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The aim of the current paper was to investigate the influence of childbirth on parents' trait emotional intelligence (EI). A three-wave longitudinal research program (during the second trimester of pregnancy, at 6 months postpartum, and at 1 year postpartum) using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model with a hierarchical linear modeling was conducted on 204 parental couples with parental group (i.e., primiparous and multiparous parents) as a time-invariant predictor and the partner's EI development as a time-varying covariate. Results showed that parents' EI was stable, except for Self-Control that increases after childbirth. Moreover, there was a significant negative association between the actor's and the partner's development around childbirth. Childbirth pushes parents to function in dyad rather than individually. Compensatory effects may be observed between both parents in terms of emotional management of parenting: When one partner cannot cope emotionally with parenting, the other partner would compensate and better manage the emotional aspects of parenting. The discussion underlined the importance of the dyadic perspective in understanding the childbirth experience, specifically the parents' receptivity to variation in their partners' emotional levels.

The current study examined the longitudinal associations of the Big Five personality traits (i.e., Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness) with attachment orientations (i.e., Anxiety and Avoidance) around the event of childbirth. For this purpose, the authors conducted a three-wave longitudinal research program (second prepartum trimester, 6 months postpartum, and 1 year postpartum) using cross-lagged models on 204 parental couples. Results showed that (a) Neuroticism was longitudinally associated with Anxiety and (b) Extraversion was within-time associated with Avoidance.

The aim of the current paper was to investigate the influence of childbirth on parents’ attachment orientations. A three-wave longitudinal research program (during the second trimester of pregnancy, at 6 months postpartum, and at 1 year postpartum) using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model with a hierarchical linear modeling was conducted on 150 parental couples (M = 30.38 years old) with parental group (i.e., primiparous/first-time or multiparous/multi-times parents) as a time-invariant predictor and the partner’s attachment development as a time-varying covariate. Results showed that parents’ attachment orientations were stable. Moreover, the members of a parental couple tended to follow the same attachment developmental trajectory. Variation in the partners’ anxiety was positively associated with variation in the parents’ anxiety and avoidance, while variation in the partners’ avoidance was not associated with variation in the parents’ anxiety and avoidance. The discussion underlined the stability of attachment orientations around childbirth and the importance of the dyadic perspective in understanding the childbirth experience, specifically the parents’ receptivity to variation in their partners’ anxiety levels and the influence of such variation on their own anxiety and avoidance development.

This longitudinal prospective and multi-informant study based on a three-wave research program (pregnancy, 12 months postpartum, and 16 months postpartum) aimed to determine the process of construction of family alliance, as assessed by the Lausanne Trilogue Play. A model using parents’ individual characteristics (i.e., personality traits and attachment orientations) as distal variables, coparenting as a mediator, child’s temperament as a moderator, and family alliance as outcome was tested using structural equation modelling on 62 non-referred families. Results showed that both parents’ Conscientiousness was positively and mothers’ Avoidant attachment and fathers’ Anxious attachment were negatively and indirectly (via coparenting) associated with the family alliance. The discussion underlines mothers’ and fathers’ different roles and the importance of coparenting as a core mechanism in the development of family alliance.

Our study examined the relationships of relational pronouns used in parental conversation to the quality of early family interactions, as indexed by Family Alliance (FA). We hypothesized that more positive family interactions were associated with the use of more we-pronouns (e.g., we, us, our; we-ness) and fewer I- and you-pronouns (e.g., I, me, you, your; separateness) by both mothers and fathers. Our statistical model using a multilevel modelling framework and two levels of analysis (i.e., a couple level and an individual level) was tested on 47 non-referred families (n = 31 primiparous families; child’s age, M = 15.75 months, SD = 2.73) with we-ness and separateness as outcomes and FA functions as between-dyads variables. Analyses revealed that we-ness within the parental couple was only positively associated with family affect sharing while separateness was negatively associated with different FA functions (e.g., communication mistakes). Our main finding suggested that the kinds of personal pronouns used by parental couples when discussing children’s education would be associated to the emotional quality of the family interactions.

L’étude vient s’intégrer dans un contexte de recherches qui s’intéressent majoritairement à la performance créative et aux facteurs qui peuvent optimiser celle-ci. Par contre, les effets du processus créatif sur l’humeur sont marginalement étudiés. La présente étude a comme objectifs de combler cette lacune. Cette étude interroge les effets de l’engagement dans le processus créatif (pensée divergente et convergente) sur l’humeur positive auprès de 24 enfants préadolescents dont l’âge varie entre 10 et 12 ans. Les corrélations entre l’humeur et la performance créative aux tâches qui engagent les enfants dans le processus créatif sont également étudiées. Les participants ont été répartis en deux groupes : un groupe expérimental au sein duquel deux sessions d’activités de pensées divergente et convergente (graphiques et verbales) sont proposées et un groupe témoin qui participe à des activités proches, mais qui n’impliquent pas le processus créatif. Pour ces deux groupes, avant et après ces sessions d’activités, l’humeur positive est évaluée. Les résultats obtenus n’indiquent aucun effet significatif de l’utilisation du processus créatif sur l’humeur positive. Par contre, la performance créative et la variation de l’humeur sont corrélées significativement et positivement dans la tâche de pensée convergente verbale. Toutefois, aucune corrélation ne s’observe avec la performance aux tâches de pensée divergente ni à la tâche de pensée convergente graphique. La discussion de cette recherche a permis de s’interroger quant aux enjeux pédagogiques et développementaux de l’utilisation du processus créatif et en conséquence, d’élaborer de nouvelles hypothèses à tester dans de futurs recherches., [Creative process and mood changes: A study with preteenage children]. Numerous empirical studies have focused on how to optimize individuals’ creative performance. Mood is often viewed as a mean to increase creative performance. However, the beneficial effects of the creative process on mood remain understudied. The present study attempts to fill this gap. The study has been conducted on 24 10-to-12-year-old children. The objectives were to investigate the influence of the creative process (divergent and convergent thinking) on positive mood. In addition, we also explored the relation between creative performance and positive mood. Two groups were compared. First, children from the experimental group participated in two sessions during which they completed divergent and convergent thinking tasks (graphic and verbal). Second, children in the control group completed similar activities that did not involve creative processes. Before and after the two sessions, children in both groups completed self-report measures of mood. Results revealed no significant effect of the involvement in creative process on positive mood. Nevertheless, positive correlations were found between creative performance in verbal convergent task and changes in positive mood. No significant correlations were found for creative performance in graphic convergent task nor in divergent task. We discuss the potential educational and developmental implications of the use of the creative process among children. We then conclude by formulating new hypotheses to be tested in future research.

Les premières études consacrées aux liens précoces parent – enfant se sont essentiellement focalisées sur la relation mère – enfant, la mère étant considérée comme la source essentielle d’influence pour le bébé. Or, afin d’appréhender le contexte social au sein duquel évolue l’enfant, il est nécessaire d’aller au-delà de l’étude des relations dyadiques et de considérer l’importance des relations triadiques. Notre étude longitudinale basée sur un programme de recherche en trois temps (grossesse, 12 mois postpartum et 18 mois postpartum) avait comme objectif de déterminer le processus de construction de l’alliance familiale, (i.e. l’engagement et la coopération familiale) telle qu’elle est évaluée par le Jeu Trilogique de Lausanne. Un modèle comprenant des caractéristiques individuelles parentales (i.e., les traits de personnalité et les patterns d’attachement) en tant que variables distales, la coparentalité en tant que médiateur, le tempérament de l’enfant en tant que modérateur et l’alliance familiale en tant que variable de sortie a été testé via des équations structurales (N = 62 familles). Les résultats ont montré que le caractère consciencieux des parents était positivement et indirectement (via la coparentalité) associé à l’alliance familiale tandis que l’attachement évitant de la mère et l’attachement anxieux du père étaient négativement et indirectement (via la coparentalité) associés à l’alliance familiale. La discussion soulignait l’importance des caractéristiques du père et de la mère lors d’interactions familiales précoces ainsi que de la coparentalité comme mécanisme central dans le développement de l’alliance familiale.

L’étude vient s’intégrer dans un contexte de recherches qui s’intéressent majoritairement à la performance créative et aux facteurs qui peuventoptimiser celle-ci. Par contre, les effets du processus créatif sur l’humeur sont marginalement étudiés. La présente étude a comme objectifs decombler cette lacune. Cette étude interroge les effets de l’engagement dans le processus créatif (pensée divergente et convergente) sur l’humeurpositive auprès de 24 enfants préadolescents dont l’âge varie entre 10 et 12 ans. Les corrélations entre l’humeur et la performance créative aux tâchesqui engagent les enfants dans le processus créatif sont également étudiées. Les participants ont été répartis en deux groupes : un groupe expérimentalau sein duquel deux sessions d’activités de pensées divergente et convergente (graphiques et verbales) sont proposées et un groupe témoin quiparticipe à des activités proches, mais qui n’impliquent pas le processus créatif. Pour ces deux groupes, avant et après ces sessions d’activités,l’humeur positive est évaluée. Les résultats obtenus n’indiquent aucun effet significatif de l’utilisation du processus créatif sur l’humeur positive.Par contre, la performance créative et la variation de l’humeur sont corrélées significativement et positivement dans la tâche de pensée convergenteverbale. Toutefois, aucune corrélation ne s’observe avec la performance aux tâches de pensée divergente ni à la tâche de pensée convergentegraphique. La discussion de cette recherche a permis de s’interroger quant aux enjeux pédagogiques et développementaux de l’utilisation duprocessus créatif et en conséquence, d’élaborer de nouvelles hypothèses à tester dans de futurs recherches.

Parenthood is considered as one of the most significant life challenges because of its potential to drastically disrupt parents’ lives. The current symposium will focus on the influence of children on parents’ experiences and will relate stress and challenges relatives to parenthood in clinical and theoretical perspectives. The first presentation will examine the influence of childbirth on parents’ attachment development. The second one will address the nature, risk factors and consequences of parental burnout. Next, the relations between parental reactions toward their children’s emotions and Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) will be highlighted. The last presentation will refer to the separation anxiety in the parent – child relation.

Intellectual disabilities (ID) appear to predispose children to heightened externalizing behaviors (EB) problems. Parents of children displaying EB present a memory recall bias: during assessments, they tend more to recall the child’s negative behaviors than the positive ones. While promising, studies on parents’ cognitive biases have been limited to this observation and do not consider children with ID. The present program will investigate the existence of cognitive biases in parents of children presenting ID and EB, biases consisting in a dysregulation in the parents’ preferential allocation of attention and/or memory towards their child’s negative behaviors or emotions, as compared to positive or neutral ones. These biases would play a role in maintaining child EB symptoms: the fact that the child preferentially receives parents’ attention during misbehaviors would constitute a reinforcement of the latter. The goal of this research is to test for the existence of such parental cognitive biases and to disentangle the information-processing biases at stake: Do parents present an attentional bias, a memory bias, or a combination of both?

Très documenté, cet ouvrage s’appuie sur les recherches les plus récentes en psychologie pour dresser un aperçu global des problématiques et enjeux actuels de la parentalité.

La massification de l’accès à l’université et le taux d’échec important en première année ont poussé les institutions universitaires belges à proposer de nombreux dispositifs d’aide à la réussite. Leur inventaire chronologique est d’abord présenté, avec une attention particulière au projet « Passeports pour le Bac » (test de prérequis à l’entrée suivi par des remédiations) et au blocus dirigé de décembre. L’effet de ces deux dispositifs sur les résultats obtenus par les étudiants aux examens de janvier constitue le cœur de l’article. Les analyses sont effectuées par pairage entre plus de 150 étudiants ayant participé à au moins un de ces dispositifs et d’autres étudiants n’y ayant pas pris part mais présentant un profil similaire. Les résultats de cette étude montrent l’effet prédictif des résultats aux Passeports et l’impact positif des remédiations sur les notes obtenues aux examens, surtout dans le cadre de prérequis disciplinaires (vs transversaux). La participation au blocus dirigé, quant à elle, permet aux étudiants les plus faibles d’améliorer leurs résultats

To investigate the influence of childbirth on personality, the authors conducted a three-wave longitudinal research program (pregnancy, 6 months, and 1 year postpartum) using a multilevel modeling framework on 204 parental couples with parental group (primiparous vs. multiparous parents) as a time-invariant predictor and the partner’s development as a time-varying covariate and on childless couples as a control group. Results showed that the father’s Extraversion decreases after childbirth. Except for Extraversion, parents’ personality is highly stable. Moreover, when facing childbirth, mothers and fathers tend to follow the same developmental trajectory and hence to function in dyad. The discussion underlines the importance of the dyadic perspective to understand the childbirth experience.

Childbirth is one of the most significant life events because of its potential to drastically disrupt an individual’s life. My doctoral dissertation aims to answer whether childbirth transforms one’s life by taking into account individual, dyadic, and triadic perspectives. I specifically ask the following research questions: How does childbirth change parents’ personality traits and attachment orientations? Do the developmental trajectories of mother and father influence each other? How do family interactions construct? I conducted a four-wave longitudinal study (pregnancy, 6 months postpartum, 12 months, and 16 months; n = 204 parental couples) with a multi-informant, prospective, and multi-method strategy. I used growth curves, dyadic, structural, and cross-lagged analyses in order to compare the trajectory of couples with children with couples without children. The results showed that childbirth only causes a decrease in father’s extraversion. Except for this isolated result, both parents’ personality traits and attachment orientations tend to be highly stable. Compared to childless couples, mothers’ and fathers’ developmental courses are interdependent, that is, childbirth leads parents to function in a dyad rather than individually. Finally, from a family perspective, our results showed that mother’s conscientiousness and avoidant attachment and father’s anxious attachment directly and/or indirectly (i.e., via coparenting) influence family interactions., (PSYE - Sciences psychologiques et de l) -- UCL, 2014

This symposium will examine parents and young children’s personality development. Different patterns of personality change and stability at the higher-order (i.e., broad dimensions) or lower-order (i.e., facets) traits level will be observed. The first two presentations will be about parents’ personality effects across the pre and postnatal. Thus, S. Galdiolo will focus on parent’s personality dyadic development across the perinatal period. Then, A. Assor’s presentation will be about the infant’s temperament as determinant of parent’s conditional-regard and autonomy-support. Preschoolers and toddlers’ personality development will then be examined. S. De Pauw will address personality development in early childhood and evaluate measures of three prominent temperament models with a child-based Five-Factor personality model. Finally, A. De Haan will examine changes in mother ratings of toddlers’ lower-order Big Five facets between ages 2 - 4.5 years.

To investigate the influence of childbirth on personality traits (PT) and attachment orientations (AO), the authors conducted a three-wave longitudinal research program (second prepartum trimester, 6 months postpartum and 1 year postpartum) using a multilevel modeling framework on 204 parental couples with parental group (primiparous vs. multiparous parents) as a time-invariant predictor and the partner’s development as a time-varying covariate. Results showed that only father’s Extraversion (PT) decreases after childbirth. Except this result, parents’ PT and AO remain highly stable. Besides, when facing childbirth, mothers and fathers tend to follow the same developmental trajectory and hence to function in dyad. Our second question of research focused on the longitudinal associations between parents’ PT and AO when facing childbirth and the direction of these associations by means of cross-lagged panel models. These models, in which within-time correlations and the relative stability of the constructs of interest are controlled for, were suited to infer whether PT predict AO, whether AO predict PT, whether there is a reciprocal process in which relative changes in PT and AO mutually reinforce one another or whether there is no longitudinal associations between PT and AO when facing childbirth. Actually, our results showed a longitudinal independence between our constructs of interest. The discussion underlines the stability and the relative independence of PT and AO and the importance of the dyadic perspective to understand the child experience.

The family alliance (FA) reflects the degree of family cooperation and engagement. It is enacted in every daily activity involving both parents and the child. The FA is assessed with the Family Alliance Assessment Scales (FAAS; Favez, Lavanchy Scaiola, Tissot, Darwiche, & Frascarolo, 2010) in an observational situation, the Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP; Fivaz-Depeursinge & Corboz-Warnery, 1999). The FA is then classified as Cooperative, Conflictual or Disordered. Five criteria (participation, organization, focalization, affect sharing and synchronization) allow getting a family score. From a systemic point of view, different correlates of the FA can be highlighted. In this way, the first presentation will be held on the influence of the low to moderate maternal depressiveness on the FA (Tissot, H.). In a second phase, the association between the parental insightfulness, reflecting the capacity to “see things from the child’s point of view” of both mother and father and the FA will be studied (Oppenheim, D.). Third, the parental relation, especially the marital satisfaction and the coparenting, in association with the FA will be taken into account (Deschênes, M.). Fourth, an exploration of the different predictors of the FA within a model including parental (e.g. personality), coparental (e.g. coparenting) and the child’s variables (e.g. temperament) will be held (Galdiolo, S.). The last presentation will offer us an extension of the LTP in order to assess the triadic interactions during the child’s feeding (Feeding-LTP) and will also define the FA in a family whose the child has a diagnosis of Infantile Anorexia (Simonelli, A.).

The family alliance, reflecting the degree of family cooperation, shows a relatively stable developmental trajectory during the first two years of the child’s life. The aim of this study was to determine the most important predictors of the family alliance assessed with the Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP) within a model including parent’s, child’s and coparenting characteristics. This study was based on a 2-waves program research. At 6 months postpartum, a questionnaire assessing the parent’s personality (NEO-60; Aluja, Garcia, Rossier, & Garcia, 2005), emotional competencies (TEIQue; Mikolajczak, Luminet, Leroy, & Roy, 2007), attachment orientations (ECR-R; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998), coparenting (CPS; Feinberg, Fisher, & Kan, 2008) and marital satisfaction (KMS; Schumm et al., 1986) has been completed by each parent separately. At 1 year postpartum, the child’s temperament (IBQ-R) was assessed by the parents and the families were observed in the LTP in order to measure their alliance. The sample was made up of 62 non-referred primiparous and multiparous families. Parent’s characteristics consisted of personality, emotional competencies and attachment style. These constructs are related to the parenting and the quality of family and social interactions (e.g. Bornstein, Hahn, & Haynes, 2011). Child’s characteristics were apprehended by gender, age and temperament. These ones hence account for variations in parenting and family interactions (e.g. van Bakel & Riksen-Walraven, 2002). Coparenting and marital satisfaction stood for the coparental sphere. On the basis of these constructs, linear regressions were run. Because of the weak correlations between the coparental constructs of the fathers and the mothers, two gender-related models were computed. In the mother-model, linear regressions had revealed three important predictors: Conscientiousness (personality), Effortful control (child’s temperament) and coparenting. In the father-model, only one predictor has been

To investigate the influence of childbirth on attachment orientations, the authors conducted a three-wave longitudinal research program (during the second trimester of pregnancy, at 6 months postpartum and at 1 year postpartum) and used a multilevel modeling framework on 150 parental couples with parental group (primiparous vs. multiparous parents) as a time-invariant predictor and the partner’s development as a time-varying predictor. The results for the anxiety and the avoidance were different. On the one hand, avoidance remained stable over time, regardless of the predictors. On the other hand, the partner’s development was a predictor of anxiety development: Mothers and fathers tend to change in tandem towards less anxiety. The discussion first considers the question of the development of attachment orientations and the transformative nature of childbirth. Given the parent’s development in tandem, it then stresses the importance for professionals to collaborate with the parental couple for the preparation to parenthood.

Plusieurs études confirment que l’échec en première année à l’université demeure lié aux ressources socioculturelles et financières du milieu familial des étudiants. Dans une recherche par questionnaire menée auprès de 525 étudiants, l’existence de trois processus expliquant cette influence a été testée : l’effet établissement, l’effet options et l’effet du niveau de maîtrise de certains prérequis critiques à l’entrée à l’université. Les résultats indiquent clairement que ces trois variables influencent la réussite universitaire initiale, et qu’elles sont, au moins en partie, socialement déterminées, ce qui leur confère leur statut de médiateur dans le lien entre l’origine sociale des étudiants et leur réussite académique.