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Introduction: Water polo is a physically high-demanding team sport, therefore players’ physical abilities and anthropometric characteristics are important factors to achieve a good level of quality in technical-tactical actions. The aim of this study was to determine the association of the chronological age with the anthropometric characteristics and specific functional swimming capacities in youth U12 male water polo players. Methods: There were 170 youth U12 water polo players who attended the Croatian Water Polo Federation training camps included in this cross-sectional study. Measurements included anthropometric characteristics and specific functional swimming capacities. Results: Players were divided according to their chronological age: Q1 (January- March) – 59 players (34.7%), Q2 (April-June) – 35 players (20.6%), Q3 (July-September) – 46 players (27.1%) and Q4 (October-December) – 30 players (17.6%). Older players born in Q1 presented higher values of body height and weight than their younger peers born in Q4 (Q1 165.96±7.88 cm vs. Q4 159.46±5.44 cm, P=0.001 ; Q1 60.14±13.99 kg vs. Q4 51.35±7.09 kg, P=0.023), while there were no statistically significant differences in specific functional swimming tests between different age groups. Discussion: Contrary to what was hypothesized, older water polo players presented only better anthropometric characteristics than their younger peers, probably due to the biological maturity influence on functional skills, as well as small range of chronological age differences. Conclusion: Such data might provide an understanding of the general and specific water polo player’s development process, which should be considered by coaches of youth players to improve their skills as a result of developing better training programs.

Progresivna mišićna distrofija Duchenne (DMD) je X vezana progresivna mišićna bolest uzrokovana mutacijama u DMD genu zbog čega nedostaje funkcionalan protein distrofin. Duchenneova (DMD) i Beckerova (BMD) mišićna distrofija najčešće su distrofije dječje dobi. One su alelne bolesti uzrokovane mutacijom gena na istom lokusu, a razlikuju se klinički po tome što je u Beckerovoj distrofiji blaža klinička slika i bolja prognoza. Prvi klinički znakovi bolesti prezentiraju se već u dobi od 2-3 godine kao zaostajanje u motoričkom razvoju uključujući i razvoj govora, nespretnost i česte padove, a od laboratorijskih nalaza najčešće se prvo otkrivaju povišene vrijednosti jetrenih enzima kao slučajan nalaz u bolesnika sa akutnom najčešće respiratornom infekcijom. Bolest napreduje posebno do 7. godine do nepokretnosti i ovisnosti o invalidskim kolicima, potrebe za (ne)invazivnom ventilacijom do 20.-te godine te do preuranjene smrti već u drugom ili trećem desetljeću života. S obzirom na progresivnost bolesti, njeno suvremeno zbrinjavanje i terapija sveobuhvatni su i uključuju ispreplitanje medicinskih specijalnosti. Multidisciplinarni tim za zbrinjavanje DMD uključuje pedijatra, neuropedijatra, kardiologa, pulmologa, fizijatra, ortopeda, nutricionista, gastroenterologa i psihologa. Mogućnosti terapije uključuju kortikosteroide, inhibitore konvertaze angiotenzina te gensku i molekularnu terapiju, no većina je lijekova i dalje u fazama ispitivanja. Standardno zbrinjavanje uključuje terapijske postupke, lijekove i ASO. Terapija protusmjernim oligonukleotidom (ataluren/Translarna) odobrena je u Hrvatskoj i primjenjuje se kod bolesnika sa besmislenom mutacijom premature stop-codon. Provode se i daljnja istraživanja lijekova koji bi ciljali druge regije gena za potencijalno liječenje ostatka oboljele populacije. Zasad izliječenje od DMD nije moguće, no terapijom se postiže usporen napredak bolesti, poboljšava kvaliteta života oboljelih i produljuje život pacijentima., Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X linked progressive muscle disease caused by mutations in DMD gene leading to a lack od functional protein dystrophin. Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies are the most common childhood dystrophies. They are allelic diseases caused by gene mutation at the same locus but what distinguishes them are milder clinical picture and better prognosis in Becker's muscular dystrophy. The first clinical signs of this disease appear around ages 2 and 3 as delayed motor skills including speech development, clumsiness and frequent falls, and elevated levels of liver enzymes are usually found in laboratory tests as a coincidental finding in patients with acute usually respiratory infection . The disease advances especially around the age of 7 to immobility and wheelchair dependency , (non)invasive ventilation necessity before the age of 20 and premature death in second or third decade of life. Regarding the progressiveness of this disease, it's contemporary care and treatment are comprehensive and include intertwining of multiple medical specialties. Multidisciplinary treatment team of DMD inculdes a pediatrician, a neuropediatrician, a cardiologist, a pulmologist, a physiatrist, an orthopedic surgeon, a gastroenterologist and a psychologist. Therapy possibilities are corticosteroids, angiotensin convertase inhibitor and gene and molecular therapy but the majority of the possible treatments is still in research phases. Standard care of DMD patients includes therapeutic procedures, drugs and ASOs. Antisense oligonucleotide therapy (ataluren/Translarna) is approved in Croatia and is applied in those patients with nonsense premature stop-codon mutation. Other drug researches are being conducted for drugs which would target other gene regions and would potentialy be used for treating the rest of the affected population. DMD is still not curable but the therapy achieves slowing of disease progresion, improves quality of life and prolongs the life of the patients.

Aim The aim of this cross-sectional (analytical) study was to investigate the influence of nutritional and hygienic habits on oral health in children. Materials and methods There were 143 children aged six to thirteen years attending primary school Blato, Blato, Croatia who participated in this study. Children were divided into groups according to age in younger primary school children (6–9 years old, n=82) and older primary school children (10–13 years old, n=61): according to gender in males (n=53) and females (n=90). The study was conducted by using a questionnaire of nutritional and hygienic habits and clinical dental examination. Decayed-missed-filled tooth index (DMFT) and plaque index were calculated. DIAGNOdent pen was used to assess caries presence on the first permanent molars. Results There are no statistically significant differences in the consumption of sugar and sweetened beverages among the tested groups. There were 124 (86.71%) children brushing their teeth one or more times a day. The DMFT index for older children (10–13 years, DMFT=2.66±2.45) was significantly higher (p

Svrha: Cilj istraživanja bio je istražiti povezanost prehrambeno-higijenskih navika i oralnog zdravlja kod djece školske dobi. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 143 učenika iz Osnovne škole Blato u Blatu, u dobi od šest do trinaest godina. Djeca su podijeljena u dvije skupine: učenici nižih razreda (6-9 godina, n = 82) i učenici viših razreda (10-13 godina, n = 61) osnovne škole. Istraživanje je provedeno pomoću upitnika o oralno-higijenskim navikama i kliničkog pregleda u ordinaciji dentalne medicine. Izračunati su karijes-ekstrakcija-ispun indeks (KEP) i plak indeks. DIAGNOdent pen uređaj je korišten za procjenu prisutnosti karijesa na prvim trajnim kutnjacima. Rezultati: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da između ispitivanih skupina nema statistički značajnih razlika u konzumaciji zaslađene hrane i pića. Od ukupno 143 djece, 124 (86, 71%) njih peru zube jednom ili više puta dnevno. KEP indeks kod starije djece (10-13 godina, KEP = 2, 66 ± 2, 45) značajno je viši (p

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the clinical use of mandibular advancement device (MAD) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients has remarkably increased. Although well tolerated, MAD may cause certain side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate potential adverse effects of the custom-made adjustable MAD on occlusal changes after 1 year of treatment. METHODS: A total of 15 patients with mild to moderate OSA were treated with custom-made adjustable MAD (Silensor-sl, Erkodent, Pfalzgrafenweiler, Germany) and they were followed-up after 1 year of treatment. Sleep studies were performed at baseline without the MAD and after 1 year of treatment with the MAD in situ. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken for each patient using standardized techniques at baseline and after 1 year of MAD treatment and standard cephalometric analyses were performed using AudaxCeph software (Audax, Ljubljana, Slovenia). RESULTS: The mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) decreased significantly from 22.9±5.9 at baseline to 9.7±4.5 episode/h after 1 year of treatment (P

OSA je poremećaj disanja tijekom spavanja karakteriziran smanjenim tonusom mišića gornjeg dišnog puta što uzrokuje učestale kratkotrajne epizode opstrukcije gornjeg dišnog puta. OSA je često udružena s povećanim rizikom za nastanak kardiovaskularnih bolesti, endotelnom disfunkcijom i povećanim kardiovaskularnim morbiditetom i mortalitetom. Poznato je i kako je OSA povezana s promjenama metabolizma glukoze kao i povećanim rizikom za nastanak šećerne bolesti tipa 2. Bolesnici s OSA-om pokazuju i oslabljene neurokognitivne funkcije, psihomotorički deficit, poremećaje pozornosti i pamćenja, te smanjenje budnosti i opreznosti što može utjecati na smanjene funkcijske sposobnosti bolesnika koje uzrokuju smanjenu sposobnost upravljanja motornim vozilima, povećani rizik za sudjelovanje u prometnim nesrećama i smanjenu kvaliteta života. U liječenju OSAe danas se sve češće koriste intraoralne udlage, koje su indicirane u bolesnika s blagom i umjerenom OSA-om (10 ≤ AHI ≤ 30), u onih bolesnika koji ne mogu ili ne žele koristiti CPAP te kao pomoćno sredstvo za bolesnike koji koriste neku drugu vrstu liječenja OSA-e. Ciljevi ove disertaciji bili su praćenje utjecaja liječenja MAD-om u bolesnika s blagom i umjerenom OSA-om na polisomnografske pokazatelje, pokazatelje disanja i zasićenosti hemoglobina kisikom tijekom godine dana, zatim praćenje pokazatelja elastičnosti arterijske stijenke i brojnih metaboličkih pokazatelja tijekom godine dana liječenja MAD-om. U drugom dijelu disertacije cilj je bio testiranje i praćenje kognitivnih i psihomotoričkih funkcija bolesnika s blagom i umjerenom OSA-om liječenih MAD-om tijekom godine dana, te utjecaj liječenja na njihovu kvalitetu života. Ukupno 15 bolesnika s blagom i umjerenom OSA-om završilo je protokol istraživanja. Bolesnicima su izrađene individualne, prilagodljive intraoralne udlage i provedena su različita mjerenja, pregledi i testiranja u 3 vremenske točke – na početku istraživanja, nakon 3 mjeseca i godine dana liječenja MAD-om. Mjerenja su se sastojala od: fizikalnog pregleda, cjelonoćnog snimanja u Centru za medicinu spavanja, laboratorijskih pretraga, mjerenja elastičnosti arterijske stijenke, rješavanja upitnika za subjektivnu procjenu (ESS, SF-36) i testiranja kognitivnih i psihomotoričkih funkcija (CRD serija). U bolesnika s blagom i umjerenom OSA-om AHI se značajno smanjio od 22,9±5,9 epizoda/h na početku, na 9,7±4,5 epizoda /h nakon godine dana liječenja MAD-om (P, OSA is a sleep-disordered breathing characterized by recurrent episodes of the upper airway collapse during sleep associated with repetitive partial or complete interruptions of breathing during sleep. There is an independent association between OSA and the risk for cardiovascular events. OSA is associated with impaired endothelial function and elevated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Moreover, OSA may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. OSA is also associated with the range of significant psychological and cognitive consequences, suboptimal speed of thinking and responding, which is crucial in driving performance and associated with the risk for motor vehicle accidents. More recently, oral appliances have been proven to be effective treatment for OSA. Oral appliances are indicated in patients with mild to moderate OSA (10 ≤ AHI ≤ 30 events/h), as well as for those patients who do not tolerate or comply with CPAP. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of MAD therapy in patients with mild to moderate OSA over the course of 1 year, specifically assessing its effects on polysomnographic data, respiratory parameters and oxygen blood saturation, arterial stiffness and the set of selected metabolic parameters. In the second study the aim was to to investigate the potential benefits of MAD therapy in patients with mild to moderate OSA over the course of 1 year on long-term cognitive and psychomotor performance and quality of life. A total of 15 patients with mild to moderate OSA were treated with MAD and were followed up after 3 months and 1 year of therapy. Physical examination, sleep studies in the sleep center, arterial stiffness assessment and laboratory analyses were obtained at the baseline and at the time of follow-up. The patients were tested on three different tests of cognitive and psychomotor performance (CRD-series) and questionnaires (ESS and SF-36) were used to assess their quality of life and excessive daytime sleepiness. There was a significant decrease in AHI after 1 year of therapy when compared to baseline (22.2±5.9 to 9.7±4.5, P

Cilj: Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je procijeniti znanje o oralnom zdravlju, oralno-higijenske navike te učestalost i znanje o dentalnim traumama i upotrebi dentalnih štitnika među vaterpolistima. Materijali i metode:Presječna studija uključila je vaterpolske klubove na području Republike Hrvatske. Sudjelovali su seniorski igrači vaterpola. Anketni upitnik sastojao se od pitanja podijeljenih u četiri dijela (sociodemografski podatci, oralno-higijenske navike, iskustva vezana uz dentalne traume i upotreba dentalnih štitnika te znanje o oralnom zdravlju). Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 114 ispitanika prosječne dobi 23,9 ± 4,8). Prosječno znanje ispitanika bilo je 6,4 ± 2,6 (Md=6, IKR = 4,75-8,0) od mogućih 12 bodova (minimum 0, maksimum 12). Najbolje znanje pokazali su igrači u dobi od 23 do 30 godina (Md=7,0, IKR = 5,0-9,0). Rezultati vezani uz utjecaj klorirane vode na stanje denticije i oralne sluznice pokazali su da 7,9 % ispitanika ima crno-smeđe pigmente na prednjim zubima, dok erodiranu površinu ima 15,8 % ispitanika. 27,2 % ispitanika doživjelo je neku vrstu dentalne traume za vrijeme treninga ili utakmice. Kada je riječ o dentalnim štitnicima, 58,8 % ispitanika smatra da štitnici pomažu u sprječavanju ozljeda, ali samo 7,0 % ih koristi za vrijeme treninga ili utakmice. Zaključak: Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je potrebna dodatna edukacija o oralnom zdravlju te postupcimazaštite i preveniranja oralnih ozljeda kod vaterpolista. Znanje i navike bi se najbolje stekli kad bi se edukaciji vaterpolista pristupilo već u najranijim kategorijama., Aim:Theobjectiveofthisstudywas to assesstheknowledgeoforalhealth, oralhygienehabits, frequencyof dental trauma, andthe use of dental guardsamong water polo players. Materials andMethods:Thiscross-sectionalstudyincluded water polo clubsinthe Republic of Croatia andinvolved senior water polo players. Thequestionnairewasdividedintofoursections: sociodemographic data, oralhygienehabits, experiencesrelated to dental trauma andthe use of dental guards, andknowledgeaboutoralhealth. Results: A total of 114 respondents (average age 23.9±4.8) participatedinthestudy. Therespondents' averageknowledgescorewas 6.4 ± 2.6 (Md = 6, IKR = 4.75-8.0) outof a possible 12 points (min 0, max 12). Playersaged 23 to 30 demonstratedthehighestlevelofknowledge (Md = 7.0, IKR = 5.0-9.0). Theresultsregardingtheimpactofchlorinated water on dental conditionandoralmucosarevealedthat 7.9% ofthesubjects had black-brownpigments on their front teeth, while 15.8% had anerodedsurface. Additionally, 27.2% oftherespondentsreportedexperiencing some formof dental trauma duringtrainingormatches. Withregard to dental guards, 58.8% oftherespondentsbelievedthatguardshelppreventinjuries, but only 7.0% usedthemduringtrainingormatches. Conclusion: Thefindingsofthisstudyemphasizetheneed for additionaleducation on oralhealth, protectivemeasures, andinjurypreventionamong water polo players. Itisrecommended to start educating water polo playersfromtheearliestcategories to enhancetheirknowledgeandhabitsinthisregard.

Ciljevi: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti kvalitetu života i subjektivni osjećaj zdravlja u osoba s djelomičnom ili potpunom bezubošću. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 34 ispitanika, pacijenta koji su došli u ambulantu za stomatološku protetiku Stomatološke poliklinike u Splitu zbog izrade nove potpune proteze. Nakon kliničkog stomatološkog pregleda ispitanici su ispunili anketni upitnik o kvaliteti života (engl. 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, SF-36) koji mjeri subjektivni osjećaj zdravlja kroz osam domena, upitnik za procjenu kvalitete života ovisne o oralnom zdravlju (engl. Oral Health Impact Profile, OHIP-14) te vizualno-analognu ljestvicu (VAS) za procjenu zadovoljstva starom potpunom protezom. Rezultati: Od 34 ispitanika koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju bilo je 26 žena (76.5%) i 8 muškaraca (23.5%), prosječne dobi 70.6±9.4 godina. Potpuno bezubih je bilo 18 ispitanika (52.9%), a 16 (47.1%) djelomično bezubih. Potpunu protezu je ranije koristilo 30 (88.2%) ispitanika, djelomičnu protezu 11 (32.4%), a fiksnoprotetski rad jedan ispitanik (2.9%). Ispitanici koji su ranije koristili potpunu protezu ocijenili su svoje zadovoljstvo protezom s 57.5±32.0 mm na VAS ljestvici. Rezultati subjektivne procjene zdravlja prema SF-36 upitniku pokazali su najlošije rezultate u kategoriji Vitalnost (55.8±16.1 bodova), a najbolje u kategoriji Psihičko zdravlje (89.9±22.7 bodova). Ukupni zbroj bodova OHIP-14 upitnika bio je 17.2±12.5 bodova (od mogućih 56 bodova). Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između ispitanika s potpunom i djelomičnom bezubošću. Zaključak: Ovo istraživanje pokazalo je kako ispitanici s potpunom ili djelomičnom bezubošću imaju smanjenu kvalitetu života, kao i subjektivni osjećaj zdravlja. Stoga je oralna rehabilitacija uz izradu protetskog nadomjestka nužna za postizanje bolje kvalitete života u takvih osoba., Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess health related quality of life and subjective feeling of health in partially or completely edentulous individuals. Materials and methods: There were 34 participants included in the study, who attended the Department of Prosthodontics in the Dental Clinic Split, Croatia for new complete dentures fabrication. Following the clinical examination, participants completed a quality of life questionnaire, the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), measuring subjective feeling of health through eight health domaines, oral health related quality of life questionnaire (OHIP-14) and visual-analogue scale (VAS) to assess patient satisfaction with the previous complete dentures. Results: Out of 34 participants in this study, there were 26 female (76.5%) and 8 male (23.5%), with the mean age 70.6±9.4 years. There were 18 (52.9%) completelly edentulous and 16 (47.1%) partially edentulous participants. Complete denture was previously used by 30 (88.2%) participants, partial denture by 11 (32.4%) and fixed prosthetic restorations by one (2.9%) participant. Participants previously using complete dentures estimated their satisfaction on VAS scale with 57.5±32.0 mm. Results of the health related quality of life assessed by SF-36 questionnaire showed lowest results in the Energy and vitality domaine (55.8±16.1 points), while the highest score was reached in the Mental health domaine (89.9±22.7 points). Total sum of OHIP-14 score was 17.2±12.5 points (out of maximal 56 points), with no statistically significant differences between completelly and partialy edentulous participants. Conclusion: This study showed that completelly or partialy edentulous individuals presented reduced quality of life, as well as subjective feeling of health. Therefore, oral rehabilitation including fabrication of prosthetic restorations is necessary to improve their quality of life.

Ciljevi: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti kvalitetu života i subjektivni osjećaj zdravlja te kvalitetu života ovisnu o oralnom zdravlju u osoba s poremećajima temporomandibularnog zgloba. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 34 ispitanika, kojima je u ambulanti za stomatološku protetiku Stomatološke poliklinike u Splitu dijagnosticiran poremećaj temporomandibularnog zgloba (TMP). Nakon kliničkog stomatološkog pregleda ispitanici su ispunili anketni upitnik o kvaliteti života (engl. 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, SF-36) koji mjeri subjektivni osjećaj zdravlja kroz osam domena / kategorija zdravlja (tjelesno funkcioniranje, ograničenja u ostvarivanju životnih uloga zbog tjelesnih poteškoća, ograničenja u ostvarivanju životnih uloga zbog emocionalnih problema, društveno funkcioniranje, psihičko zdravlje, vitalnost, tjelesni bolovi, percepcija općeg zdravlja), upitnik za procjenu kvalitete života ovisne o oralnom zdravlju (engl. Oral Health Impact Profile, OHIP) te vizualno-analognu ljestvicu (VAS) za procjenu boli. Rezultati: Od 34 ispitanika koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju bilo je 29 žena (85.3%) i 5 muškaraca (14.7%), prosječne dobi 38.2±15.4 godina. Neki od simptoma TMP-a (bol, ograničeno otvaranje usta, škljocanje, devijacija mandibule prilikom otvaranja usta, glavobolja, brusne fasete) imali su 33 ispitanika (97.1%), a bol su na VAS ljestvici procijenili s 61.2±21.8 mm od ukupno mogućih 100 mm. Žene su procijenile bol kao značajno jaču nego muškarci (žene 64.4±20.9 mm vs. muškarci 43.0±22.3 mm, P=0.034). Rezultati subjektivne procjene zdravlja prema SF-36 upitniku pokazali su najlošije rezultate u kategoriji Tjelesni bolovi (37.3±20.6 bodova), a najbolje u kategoriji Tjelesno funkcioniranje (78.9±22.6 bodova). Ukupni zbroj bodova OHIP-14 upitnika bio je 28.4±13.6 bodova (od mogućih 56 bodova). Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između žena i muškaraca u rezultatima SF-36 niti OHIP-14 upitnika. Zaključci: Ovo istraživanje potvrdilo je rezultate prethodnih, kako ispitanici s TPM-om imaju smanjenu kvalitetu života, kao i subjektivni osjećaj zdravlja. Stoga je odgovarajuće liječenje ovisno o uzrocima i simptomima poremećaja važno za postizanje bolje kvalitete život u takvih osoba., Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess health related quality of life in individuals suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Materials and methods: There were 34 participants included in the study, who were diagnosed with TMD at the Department of Prosthodontics in the Dental Clinic Split, Croatia. Following the clinical examination, participants completed a quality of life questionnaire, the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), measuring subjective feeling of health through eight health domaines, oral health related quality of life (OHIP-14) and visual-analogue scale (VAS) to assess patient's pain caused by the TMD. Results: Out of 34 participants in this study, there were 29 female (85.3%) and 5 male (14.7%), mean age 38.2±15.4 years. Symptoms of TMD (pain, limited range of jaw opening, temporomandibular joint noises, jaw movement asymmetry, headache, bruxism) were experienced by 33 participants (97.1%), who rated pain on VAS scale with 61.2±21.8 mm. Female rated the pain as significantly stronger than male (female 64.4±20.9 mm vs. male 43.0±22.3 mm, P=0.034). Results of the health related quality of life assessed by SF-36 showed the highest score in the Physical functioning domaine(78.9±22.6 points), while the lowest score was presented in the Pain domaine (37.3±20.6 points). Total sum of OHIP-14 score was 28.4±13.6 points (out of maximal 56 points). There were no statistically significant differences in the results of SF-36 nor OHIP-14 between female and male participants. Conclusion: This showed that individuals suffering from TMD had reduced quality of life, as well as subjective feeling of health. Therefore, appropriate diagnostic and treatment procedures are necessary to improve their quality of life.

Cilj istraživanja: Vaterpolo je sport s izrazitim fizičkim kontaktom među igračima s jako malo zaštitne opreme, stoga igrači imaju jako visok rizik za nastanak traumatskih ozljeda glave i zuba. Glavni je cilj ovog istraživanja procijeniti učestalost sportskih dentalnih ozljeda i ozljeda glave u igrača vaterpola, kao i njihove stavove o korištenju sportskih dentalnih štitnika. Metode: U provedenom istraživanju je sudjelovalo 57 igrača. Ispitanici su odabrani među igračima vaterpolskih klubova „Jadran“ i „Mornar“ iz Splita, „Jug“ iz Dubrovnika, „Mladost“ iz Zagreba i „Solaris“ iz Šibenika. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom vaterpolske sezone 2021./2022. Upitnik je sadržavao 36 pitanja podijeljenih u tri dijela. Prvi dio upitnika sadržavao je pitanja o spolu i vremenskom razdoblju bavljenja sportom. Drugi dio upitnika sastojao se od pitanja o ozljedama glave, drugi dio upitnika podrazumijevao je pitanja o orofacijalnim i dentalnim ozljedama te o drugim ozljedama. U trećem dijelu upitnika, sudionici su odgovarali na pitanja o prevenciji dentalnih ozljeda. Rezultati: Prosječna dob ispitanika bila je 22 godine (17-36 godina). Prosječno bavljenje vaterpolom ispitanika bilo je 12 godina (4-28 godine). Među igračima je bilo 11 (19%) igrača koji su igrali poziciju beka/braniča, 10 (17%) igrača centra, 8 (14%) igrača na poziciji krilnog napadača, 23 (40%) vanjska napadača i 10 (17%) igrača vratara. Većina (91,2%) ispitanika imala su neku ozljedu tijekom bavljenja vaterpolom. Najčešća ozljeda među igračima vaterpola bila je ozljeda glave (28 ispitanika, 49,1%), dok je najučestalija dentalna ozljeda bila fraktura krune (17,5%). Od ukupnog broja ispitanika, njih 2 (3,5%) je koristilo dentalni štitnik, a kao glavni razlog nekorištenja kod 24 (42,1%) igrača navedena je neudobnost štitnika. Zaključak: Rezultati ovog anketnog istraživanja pokazali su visoku učestalost ozljeda glave, orofacijalnih i dentalnih ozljeda među igračima vaterpola. Iako je većina anketiranih sportaša bila svjesna važnosti prevencije zubnih ozljeda, nisu koristili dentalne štitnike. Stoga je iznimno važno podići svijest o upotrebi dentalnih štitnika i prevenciji mogućih ozljeda., Objective: Water polo is a sport with pronounced physical contact between players with very little protective equipment, therefore players have a very high risk of traumatic head and dental injuries. The main objective of this research wass to assess the frequency of sports dental injuries and head injuries in water polo players, as well as their attitudes about the use of sports dental mouthguards. Methods: In the research, 57 water polo players have participated. The players were selected from water polo clubs "Jadran" and "Mornar" from Split, "Jug" from Dubrovnik, "Mladost" from Zagreb and "Solaris" from Šibenik. The research was conducted during the 2021/2022 water polo season. The questionnaire contained 36 questions divided into three parts. The first part of the questionnaire contained questions about gender and time period of practicing sports. The second part of the questionnaire consisted of questions about head injuries, the second part of the questionnaire included questions about orofacial and dental injuries and other injuries. In the third part of the questionnaire, the participants answered questions about the prevention of dental injuries. Results: The average age of the players was 22 years (17-36 years). The average number of years of practice was 12 years (4-28 years). Among the players there were 11 (19%) players who played the position of point/defender, 10 (17%) center players, 8 (14%) players in the position of winger, 23 (40%) drivers and 10 (17%) goalkeepers. The vast majority (91.2%) of respondents had an injury while playing water polo. The most common injury among water polo players was a head injury (28 players, 49.1%), while the most common dental injury was a crown fracture (10 players, 17.5%). Out of the total number of respondents, 2 of them (3.5%) used a dental mouthguard, and the main reason for non-use was the discomfort of the mouthguard in the majority (24 players, 42.1%). Conclusion: The results of this research showed a high frequency of head, orofacial and dental injuries among water polo players. Although the vast majority of athletes were aware of the importance of preventing dental injuries, they did not use dental mouthguards. Therefore, it is extremely important to raise awareness about the use of dental mouthguards and the prevention of possible injuries.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti znanje i stavove doktora dentalne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj o opstrukcijskoj apneji tijekom spavanja (OSA) te usporediti znanje i stavove o OSA-i između specijalista i općih doktora dentalne medicine kao i između doktora dentalne medicine koji su imali edukaciju o poremećajima spavanja tijekom studiranja i onih koji nisu. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 143 ispitanika. Istraživanje je provedeno koristeći anketni upitnika OSAKA (engl. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Knowledge and Attitudes, OSAKA) u obliku Google Forms-a. Anketni upitnik se sastojao od tri dijela. U prvom dijelu prikupljeni su opći podaci ispitanika. U drugom dijelu sa 18 pitanja se provjeravalo znanje ispitanika o OSA-i, a u trećem dijelu s pet tvrdnji su se utvrđivali stavovi o OSA-i. Ukupno znanje doktora dentalne medicine o OSA-i (engl. Correct Knowledge Score of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, CKS-OSA) dobiveno je zbrajanjem točnih odgovora, pri čemu je svaki točni odgovor donosio 1 bod, a ukupni rezultat mogao je biti između 0 i 18 Rezultati: Ukupno znanje doktora dentalne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj o OSA-i iznosilo je 9,15±3,78 bodova, od mogućih 18. Nije postojala statistički značajna razlika u znanju o OSA-i između doktora dentalne medicine različitih specijalnosti i općih doktora dentalne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj. Doktori dentalne medicine koji su imali edukaciju o poremećajima spavanja tijekom studiranja pokazali su bolje znanje od onih koji takvu edukaciju nisu imali (CKS-OSA 10,61±2,61 bodova vs. 8,88±3,90 bodova, P=0,027). Zaključak: Ovo istraživanje potvrdilo je rezultate prethodnih kako je znanje doktora dentalne medicine o OSA-i nedovoljno i kako se ne osjećaju sigurno i kompetentno takve pacijente dijagnosticirati te im pružiti odgovarajući tretman. Činjenica da je znanje onih koji su imali edukaciju bolje u odnosu na one bez edukacije ukazuje na potrebu da se edukacijski programi integriraju u fakultetsku nastavu. Ipak, stavovi većine ispitanika prema OSA-i su pozitivni i svjesni su da je riječ o važnom javnozdravstvenom problemu čija je prevalencija u porastu., Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes about obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among doctors of dental medicine in Croatia. Additionally, we compared the knowledge and attitudes regarding OSA between general doctors of dental medicine and specialists and between doctors of dental medicine who previously had some education about OSA and ones that did not. Material and methods: There were 143 participants included in the study. The study was conducted using the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire (OSAKA) which was distributed to the participants through Google Forms. The questionnaire consisted of three parts. The first part comprised general questions. The second part consisted of 18 questions about the knowledge regarding OSA and the third part estimated attitudes about OSA through five statements. Correct Knowledge Score of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (CKS-OSA) was calculated based on correct answers on 18 questions, while possible total score was between 0 and 18 points. Results: CKS-OSA was 9.15±3.78 points, out of a possible 18 points. There was no statistically significant difference in knowledge regarding OSA between specialists and general dental medicine doctors in Croatia. However, dental medicine doctors that had some education about sleep disorders during their studying showed statistically significant better knowledge than the ones who did not have such an education (CKS-OSA 10.61±2.61 points vs. 8.88±390 bodova, P=0.027). Most of the participants showed positive attitudes towards OSA. Conclusion: This survey comfirmed the results of the ones that were conducted before showing that the general knowledge regarding OSA among doctors of dental medicine is insufficient. Also, they do not feel confident in diagnosing and treating those patients. This fact and the one that doctors of dental medicine who previously had some education about sleep disorders showed better knowledge than the ones who did not have such education are indicating the need for introducing sleep medicine teaching in dental medicine curricula and programs. However, most of doctors had positive attitudes towards OSA which shows they are aware OSA as a big problem of public health with increasing prevalence.

Ciljevi: Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je proučiti kolika je učestalost morfoloških varijacija korijena zuba donje čeljusti te ih usporediti s podatcima iz dostupne literature. Materijali i metode: Istraživanje se provodilo na Zavodu za maksilofacijalnu kirurgiju KBC-a Split analiziranjem CBCT snimki donjih čeljusti pacijenata. Od ukupno 145 CBCT snimki donje čeljusti, njih 114 uzeto je u obzir te uneseno u Microsoft Excel Office 2019 i statistički obrađeno. Rezultati: Podatci od 114 ispitanika, odnosno CBCT snimki, obrađeni su u programskom paketu STATISTICA 11.0 te je svaka strana skupine zuba obrađena zasebno. Donji su sjekutići, očnjaci i pretkutnjaci u najvećem postotku jednokorijenski zubi (variranje dvokorijenskih kreće se 0 – 4 %), dok su kutnjaci u najvećem postotku dvokorijenski zubi (jednokorijenski se kreću 2 – 5 % te trokorijenski 3 – 6 %). Zaključak: Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da su dobiveni podatci broja korijena svih zuba donje čeljusti u velikoj mjeri u skladu s podatcima iz literature o navedenom broju korijena., Objectives: The objective of this research is to study the variation in number of roots of lower teeth and to compare them with data from available literature. Materials and methods: The research was conducted at The Department of Maxillo-facial surgery in the University Hospital of Split by analysing CBCT scans of patients' lower jaws. Out of 145 CBCT scans of lower jaws, 114 were valid and entered in Excel table for statistically analyse. Results: Data collected from 114 participants, i.e. CBCT scans, were analysed in STATISTICA 11.0 programme package and every side of a group of teeth was analysed separately. Lower incisors, canines and premolars are, in the largest percentage, single-rooted teeth (two-rooted vary from 0 to 4 per cent), whereas molars are, the most, two-rooted teeth (one-rooted vary from 2 to 5 per cent, while three-rooted teeth stand at about 3 to 6 per cent). Conclusion: This research has confirmed that the obatained data of the number of dental roots in all lower jaw teeth is, in accordance with the data in literature.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti stavove i znanje studenata dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu o stomatološkoj protetici te usporediti stavove i znanja studenata četvrte, pete i šeste godine studija. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju su sudjelovala 93 ispitanika. Istraživanje je provedeno putem anonimne i dobrovoljne online ankete, u obliku Google forms obrasca. Upitnik se sastojao od 60 pitanja. U prvom dijelu upitnika prikupljani su opći podaci o ispitaniku te podaci o odnosu između ranije stečenog kliničkog iskustva i percepcije učenja. U drugom dijelu upitnika ispitivani su stavovi studenata o vlastitim znanjima i vještinama iz područja stomatološke protetike te njihovo znanje iz područja stomatološke protetike. Rezultati: Ukupno znanje studenata dentalne medicine MEFST-a o stomatološkoj protetici bilo je 13,24±2,8 bodova, uz statistički značajno bolje znanje studenata šeste godine (14,61±2,21 bodova) od studenata četvrte godine (12,58±2,34 bodova) i pete godine (12,69±3,07 bodova) (P=0,004). Zaključak: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju nedovoljno znanje studenata dentalne medicine MEFST-a o stomatološkoj protetici i manjak samopouzdanja u kliničkim vještinama. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu pridonijeti poboljšanju nastave iz stomatološke protetike na MEFST-u i ukazati na smjer u kojem promjene trebaju ići., Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the attitudes and knowledge of dental students of the University of Split School of Medicine regarding prosthodontics and compare the attitudes and knowledge among students of the fourth, fifth and sixth year of dental medicine study. Materials and methods: There were 93 participants included in the study. The study was conducted using anonymous and voluntary online survey in Google Forms. The questionnaire consisted of 60 questions. In the first part general data about participants as well as previously acquired clinical experience and learning perception were collected. The second part of the questionnaire examined students' attitudes about their own knowledge and skills in the field of prosthodontics and their actual knowledge of prosthodontics. Results: The total knowledge of dental students of the University of Split School of Medicine about prosthodontics was 13.24±2.8 points, with statistically significant better knowledge of the 6th year students (14.61±2.21 points) in comparison to the 4th year students (12.58 ±2.34 points) and the 5th year students (12.69±3.07 points) (P=0.004). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated insufficient knowledge of dental students of University of Split School of Medicine about prosthodontics and the lack of self-confidence in clinical skills. The results of this research can contribute to the improvement of teaching prosthodontics at the University of Split School of Medicine and show the direction of future changes in the curriculum.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti znanja i stavove redovnih studenata dentalne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj o opstrukcijskoj apneji tijekom spavanja te usporediti znanje i stavove o OSA-i među redovnim studentima Studija dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu, Fakulteta dentalne medicine Sveučilišta u Rijeci i Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovao 301 ispitanik. Istraživanje je provedeno putem anketnog upitnika OSAKA (engl. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Knowledge and Attitudes, OSAKA) u obliku Google forms-a, koji se sastojao od tri dijela. Prvi dio odnosio se na opće podatke ispitanika, drugi dio je sadržavao 18 pitanja kojima se utvrđivalo znanje ispitanika o OSA-i i treći dio s pet tvrdnji kojima su se utvrđivali stavovi o OSA-i. Rezultati: Ukupno znanje redovnih studenata dentalne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj o OSA-i iznosilo je 8,65±3,85 bodova, od mogućih 18. Studenti MEFST-a imali su statistički značajno bolje znanje (MEFST 10,01±3,52 bodova) od studenata FDMRI-a (7,92±3,72 bodova, P, Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of dental students in Croatia about obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Additionally, we sought to compare the knowledge and attitudes regarding OSA between dental students in Study of dental medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Faculty of Dental medicine, University of Rijeka and University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine. Material and methods: There were 301 participants included in the study. The study was conducted using the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire (OSAKA) which was distributed to the participants through Google Forms. The questionnaire consisted three parts. The first part comprised general questions about age, gender and history of studying. The second part comprised 18 questions about the knowledge regarding OSA and in the third part there were five statements estimating attitudes about OSA. Results: The total knowledge score of undergraduate dental students in Croatia about OSA was 8.65±3.85 points, out of a possible 18 points. Dental students studying in MEFST presented statistically significant better knowledge (MEFST 10.01±3.52 points) in comparison to students studying in FDMRI (7.92±3.72 points, P

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti i usporediti kvalitetu života ovisnu o oralnom zdravlju (OHRQoL) u ispitanika kojima je po prvi put dijagnosticiran bruksizam u usporedbi s kontrolnim ispitanicima koji taj poremećaj nemaju. Materijali i metode: U ovom istraživanju sudjelovalo je ukupno 69 ispitanika, 38 kojima je dijagnosticiran bruksizam i 31 ispitanik bez tog poremećaja. Istraživanje je provedeno pomoću OHIP-14 upitnika koji su ispitanici ispunjavali nakon provedenog kliničkog pregleda. OHIP-14 upitnik sastojao se od 14 pitanja. Odgovori su zabilježeni na Likertovoj ljestvici u rasponu od 0 (nikad) do 4 (jako često). Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 69 ispitanika od čega 32 (46,4%) žene i 37 (53,6%) muškaraca. Ispitanici su bili podijeljeni u dvije skupine, ispitivana i kontrolna. Prosječna dob ispitanika bila je 25,45±4,89 godina. Ukupna vrijednost zbroja bodova OHIP-14 upitnika u ispitivanoj skupini iznosila je 7,26 ± 5,34 bodova, dok je u kontrolnoj skupini zbroj bio 10,97±10,17 (P = 0,291). Najviši zbroj bodova u obje skupine bio je u kategoriji “Psihološka nelagoda” (ispitivana skupina 2,86±1,84 bodova vs. kontrolna skupina 3,35±2,19 bodova, P=0,061). Zaključak: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su kako nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u kvaliteti života ovisnoj o oralnom zdravlju u ispitanika s bruksizmom i onih koji taj poremećaj nemaju., Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients who were newly diagnosed with bruxism in comparison to those who did not have that condition. Materials and methods: A total of 69 subjects participated in this study, 38 with bruxism and 31 subjects who did not have that condition. The study was conducted using the OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile) questionnaire, which subjects completed after a clinical examination. The OHIP-14 questionnaire consisted of 14 questions. The responses were recorded on a Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (very common). Results: A total of 69 subjects participated in this study, 32 (46.4%) women and 37 (53.6%) men. Subjects were divided in two groups, experimental and control. The average age of subjects was 25.45±4.89 years. The total sum of OHIP-14 scores in the experimental group was 7.26 ± 5.34 points, while in the control group it was 10.97±10.17 (P = 0.291). The highest score was in the category “Psychological discomfort” in both groups (experimental group 2.86±1.84 points vs. control group 3.35±2.19 bodova, P=0.061). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated no significant difference in oral health related quality of life between patients with bruxism and control subjects without that condition.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti i procijeniti OHRQoL u pacijenata kojima su izrađene različite vrste protetskih nadomjestaka u posljednjih šest mjeseci te onih s očuvanim punim zubnim nizom. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 60 ispitanika kojima je izrađen mobilni, fiksni ili implantoprotetski nadomjestak u posljednjih šest mjeseci te 15 ispitanika s punim zubnim nizom bez izrađenih protetskih nadomjestaka koji su činili kontrolnu skupinu. Glavni instrument istraživanja bio je OHIP-CRO14 upitnik koji se sastojao od 14 pitanja podijeljenih u sedam domena: funkcijsko ograničenje, fizička bol, psihološka nelagoda, fizička nesposobnost, psihička nesposobnost, socijalna nesposobnost i hendikep. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 75 ispitanika od čega 46 (61,3%) žena i 29 (38,7%) muškaraca, prosječne dobi 48 godina (21-80 godina). Ispitanici su bili podijeljeni u tri ispitivane skupine (MP – mobilni protetski nadomjestak, 19 ispitanika; FP – fiksni protetski nadomjestak, 24 ispitanika; IMPL – implantoprotetski nadomjestak, 17 ispitanika) i kontrolnu skupinu (n = 15 ispitanika). Ispitanici iz skupine MP bili su značajno stariji (58,3 ± 8,5 godina) od ispitanika iz svih ostalih skupina (kontrolna – 41,7 ± 11,7 godina; FP – 40,8 ± 12,6 godina; IMPL – 49,2 ± 14,9 godina, P, Objective: The aim of this study was to assess OHROoL in patients who underwent prosthodontic treatment within the last six months and to compare it with control subjects with all teeth preserved. Materials and methods: The study involved 60 subjects who underwent removable, fixed or implant supported prostheses within the last six months and 15 control subjects with full dental arch without any prosthodontic treatment. The participants completed OHIP-CRO14 questionnaire which consisted of 14 questions divided into seven domains: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap. Results: There were 75 subjects included in this study, 46 females (61.3%) and 29 males (38.7%), average age of 48 (21-80). They were divided into three experimental groups (MP – removable dental protheses, 19 subjects; FP – fixed dental prostheses, 24 subjects; IMPL – implant dental treatment, 17 subjects) and a control group (N = 15). The subjects from the MP group were significantly older (58.3 ± 8.5 years) from all the other subjects (control group – 41.7 ± 11.7 years; FP – 40.8 ± 12.6 years; IMPL – 49.2 ± 14.9 years, P

Cilj istraživanja: Vaterpolo i ragbi su kontaktni sportovi tijekom kojih je dokazana velika učestalost orofacijalnih i dentalnih ozljeda. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti stavove vaterpolista i ragbijaša o sportskim dentalnim štitnicimate njihove navike korištenja takvih štitnika. Materijali i metode: Ovo istraživanje provedeno je tijekom akademske godine 2018./2019. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 30 mladih sportaša, od čega ih se 16 bavilo vaterpolom, a 14 ragbijem. Sudjelovanje u istraživanju bilo je dobrovoljno, a sastojalo se od dva dijela – izrade individualnih dentalnih štitnika i ispunjavanja anketnog upitnika o poznavanju i korištenju sportskih dentalnih štitnika te procijeni zadovoljstva dentalnim štitnikom korištenjem vizualno-analogne ljestvice (engl. VisualAnalogueScale, VAS)za šest odabranih kategorija (Disanje, Govor, Suhoća usta, Žeđ, Stabilnost, Zadovoljstvo), na početku istraživanja i nakon tri mjeseca. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 30 ispitanika muškog spola, 16 vaterpolista I 14 ragbijaša, prosječne dobi 14 godina (13-15 godina). Dentalni štitnik koristilo je 11 (36,7%) ispitanika i prije uključivanja u ovo istraživanje, a svi su bili ragbijaši. Ragbijašima je značajno češće bilo preporučeno korištenje dentalnih štitnika za prevenciju dentalnih ozljeda tijekom bavljenja sportom (85,7% ragbijaša vs. 43,8% vaterpolista, P=0,026). Tri mjeseca nakon početka istraživanja svi ragbijaši (100%) i 12 (75%) vaterpolista koristili su izrađene individualne dentalne štitnike te ih je jednak broj smatrao da bi dentalni štitnici trebali biti obavezni tijekom bavljenja sportom. S obzirom na zadovoljstvo vaterpolista individualnim dentalnim štitnikom procijenjeno VAS ljestvicom u šest odabranih kategorija nakon tri mjeseca korištenja pokazano je statistički značajno poboljšanje s obzirom na početak istraživanja u dvije kategorije – disanje i govor, dok je među ragbijašima nakon tri mjeseca korištenja pokazano značajno poboljšanje zadovoljstva u svim ispitanim kategorijama osim žeđi. Zaključak:Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da ragbijaši češće koriste dentalne štitnike u odnosu na vaterpoliste. Nakon tri mjeseca korištenja individualnih dentalnih štitnika poboljšala se subjektivna procjena utjecaja dentalnih štitnika na govor i disanje u obje ispitivane skupine. Također, u ragbijaša se značajno poboljšalo zadovoljstvo dentalni štitnicima, dok se u vaterpolista nije mijenjalo., Objective: Water polo and rugby represent contact sports with high incidence of sports-related orofacial and dental injuries. The objective of this research was to evaluate water polo and rugby players’ attitudes and habits about individual mouthguards. Methods:This study was conducted during the academic year 2018/2019. There were 30 young athletes who participated in the study, 16 water polo players and 14 rugby players. Participation was voluntary and consisted of two parts – each athlete was provided with an individual mouthguard and they filled out a questionnaire about their knowledge and use of sport mouthguards. Also, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaire, assessing breathing,communication, oral dryness, thirst, stability and overall satisfaction was administered at the beginning and three months after using mouthguards. Results: There were 30 male participants included in this study, 16 water polo players and 14 rugby players, aged 14 years (13-15 years).Only 11 participants (36.7%) were using a mouthguard prior to the participation in the study, all of them rugby players. Rugby players were more frequently advised for the use of mouthguards(85.7% rugby players vs. 43.8%water polo players, P=0,026).All rugby players and 12 (75%) water polo players used individual mouthguards after three months of the study period and they considered mouthguards should be mandatory during their sport activities, as well. According to the VAS scale assessments after three months of mouthguards use there were statistically significant improvements in water polo players intwo categories – breathing and speech, while there were significant improvements in all categories except thirst in rugby players. Conclusion:Results of this study showed that rugby players used mouthguards more often than water polo players. Subjective evaluation of individual mouthguards impact on breathing and speech improved in both, water polo and rugby players, after three months of use. Overall satisfaction with individual mouthguards improved significantly in rugby players after three months of use, while it did not change in water polo players.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti kognitivne i psihomotoričke sposobnosti između studenata dentalne medicine i medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Materijali i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno među studentima dentalne medicine i medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu tijekom druge i šeste godine studija. Za sudjelovanje u istraživanju pozvan je 81 student, od čega je sudjelovalo 79 studenata. Ukupno je bilo 39 studenata medicine i 40 studenata dentalne medicine. Ispitanici su rješavali tri testa na kompleksnom reakciometru Drenovac (CRD), test CRD 311 (test diskriminacije položaja svjetlosnog signala), test CRD 411 (test operativnog mišljenja) i test CRD 11 (test konvergentnog mišljenja). Dobiveni rezultati analizirani su pomoću parametra: ukupno vrijeme rješavanja testa (UKT), najkraće vrijeme rješavanja jednog zadatka (MinT) te broj pogrešaka na testu (BrPog). Rezultati: Od ukupno 79 studenata koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju bilo je 21 muškarac i 58 žena. Prosječna dob studenata bila je 24 godina (od 23 do 26 godina). Nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika u UKT, MinT i BrPog između studenata druge godine dentalne medicine i medicine na testovima CRD 11, CRD 311 i CRD 411 kao ni između studenata šeste godine dentalne medicine i medicine na testovima CRD 11, CRD 311 i CRD 411. Studenti dentalne medicine za vrijeme svoga fakultetskog obrazovanja postigli su značajno veći napredak u odnosu na studente medicine na testovima CRD 311 i CRD 411 u varijablama MinT i UKT. Promjena u MinT na testu CRD 311 u studenata dentalne medicine bila je 0,04  0,03 s, dok je u studenata medicine iznosila 0,01  0,0 s (P = 0,037). Također, studenti dentalne medicine imali su veću promjenu UKT u odnosu na studente medicine (1,6  0,34 s vs. 0,82  0,18 s, P = 0,005). Na testu CRD 411 studenti medicine na šeste godini studija nisu pokazali napredak u MinT u odnosu na rezultate mjerene na drugu godinu studija (-0,01  0,08 s), za razliku od studenta dentalne medicine u kojih je taj napredak bio statistički značajan (0,03  0,01 s, P = 0,034). Studenti dentalne medicine postigli su veću promjenu u UKT na testu CRD 411 u odnosu na studente medicine (5,03  1,88 s vs. 1,6  2,37 s, P = 0,016). Zaključak: Temeljem rezultata ovog istraživanja zaključeno je da studenti dentalne medicine i medicine imaju podjednake kognitivne i psihomotoričke sposobnosti na početku i na kraju studiranja. Studenti dentalne medicine na kraju svog studiranja imaju veći napredak u odnosu na studente medicine u ukupnom vremenu rješavanja testa i minimalnom vremenu rješavanja pojedinog zadatka na testovima diskriminacije položaja svjetlosnih signala i operativnog mišljenja., Objective: The objective of this study was to compare cognitive and psychomotor skills between dental and medical students at the University of Split School of Medicine. Matherials and Methods: The study was conducted among students of dental medicine and medicine at the University of Split School of Medicine, during the second and sixth year of study. There were 81 students invited to participate in this study, but only 79 were included. There were a total of 39 medical students and 40 dental students. Subjects completed three Complex Reactionmeter Drenovac (CRD) series tests, the CRD 311 test (light signal position discrimination test), the CRD 411 test (operational thinking test), and the CRD 11 test (convergent thinking test). The results obtained were analyzed using threee parameters: total test solving time (UKT), minimum single task solving time (MinT) and number of test errors (BrPog). Results: A total of 79 students participated in the study, of which 21 were men and 58 were women. The average age of the students was 24 years (from 23 to 26 years). There were no statistically significant differences in UKT, MinT, and BrPog between the second year dental and medical students on CRD 11, CRD 311 and CRD 411 tests, nor between the sixth year dental and medical students on CRD 11, CRD 311 and CRD 411 tests. Dental students have made significantly greater progress during their college education than medical students on CRD 311 and CRD 411 tests in the MinT and UKT variables. The change in MinT on the CRD 311 test in dental students was 0.04  0.03 s, while in medical students it was 0.01  0.0 s (P = 0.037). Also, dental students had a greater change in UKT compared to medical students (1.6  0.34 s vs. 0.82  0.18 s, P = 0.005). In the CRD 411 test, medical students at sixth year did not show an improvement in MinT compared to second year students (−0.01  0.08 s), unlike dental students whose progress was statistically significant (0.03  0.01 s, P = 0.034). Dental students achieved a greater change in UKT on the CRD 411 test compared to medical students as well (5.03  1.88 s vs. 1.6  2.37 s, P = 0.016). Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it was concluded that dental students showed better progress in cognitive and psychomotor skills compared to medical students assessed with CRD series tests. They showed better progress in total test solving time and minimum single task solving time on light signal position discrimination test and operational thinking tests, which can be crucial in their professional clinical achievements.

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraţivanja bio je procijeniti učestalost sportskih dentalnih ozljeda i ozljeda glave u nogometaša, kao i njihove stavove o korištenju sportskih dentalnih štitnika. Metode: U istraţivanju je sudjelovalo 120 nogometaša. Podatci su prikupljeni putem upitnika tijekom sezone 2019/2020. Upitnik je sadrţavao 35 pitanja podijeljenih u tri dijela. Prvi dio upitnika sadrţavao je pitanja o dobi, spolu, vremenskom razdoblju bavljenja sportom i pozicijom u igri. Drugi dio upitnika sastojao se od pitanja o ozljedama glave tijekom bavljenja nogometom. U trećem dijelu upitnika sudionici su odgovarali na pitanja o ozljedama općenito te o orofacijalnim i dentalnim ozljedama i njihovoj prevenciji. Rezultati: Prosječna dob ispitanika bila je 16 godina (12-23 godine). Ispitanici su se nogometom prosječno bavili 9 godina (1,5-16 godina). Među igračima je bilo 14 vratara, 38 obrambenih igrača, 36 veznih igrača i 32 napadača. Najčešća orofacijalna ozljeda među nogometašima bila je ozljeda zuba koju je imalo osam igrača (6,6%), što nije bilo statistički značajno (P=0,060). Najčešća dentalna ozljeda među nogometašima bila je fraktura krune zuba koju je imalo sedam igrača (5,8 %), što je bilo statistički značajno više u odnosu na avulziju zuba koju je imao samo jedan igrač (0,8%) (P=0,012). Ni jedan nogometaš uključen u ovo istraţivanje nije koristio dentalni štitnik, a razlozi za nekorištenje bili su različiti, pri čemu je čak 26 nogometaša (21,7%) smatralo kako dentalni štitnik u nogometu nije potreban. Od ukupnog broja nogometaša uključenih u ovo istraţivanje njih 29 (24,2%) imalo je ozljedu glave tijekom igranja nogometa. Među nogometašima s ozljedom glave bilo je pet (35,7%) vratara, devet (23,7%) obrambenih, deset (27,8%) veznih igrača i pet (15,6%) napadača (P=0,466). Ukupno znanje nogometaša o dentalnim traumama, njihovom zbrinjavanju i prevenciji, CKS-DT bilo je 2,33±1,02 bodova te nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između vratara (2,14±1,09 bodova), obrambenih igrača (2,32±1,12 bodova), veznih igrača (2,31±1,06 bodova) i napadača (2,44±0,84 bodova) (P=0,841). Zaključak: Rezultati ovog istraţivanja pokazali su visoku učestalost ozljede glave u nogometaša (29 ispitanika ; 24,2%) te nešto rjeđu učestalost dentalnih ozljeda u nogometaša (8 ispitanika ; 6,7%). Većina njih nije bila svjesna o važnosti prevencije dentalnih ozljeda te nisu koristili dentalne štitinike. Potrebno je podići svijest o upotrebi dentalnih štitinika u nogometu., Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of sports-related dental and traumatic head injuries in football players, as well as their attitudes about the use of dental mouthguards. Methods: The study was conducted among 120 football players. Data were collected using questionnaire during the 2019/2020 playing season. The questionnaire consisted of 35 questions. The first part included questions about age, gender, time of playing experience and position on the field of play. In the second part of the questionnaire participants answered questions about head injuries. The third part comprised of questions concerning general and dental trauma as well as the use of mouthguards. Results: There were 120 soccer players included in this study with the average age of 16 years (12-23 years). The average time of playing experience was nine years (1.5-16 years). There were 14 goalkeepers, 38 defenders, 36 midfield players and 32 forward players. The most common orofacial injury was tooth injury in eight players (6.6%) but it was not statistically significant (P=0.060). The most common tooth injury was crown fracture in seven football players (5.8%) which was statistically significant in relation to tooth avulsion in one player (0.8%) (P=0.012). None of participans included in this study were using mouthguards and 26 of them (21.7%) considered that mouthguard in football was not necessary. There were 29 (24.2%) players who sustained head injury while playing football. Among players with the head injury there were five (35.7%) goalkeepers, nine (23.7%) defenders, ten (27.8%) midfield players and five (15.6%) forward players (P=0.046). Correct knowledge score of dental trauma, CKS-DT, was 2.33±1.02 points and there was no statistically significant difference between goalkeepers (2.14±1.09), defenders (2.32±1.12), midfield players (2.31±1.06) and forward players (2.44±0.84) (P=0.841). Conclusion: The results of this study showed high incidence of head injuries in soccer players (29 participants ; 24.2%) and lower incidence of dental injuries among football players 8 participants ; 6.7%). Most of them were not aware of the importance of prevention of dental injuries and they did not use mouthguards. It is necessary to raise the awareness of dental injuries prevention in soccer by using mouthguards

Cilj istraživanja: Igrači i igračice ragbija imaju visok rizik za nastanak srednje teških traumatskih ozljeda glave kao i dentalnih ozljeda. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio istražiti učestalost tih ozljeda kao i stavove igračica i igrača ragbija o upotrebi dentalnih štitnika. Metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 75 igrača, 32 žene i 43 muškarca. Svi ispitanici bili su amaterski ragbi igrači koji su trenirali pet puta tjedno i igrali u prvoj nacionalnoj Hrvatskoj ragbi ligi i Regionalnoj ragbi ligi. Podatci su prikupljeni putem upitnika tijekom sezone 2018/2019. Upitnik se sastojao od 29 pitanja. Prvi dio uključivao je pitanja o dobi, spolu, vrsti sporta i vremenu igranja. Drugi dio sastojao se od pitanja koja su se odnosila na opću i dentalnu traumu te uporabu dentalnih štitnika za zube. U trećem dijelu upitnika sudionici su odgovorili na pitanja o ozljedama glave. Rezultati: U istraživanje je uključeno 32 igračice (42,6%) i 43 igrača (57,3%) ragbija. Prosječna dob ispitanika bila je 21 godina (16-39 godina). Muškarci su se statistički značajno duže bavili ragbijem (10 godina; 1-24 godine) od žena (5 godina; 1-18 godina) (P, Objective: Rugby players, female and male, have a high risk of traumatic head injuries, as well as sports-related dental injuries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of such injuries, as well as their attitudes about the use of dental mouthguards among female and male rugby players. Methods: The study was conducted among 75 rugby players, 32 women and 43 men. All of the included participants were amateur rugby players practicing rugby five times a week and playing in First National Croatian league and Regional rugby league. Data were collected using questionnaire during the 2018/2019 season. The questionnaire consisted of 29 questions. The first part included questions about age, gender, type of sport and time of playing experience. The second part consisted of questions concerning general and dental trauma and use of mouthguards. In the third part of the questionnaire, participants answered questions about head injuries. Results: This study includes 32 female (42.6%) and 43 male (57.3%) rugby players. The average age of participants was 21 years (16-39 years). Male rugby players were playing rugby significantly longer (10 years; 1-24 years) than female players (5 years; 1-18 years) (P

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je prikupiti podatke o individualnim vrijednostima kuta kondilarnog vođenja, Bennettovog kuta, trenutne translacijske lateralne kretnje oba temporomandibularna zgloba te kutova središnjeg, desnog i lijevog incizalnog vođenja, kako bi ih se moglo usporediti s prosječnim vrijednostima istih. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 56 nasumično izabranih ispitanika. Istraživanje se sastojalo od dva dijela – kliničkog stomatološkog pregleda i mjerenja kinematskim obraznim lukom. Pomoću kinematskog obraznog luka ARCUSDigma (KaVO, Bieberach an den Ries, Njemačka) u računalnom programu "Articulator/Arbitrary axis" svakom ispitaniku zabilježene su kretnje i položaj kondila prilikom kretnji donje čeljusti. Sve kretnje zabilježene su pod utjecajem okluzije. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 56 ispitanika, od čega 26 (46,4%) žena i 30 (53,6%) muškaraca. Prosječna dob muškaraca bila je 23,5 godina (20-28 godina), a žena 24 godine (21-29 godina) (P=0,057). Odstupanja izmjerenih individualnih vrijednosti pojedinih kutova, odrednica temporomandibularog zgloba i kretnji mandibule, od prosječnih vrijednosti za opću populaciju iznosila su za desni kut nagiba kondilne staze 14,9±9,3° (P=0,037); za lijevi kut nagiba kondilne staze 15,4±8,7° (P=0,042); za desni Bennettov kut 6,7±4,8° (P, Objective: The objective of this study was to assess a differences between individual and average values of the sagittal condylar inclination, immediate side shift, Bennett angle, incisal guide angle and lateral anterior guidance angle. Materials and methods: There were 56 randomly selected subjects participated in this study. The study consisted of two parts – clinical assessment and measurements using kinematic ultrasound device ARCUSDigma (KaVO, Bieberach an den Ries, Germany) for measurements of mandibular movements. Software "Articulator/Arbitrary axis" was used for the recordings of those movements and calculations of relevant angles. All measurements were guided by occlusion. Results: There were 56 participants in this study, 26 (46.6%) female and 32 (53.6%) male. Average age of men was 23.5 years (20-28 years), and women 24 years (21-29 years) (P=0,057). The results indicated discrepancies between average and individual measured values of mandibular movements as follows: the right sagittal condylar inclination 14,9°±9,3° (P=0,037); the left sagittal condylar inclination was 15,4°±8,7° (P

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ove studije je utvrditi postoji li povezanost između kognitivnih i psihomotoričkih sposobnosti ispitanih testovima CRD serije i rezultata testa deksterimetrije provedenog među studentima dentalne medicine prilikom upisa na studij i tijekom studija. Materijali i metode: U ovom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 108 ispitanika, 20 muškaraca i 88 žena, u dobi od 20 do 24 godine. Ispitanici su rješavali tri testa CRD serije tijekom nastave na predmetu „Neuroznanost u dentalnoj medicini“ tijekom druge godine studija u tri akademske godine 2013./2014., 2014./2015., 2015./2016., a rezultati su preuzeti iz baze podataka Katedre za neuroznanost. Testovi se temelje na kronometriji, od najjednostavnijih do onih složenijih; CRD311 (test diskriminacije položaja svjetlosnog signala), CRD411 (test kompleksne psihomotoričke koordinacije) i CRD11 (test rješavanja jednostavnih aritmetičkih operacija). Parametri koji su obrađeni u rezultatima su ukupno vrijeme rješavanja testa (TST), najkraće vrijeme rješavanja jednog zadatka (MinT), ukupni balast (UB), početni balast (SB; izgubljeno vrijeme u prvoj polovici testa), završni balast (ZB; izgubljeno vrijeme u drugoj polovici testa), te broj pogrešaka na testu (BrPog), mjera zamorljivosti (D1). Test O’Connorovim testom deksterimetrije, izmjereno je vrijeme reakcije u sekundama. Rezultati su preuzeti iz pismohrane iz studentske referade Studija dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Rezultati: U testu CRD311 muškarci su u odnosu na žene bili u prosjeku 0,9 sekunda brži u ukupnom vremenu rješavanja testa (UKT) (26,80 ± 1,83 s vs. 27,93 ± 2,03 s; P = 0,027) i imali su 0,03 sekunda kraće minimalno vrijeme za rješavanje pojedinačnog zadatka (MinT) (0,31± 0,04 s vs. 0,34 ± 0,04 s; P = 0,028). Također, nisu se razlikovali u zamoru tijekom testa mjerenom balastima, u startnom (4,10 ± 0,73 s vs. 4,02 ± 1,07 s; P = 0,715), završnom (3,92 ± 0,63 s vs. 3,78± 1,19 s; P = 0,501) i ukupnom balastu (8,03 ± 1,23 s vs. 7,82 ± 2,11 s; P = 0,572). Na testu CRD411 kao i testu CRD11 nisu pronađene značajne razlike između muškaraca i žena u niti jednom od promatranih parametara. Niti jedan od testova CRD serije nije se razlikovao u promatranim parametrima (UKT, MinT, UB, SB, ZB, BrPog) i vremenu rješavanja O’Connor testa. Ipak, kada se istražila povezanost spola i vremena postignutih u testovima CRD serije i O’Connor testa jedino smo u mjeri zamorljivosti (D1) pronašli značajnu razliku u muškaraca u odnosu na žene (P=0,043). Zaključak: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da se muškarci i žene razlikuju jedino u ukupnom vremenu rješavanja i minimalnom vremenu potrebnom za rješavanja testa diskriminacije položaja svjetlosnog signala (test CRD311). Nadalje, rezultati našeg istraživanja pokazuju da ne postoji statistički značajna povezanost između deksterimetrijskog mjerenja brzine reakcije i testova CRD serije., Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between the psychomotor abilities tested by the Complex Reactiometer Drenovac (CRD) series tests and the results of the test of dexterimetry conducted among dental medicine students. Materials and methods: In this study, 108 respondents, 20 men and 88 women, aged 20 to 24, participated. Respondents solved three CRD series tests during the course "Neuroscience in Dental Medicine" during the second year of studies in the three academic years 2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and the results were collected from the Department of Neuroscience database. Tests are based on chronometry, from the simplest to the more complex ones; CRD311 (Light Signal Position Discrimination Test), CRD411 (Complex Psychomotor Coordination Test), and CRD11 (Simple Arithmetic Solution Testing). The parameters analyzed were: the total test solving time (TST), the minimum single task solving time (MinT), total ballast (UB), start ballast (SB), end ballast (ZB), and number of test errors and initial dissociation (D1). O'Connor dexterimetry test, has also been applied in this study. The results of the O'Connor dexterimetry test were taken from the archive of the Student Office of the Study of Dental Medicine at the University of Split School of Medicine in Split. Results: In the CRD311 test, men were 0.9 seconds faster in the overall test-time (UKT) (26.80 ± 1.83 vs. 27.93 ± 2.03 s, P = 0.027) and had 0.03 seconds shorter minimum time for solving individual task (MinT) (0.31 ± 0.04 s vs. 0.34 ± 0.04 s; P = 0.028) compared to women. Also, they did not differ in fatigue during the test ballast measured at start (4.10 ± 0.73 s vs. 4.02 ± 1.07 s, P = 0.715), final (3.92 ± 0.632 s vs. 3.78 ± 1.190 s; P = 0.501) and total ballast (8.03 ± 1.23 s vs. 7.82 ± 2.11 s; P = 0.572) compared to women. No significant differences were found between CRD411 and CRD11 in men and women in none of the observed parameters. None of the CRD series tests differed in the observed parameters (UKT, MinT, UB, SB, ZB, BrPog) and the results of the O’Connor test. However, when we investigated gender and age correlations between CRD series tests and O’Connor tests, we found only a significant correlation between the tests in women in the D1 parameter of initial dissociation. Conclusion: Significant statistical correlation was found between the results of the CRD311 series test between men and women in the overall test time and minimum resolution time. This study showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the dexterimetry measurement and the CRD series.

Cilj istraživanja: Svrha istraživanja bila je utvrditi razliku između parametara kranijalne baze, maksile, mandibule i dentoalveolarnih parametara između klase I, klase II potklase 1, klase II potklase 2 i klase III. Materijali i metode: U ispitivanju su korištene 43 laterolateralna rendgenograma glave ispitanika snimljena prije ortodontske terapije. Kefalometrijska obrada provedena je u računalnom programu AudaxCeph (Audax, Ljubljana, Slovenija) korištenjem Zagreb 82 i Ricketts analize. Za svakog ispitanika su mjerene 24 linearne i kutne varijable. Rezultati: Nema statistički značajne razlike među mjerenim parametrima kranijalne baze unutar pojedinih skeletnih klasa. Duljina korpusa maksile (SNA-SNP) ne pokazuje statistički značajnu razliku između ispitivanih skeletnih klasa (51,22±3,27 mm vs 52,29±3,70 mm vs 53,04±2,00 mm; P=0,068), dok duljina korpusa mandibule (Me-Go) pokazuje statistički značajnu razliku između skeletne klase II i skeletne klase III (64,19±4,90 mm vs 70,81±5,08 mm; P=0,039). Vrijednost interincizalnog kuta u ispitanika sa skeletnom klasom II/1 su manje, a u ispitanika sa skeletnom klasom II/2 i skeletnom klasom III veće u usporedbi s ispitanicima sa skeletnom klasom I (119,01±7,07° vs 145,77±7,37° vs 138,54±5,73 ° vs 129,02±11,82°; P, Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the difference between cranial bases, maxilla, mandible, and dentoalveolar parameters between class I, class II/1, class II/2, and class III. Materials and Methods: In this study there were forty-three laterolateral head roentgenogram of participants captured before starting orthodontic therapy used. Cephalometric processing was performed in the AudaxCeph (Audax, Ljubljana, Slovenija) using Zagreb 82 and Ricketts analysis. Twenty-four linear and angular variables were measured for each subject. Results: There were no statistically significant difference between the measured cranial base parameters within the individual skeletal classes. The length of maxilla corpus (SNA-SNP) showed no statistically significant difference between the skeletal classes (51.22±3.27 mm vs 52.29±3.51 mm vs 56.11±3.70 mm vs 53.04±2.00 mm; P=0,068), while the length of mandible corpus (Me-Go) showed a statistically significant difference between skeletal class II and skeletal class III (64.19±4.90 mm vs 70.81±5.08 mm; P=0.039). The value of the interincisal angle was lower in participants with skeletal class II/1 and higher in participants with skeletal class II/2 and skeletal class III compared to participants with skeletal class I (119.01±7.07° vs 145.77±7.37° vs 138.54±5.73° vs 129.02±11.82°; P

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti znanje i stavove nogometnih trenera o sportskim dentalnim ozljedama te o njihovom hitnom zbrinjavanju i prevenciji, ovisno o stupnju njihovog obrazovanja. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 127 nogometnih trenera. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom stručnog seminara za nogometne trenere „SREDIŠTA SPLIT“ Hrvatskog nogometnog saveza održanom u Splitu, 20. kolovoza 2018., a korišten je upitnik o sportskim dentalnim ozljedama, postupcima hitnog zbrinjavanja takvih ozljeda i o njihovoj prevenciji. Ukupno znanje nogometnih trenera o dentalnim traumama, njihovom zbrinjavanju i prevenciji (CKS-DT) izračunato je na temelju zbroja točnih odgovora na pet pitanja te je tako dobiven rezultat od 0 do 6 bodova. Rezultati: U istraživanje je uključeno 127 ispitanika, nogometnih trenera muškog spola. Prosječna dob ispitanika je bila 42 godine (25-69 godina), a svi su se ispitanici bavili nogometom, u prosjeku 20 godina (5-56 godina). Od ukupnog broja 60 trenera je bilo sa srednjom stručnom spremom (47,2%), a s višom ili visokom stručnom spremom 67 (52,8%). Ukupno znanje nogometnih trenera o dentalnim traumama, njihovom zbrinjavanju i prevenciji, CKS-DT bilo je 1,7±1,3 bodova, pri čemu su ispitanici s višom i visokom stručnom spremom imali statistički značajno bolje znanje od ispitanika sa srednjom stručnom spremom (VŠS i VSS 2,0±1,3 vs. SSS 1,5±1,3 bodova, P, Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes about dental trauma and the emergency procedures among soccer coaches, as well as their attitudes about the prevention of dental trauma, depending on their level of professional education. Materials and methods: A total of 127 soccer coaches participated in this study. The questionnaire about sports-related dental trauma, emergency procedures and dental trauma prevention was distributed to the participants during the licence renewal seminar for soccer coaches organized by the Croatian Football Federation in Split, Croatia. Results: There were 127 male soccer coaches involved in the study, with the average age of 42 years (25-69 years) and all of them were soccer active, 20 years (5-56 years) in average. Out of all participants there were 60 coaches (47.2%) with only high school education and 67 (52.8%) of them with bachelor’s or master’s degree. Correct knowledge score of dental trauma, CKS-DT, was 1.7±1.3 points, whereas coaches with bachelor’s or master’s degree showed better knowledge in comparisone to those with only high school education (2.0±1.3 vs. 1.5±1.3 points, P

Cilj: Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi stavove o opravdanosti primjene antibiotika u endodonciji na području Republike Hrvatske. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje koje je uključilo doktore dentalne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj u razdoblju od početka svibnja do kraja kolovoza 2018. godine. Istraživanje je temeljeno na on-line anketnom upitniku kojeg su ispitanici anonimno ispunjavali. Prvo pitanje odnosilo se na ispitanikovu dob, dok se su se ostala pitanja bazirala na različite kliničke slučajeve u kojima su ispitanici dali svoja mišljenja o mogućem propisivanju antibiotika. Istraživanje je odobrilo Etičko povjerenstvo Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Rezultati: Ispunjena je ukupno 141 on-line anketa. Kada su u pitanju zdravi pacijenti, 7,09% ispitanika propisalo bi antibiotik za simptomatski ireverzibilni pulpitis, a 2,13% za polip pulpe. Prethodno endodontskom zahvatu u svrhu izjegavanja postoperativnih komplikacija, 3,55% ispitanika propisalo bi antibiotik za pulpitis, 12,05% za nekrozu pulpe, a 19,85% za kronični apikalni parodontitis. 56,73% ispitanika propisalo bi antibiotik za lokaliziranu fluktuirajuću oteklinu bez pojave sistemskih znakova infekcije (povišene temperature i limfadenopatije). U slučaju boli unutar tri dana nakon uspješno obavljenog endodontskog zahvata, antibiotik bi propisalo 12,05% ispitanika, a u slučaju postojanja fistule koja ne prolazi unatoč višeposjetnom endodontskom liječenju 48,22% ispitanika. Rizičnim pacijentima prilikom trepanacije zubne pulpe, antibiotsku profilaksu propisalo bi 41,84% ispitanika, prilikom pleksus anestezije 9,93%, a prilikom provodne anestezije 16,32%. Prije intraligamentarne anestezije antibiotsku profilaksu rizičnim pacijentima propisalo bi 34,04% ispitanika. Pacijente s oštećenim ili kongenitalno malformiranim srčanim zaliscima, indikacijom za profilaksu smatra 70,21% ispitanika, a pacijente s umjetnim zglobom kuka 28,36%. Nekoliko ispitanika propisalo bi antibiotik unutar dvije godine od ugradnje proteze. Pacijentima na imunosupresivnoj terapiji antibiotik bi profilaktički propisalo 54,6% ispitanika. Zaključci: Ovo istraživanje ukazuje na navike ispitanika koje nisu u skladu s najnovijim smjernicama o propisivanju antibiotika u endodonciji. Terapijsko propisivanje antibiotika je prekomjerno dok se antibiotska profilaksa u rizičnih pacijenata za određene slučajeve ne provodi u dovoljnoj mjeri., Objective: The main purpose of this research was to determine attitudes of dental medicine doctors in Croatia regarding the proper use of antibiotic in endodontics. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study included dental practitioners in Republic of Croatia from the beginning of May to the end of August 2018. The research was based on an online questionnaire in which participants filled out their answers anonymously. The first question referred to the respondent's age, while the other questions were based on a different clinical cases in which respondents gave their opinions about possible antibiotic prescribing. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Split School of Medicine. Results: A total of 141 online surveys were completed. 7.09% of respondents would prescribe an antimicrobial therapy for symptomatically irreversible pulpitis and 2.13% for pulp polyp for healthy patients. Prior to endodontic treatment, in addition to avoid postoperative complications, 3.55% of respondents would prescribe antibiotics for pulpitis, 12.05% for pulp necrosis and 19.85% for chronic apical periodontitis. 56.73% of respondents would prescribe an antibiotic for localized fluctuating swelling without the appearance of systemic signs of infection (elevated body temperature and lymphadenopathy). In the case of pain, within three days of successfully completed endodontic treatment, an antibiotic would be prescribed by 12.05% of dentists and in the case of fistula that persists despite the multipath endodontic treatment, 48.22% of dentists. For the purpose of dental pulp trepanation in immunocompromised patients, antibiotic prophylaxis would be prescribed by 41.84% of respondents, during infiltration anesthesia 9.93% and during block anesthesia 16.32%. Before intraligmental anesthesia, antibiotic prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients would be prescribed by 34.04% of respondents. Patients with damaged or congenital valvular malformations are considered to be indication for antibiotic prophylaxis by 70.21% of the respondents and patients with hip joint prosthesis by 28.36%. Few respondents would prescribe antibiotics within two years of joint operation. To the patients on immunosuppressive therapy, antibiotic would prophylactically be prescribed by 54.6% of the respondents. Conclusions: This study shows that attitudes of respondents are not in line with the latest guidelines on prescribing antibiotics in endodontics. Therapeutic prescribing of antibiotics is excessive while antibiotic prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients in certain cases is not sufficiently implemented.

Cilj: Dijagnostički postupci kojima se može uspješno odrediti jeli osoba punoljetna ili maloljetna imaju važnost u forenzičkim i pravnim postupcima kada je nepoznat identitet ili dob osobe. Treći kutnjaci su jedini trajni zubi koji mogu biti u razvoju kada osoba navršava punoljetnost ili 18 godina. Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti primjenu Demirjianovih stadija mineralizacije trećih kutnjaka za odvajanje punoljetnih (starijih od 18 godina) od maloljetnih (mlađih od 18 godina) ispitanika. Materijali i metode: Uzorak se sastojao od 624 nasumično odabranih ortopantomografskih snimki pojedinaca starosti između 13 i 24 godine. Razvoj trećih donjih kutnjaka lijeve strane je procijenjen metodom po Demirjianu. Unutar-istraživačka i među-istraživačka ponovljivost procijenjenih razvojnih stadija po Demirjianusu testirani Kappa koeficijentima na 30 nasumično odabranih snimaka. Za Demirjianove razvojne stadije,u kojih je kronološka dob bila 18 i više godina, izračunate su vrijednosti testa pomoću 2x2 kontigencijskih tablica za svaki spol. Izračunata je točnost, osjetljivosti (Se), specifičnosti (Sp), pozitivna i negativna prediktivna vrijednost, pozitivni (LR+) i negativni (LR-) omjera vjerojatnosti i Bayesova vjerojatnost nakon testa. Rezultati: Demirjianov stadij razvoja trećeg kutnjaka G je najtočnije odvajao punoljetne i maloljetne ispitanike u oba spola. Za stadij G, u muškaraca točnost je bila 91,5%, specifičnost (Sp) 86,6% i osjetljivost (Se) 95,2%.Pozitivna i negativna prediktivna vrijednost bile su 90,3% i 93,2%, dok su LR + i LR- bile 7,11 i 0,055. Za stadij G u ženskih osoba točnost je bila 93,9%, rezultati Sp i Se su bili 92,2% i 95,5%. Pozitivna i negativna prediktivna vrijednost bile su 93,4% i 94,6%, dok su LR + i LR- bile 12,17 i 0,05. Bayesova vjerojatnost nakon testa je bila 91,1% i 94,6% u muškaraca i žena. Specifičnost testa od 100% odnosno sigurnost da niti jedna maloljetna osoba neće biti svrstana u grupu punoljetnih postiže Demirjianov stadij H u oba spola. Zaključak: Rezultati mineralizacije trećih kutnjaka u istraženom uzorku pokazali su da dosegnuti Demirjianov razvojni stadij Gmože s velikom pouzdanošću pomoći u odvajanju punoljetnih od maloljetnih ispitanika., Objective: Diagnostic procedures that can successfully determine whether an adult or minor is of importance in forensic and legal proceedings when an unknown identity or age is unknown. The third molar is the only permanent tooth that may be developing when the person reaches the age of 18 or over. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Demirjian'sstages of mineralization of the third molars for the separation of adults (aged 18 years and over) of minors (under 18 years of age). Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 624 randomly selected orthopantomographic images of individuals aged between 13 and 24 years. The development of the third mandibular molars on the left side was evaluated by the Demirjian method. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of estimated development stages by Demirjian were tested by Kappa coefficients on 30 randomly selected images. For Demirjian's developmental stage, with chronological age 18 years and over, test values were calculated using 2x2 contingency tables for each gender. The accuracy, sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive value, positive and negative probability ratios and Bayesian post-test probability were calculated. Results:Demirjian's stage of development of the third molar G was the most precise to separate adults from minors in both genders. In males, for G, accuracy was 91.5%, 86.6% specificity (Sp) and 95.2% sensitivity (Se). Positive and negative predictive values were 90.3% and 93.2%, while LR + and LR- were 7.11 and 0.055. In females, for stage G stage, the accuracy was 93.9%, Sp and Se scores were 92.2% and 95.5%. Positive and negative predictive values were 93.4% and 94.6%, while LR + and LR- were 12.17 and 0.05. Bayesian post-test probabilitieswere91.1% and 94.6% in males and females. Additionally, 100% specificity of the test or the protection that no minor will be placed in anadult group was achievedbyDemirjian's H stage in both genders. Conclusion: The results of the mineralization of the third molars in the tested sample have shown that reaching Demirjian's developmental stage G can help segregation of adults from minors with great certainty in the tested population.

Ciljevi: Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su ispitati postoji li razlika u učestalosti pojave patoloških promjena na oralnoj sluznici te prisutnosti subjektivnih simptoma u usnoj šupljini između ispitanika s GERB-om i ispitanika kontrolne skupine (bez GERB-a). Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je obavljeno uspoređujući ispitnu skupinu, koju je činilo 18 ispitanika s dijagnosticiranim GERB-om, i kontrolnu skupinu od 18 zdravih ispitanika. Anamnestički su uzeti podatci svakog ispitanika o dobi, spolu, svakodnevnim navikama konzumiranja cigareta, alkohola i kave. Nakon obavljene ezofagoduodenoskopije na odjelu za gastroenterologiju i hepatologiju KBC-a Split, ispitanici kojima je potvrđena dijagnoza GERB-a uključeni su u ispitnu skupinu. Kliničkim pregledom svim je ispitanicima detaljno pregledana usna šupljina. Zabilježene su patološke promjene i njihova lokalizacija. Svi ispitanici su dali podatke o subjektivnim simptomima pečenja i/ili boli u usnoj šupljini. Rezultati: Učestalost pojave patoloških lezija na sluznici usne šupljine bila je statistički značajno veća (P = 0,003) u oboljelih od GERB-a, kao i pojava subjektivnih simptoma (P = 0,008). Od patoloških promjena na sluznici usne šupljine najčešće se javljao eritem (33,33 %), dok su kao lokalizacija najzastupljeniji bili nepčani lukovi (66,67 %). Korelacija između svakodnevnih navika (konzumiranja alkohola, cigareta i kave) i patoloških lezija na sluznici usne šupljine u oboljelih od GERB-a nije pokazala statističku značajnost. Zaključci: Patološke promjene na sluznici usne šupljine bile su učestalije u ispitanika oboljelih od GERB-a u odnosu na kontrolne ispitanike. Subjektivne smetnje u usnoj šupljini bile su značajno izraženije u ispitanika s GERB-om, dok se povezanost između tih smetnji i svakodnevnih navika konzumiranja cigareta, kave i alkohola nije pokazala značajnom., Objectives: The main objectives of this research were to investigate if there was a difference between the frequency of pathological changes in oral mucosa and the presence of subjective symptoms in oral cavity between the study group (subjects diagnosed with GERD) and the control group (withouth GERD). Materials and methods: The research was conducted by comparing the study group consisting of 18 subjects diagnosed with GERD and the control group of 18 healthy individuals. Anamnestic data was collected for all of the individuals, including age, gender and everyday habits, such as consuming cigarettes, alcohol and coffee. After conducting the esophagogastroduodenoscopy at University Hospital Split, the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, subjects who had been diagnosed with GERD were included in the study group. All the included subjects underwent detail clinical examination of the oral cavity. Pathological changes and their localization have been recorded and all of the subjects provided information about subjective symptoms of stinging and/or pain in the oral cavity. Results: The mean value of the pathological lesions on the oral mucosa was statistically significantly higher (P = 0.003) in the group of patients diagnosed with GERD, as well as the appearance of subjective symptoms (P = 0.008). The most common pathological change on the oral cavity mucosa in the study group was erythema (33.33%), while the most common localization were palatal arches (66.67%). Correlation between daily habits (consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and coffee) and pathological lesions on the oral cavity mucosa in examinees with GERD was not significant. Conclusions: Previous findings have shown that there is a correlation between gastroesophageal reflux and the appearance of pathological changes on the oral cavity mucosa which was also shown in this study. Subjective symptoms in the oral cavity were significantly more pronounced in subjects diagnosed with GERD, while there was no association between those nuisances and daily habits of consuming alcohol, cigarettes and coffee.

Cilj: Klorirana bazenska voda, uz utjecaj ostalih rizičnih čimbenicika, može u plivača rezultirati promjenama na zubima u obliku dentalne erozije. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti učestalost dentalne erozije u djece plivača izloženih kloriranoj bazenskoj vodi te usporediti učestalost intrinzičnih i ekstrinzičnih rizičnih čimbenika u ispitanika bez dentalne erozije i onih s dentalnom erozijom. Materijali i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno među djecom plivačima u Splitu koji treniraju u bazenu s kloriranom vodom najmanje 1h/dan pet dana tjedno, dulje od godine dana. Za sudjelovanje u istraživanju pozvano je 29 plivača od čega je sudjelovalo 25 ispitanika, a sastojalo se od dva dijela – kliničkog stomatološkog pregleda i upitnika o rizičnim čimbenicima za nastanak dentalne erozije te oralno-higijenskim i prehrambenim navikama djece plivača. Tijekom stomatološkog pregleda koristio se standardni stomatološki instrumentarij (ogledalo i sonda), komprimirani zrak uz umjetno osvjetljenje. Promjene na površini cakline zuba vrednovane su prema Lussi indeksu. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 25 ispitanika od kojih je bilo 15 dječaka (60%) i 10 djevojčica (40%). Prosječna dob ispitanika bila je 13 godina (11-16 godina), a prosječno vrijeme bavljenja sportom bilo je 6 godina (2-12 godina). Od ukupnog broja ispitanika njih 12 (48%) imalo je promjene na zubima koje su se klasificirale kao dentalna erozija. Promjene su bile učestalije u dječaka (53,3%) nego u djevojčica (40%), ali razlika nije bila značajna. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika s dentalnom erozijom njih 66,7% treniralo je dulje od pet godina te je 83,3% djece plivača s dentalnom erozijom provelo više od šest sati tjedno u bazenu. Nije bilo značajne razlike u učestalosti rizičnih čibenika između ispitanika bez dentalne erozije i onih s dentalnom erozijom. Zaključak: Ovo istraživanje upotpunilo je dosadašnje spoznaje o učestalosti dentalne erozije u djece plivača izloženih klorirnoj bazenskoj vodi te je pokazalo kako postoji povezanost dentalne erozije u plivača izloženih kloriranoj bazenskoj vodi s duljinom treniranja i vremenom provedenim u bazenu tjedno., Objectives: Chlorinated swimming pool water combined with other risk factors can cause dental erosion in young swimmers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurence of dental erosion in young swimmers exposed to chlorinated swimming pool water and to compare the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors in swimmers without dental erosion and those with dental erosion. Material and methods: The study was conducted among young swimmers in Split, Croatia who practiced in a swimming pool with chlorinated water at least 1h / day five days a week, for more than a year. There were 29 young swimmers invited to participate in this study but only 25 were included. The study consisted of two parts – clinical dental examination and a standardized questionnaire about risk factors for dental erosion, oral-hygienic and nutritional habits of young swimmers. During the dental examination, standard dental instruments (mirror and probe), compressed air with artificial illumination were used. Lussi index was applied to record dental erosion. Results: There were 25 young swimmers included in this study; 15 boys (60%) and 10 girls (40%), aged 13 years (11-16 years), and the average time of participating in sport was 6 years (2-12 years). Dental erosion was found in 12 (48%) participants. Changes were more frequent in boys (53,3%) than in girls (40%), but the difference was not significant. The training period of four subjects (33.3%) with dental erosion did not exceed 5 years, while eight respondents (66.7%) with confirmed changes were training for more than 5 years. Out of the total number of subjects with dental erosion 83.3% spent more than six hours weekly in the swimming pool. There were no significant differences in analyzed risk factors between the participants without and with dental erosion. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that dental erosion occurred in young swimmers and it was associated with the time spent in the swimming pool weekly as well as with the duration of participating swimming.

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj studije bio je procijeniti razinu znanja i prakse kod ubodnih i ekspozicijskih incidenata, te učestalost istih u hrvatskih studenata i doktora dentalne medicine. Materijali i metode: Presječna studija provedena je na 419 doktora i 311 studenata dentalne medicine. Podaci su skupljani preko strukturiranog online upitnika koji je ispitivao njihovo znanje, stavove i praksu vezano uz ubodne i ekspozicijske incidente. Rezultati: Doktori dentalne medicine koji poznaju profilaktičke mjere koje se provode nakon ubodnog i ekspozicijskog incidenta imaju manju učestalost istih (101 vs. 121, P=0,001) te ih češće prijavljuju (9 vs. 20, P=0.016). Studenti viših godina imaju veću učestalost ekspozicijskih incidenata (13, 32 vs. 34, 12, P=0,009), kao i oni studenti koji u svom radu imaju naviku vraćanja kapice na korištenu iglu (2 vs. 77, P=0,021). Zaključak: Rezultati ove studije potvrđuju kako studenti i doktori dentalne medicine imaju iskustvo većeg broja ubodnih i ekspozicijskih incidenata nego prijave. Stoga treba staviti veći naglasak na trening i upoznavanje predekspozicijski i postekspozicijskih preventivnih mjera među dentalnim djelatnicima., Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and practice of needle stick injuries and other accidental exposure incidents, and to estimate the incidence of them among Croatian dental students and dentists. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional survey was conducted among 419 dentists, and 311 dental students. The data were recorded on a structured on-line questionnaire to elicit the level of knowledge, awareness and practice towards practice needle stick incidents injuries and other accidental exposures. Results: Dentists who knew the post exposure prophylactic measures had a lover incidence of practice needle stick injuries and other accidental exposures incidents (101 vs. 121, P=0.001), and more often reported them (9 vs 20, P=0.016). Senior students had a higher incidence of exposure incidents (13, 32 vs. 34, P=0.009), and those who have the habit of recapping the needle (2 vs. 77, P=0.021). Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that dentists and dental students experience more needle stick incidents and other accidental exposures than the reported number. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on training and knowledge of pre-exposure and post-exposure preventive measures among dental practitioners.

Cilj: Analizirati je li rizik od pristranosti (engl. risk of bias, RoB) prosudbi za prikrivanje razvrstavanja u Cochrane sustavnim pregledima (engl. Cochrane systematic review, CSR) u skladu s preporukama iz Cochraneovog priručnika za izradu sustavnih pregleda o intervencijama. Metode: Provedena je presječna retrospektivna analiza metodologije CSR-ova. Dva autora samostalno su pregledali skupinu naslova / sažetaka CSR-a i odabrali su CSR-ove koji analiziraju intervencije. Za svaku CSR izdvojeni su podatci o uredničkoj skupini u okviru koje su izrađeni, broju uključenih RCT-a, prosudbe i komentare o prikrivanju razvrstavanja za svaki uključeni RCT te jesu li kontaktirali autore RCT-a kako bi se dobile dodatne informacije o analiziranoj RoB domeni. Jedan je autor izdvojio podatke, a drugi autor je provjerio 10% svih podataka. Rezultati: Analizirane su prosudbe i komentari iz 721 CSR-a u kojima je bilo uključeno 10280 kliničkih ispitivanja. Slijedom smjernica Cochraneovog priručnika, utvrđeno je da su prosudbe za prikrivanje razvrstavanja bile točne za 7324 (71%) RCT-a i pogrešne za 2928 (29%) RCT-a. Većina pogrešaka pronađena je u ispitivanjima u kojima je RoB za prikrivanje razvrstavanja ocijenjen kao nizak, takvih je bilo 2693 (92%) RCT-ova, a radilo se o objašnjenjima koja se ne smatraju niskim RoB, na temelju naputaka iz Cochraneovog priručnika. Kategorije su podupirale komentare za RoB povezane s prikrivanjem razvrstavanja u 295 kategorija. Najčešće korištene kategorije popratnih komentara opisivale su prikrivanje razvrstavanja uz pomoć korištenja omotnica. Takvih je kategorija pronađeno 66, i u njima se opisuju RoB procjene iz 1529 (15%) analiziranih RCT-ova. Samo jedna od tih 66 kategorija trebala je biti ocijenjena kao nizak RoB za prikrivanje razvrstavanja, a to je kategorija koja opisuje sve komponente točne metodologije korištenja omotnica za prikrivanje razvrstavanja, u skladu s preporukama iz Cochraneovog priručnika. Dvadeset kategorija popratnih komentara, uključujući 642 ispitivanja, odnosile su se na randomizaciju, a ne na prikrivanje razvrstavanja. U CSR-ovima koji su provedeni u Cochraneovoj uredničkoj skupini za oralno zdravlje (engl. Cochrane Oral Health Group, COHG) uočena je statistički značajno veća prevalencija pogrešnih procjena rizika od pristranosti za prikrivanje razvrstavanja u odnosu na ostale Cochrane sustavne preglede analizirane u ovom istraživanju; pogreške su bile dvostruko češće u COHG sustavnim pregledima u odnosu na ostale. Zaključak: Gotovo trećina pokusa RoB-a vezana uz prikrivanje razvrstavanja u Cochraneovim sustavnim pregledima nije u skladu s preporukama iz Cochraneovog priručnika, a učestalost tih pogrešaka bila je dvostruko veća u sustavnim pregledima iz područja dentalne medicine. Nužne su intervencije koje će poboljšati primjerenost RoB prosudbi u Cochraneovim sustavnim pregledima., Aim: To analyze whether the risk of bias (RoB) judgments for allocation concealment in Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) were in line with recommendations from the Cochrane Handbook. Methods: This was retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Two authors independently screened a cohort of titles/abstracts of CSRs and selected CSRs of interventions. For each CSR we extracted data about the number of RCTs included, Cochrane review group, judgments and comments about allocation concealment for each included RCT, and whether RCT authors were contacted to get information about this RoB domain. One author extracted data and the second author verified 10% of all extractions. Results: We analyzed judgments and comments of 721 Cochrane systematic reviews in which 10280 clinical trials were included. By following the Cochrane Handbook guidance, we found that judgments for allocation concealment were erroneous for 2928 (29%) trials. Majority of errors were made for trials were RoB judged as low (2693 trials; 92%).We categorized supporting comments for RoB associated with allocation concealment in 295 categories. The most commonly used categories of explanatory comments described using envelopes as a method of allocation concealment; there were 66 envelope-related categories, describing RoB assessments from 1529 (15%) of the analyzed RCTs. Only one of those 66 categories should have been rated as low RoB for allocation concealment, the one describing sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes (SNOSE), in line with the recommendations from the Cochrane Handbook. Twenty categories of supporting comments, including 642 trials, were related to randomization, not allocation concealment. Errors in RoB judgment for allocation concealment were twice as common in CSRs published by the Cochrane Oral Health Group (COHG) compared to other review groups (28% vs 55%; p

Cilj: U današnje vrijeme sport i sportska aktivnost je važna sastavnica čovjekove svakodnevice. Zahvaljujući porastu popularnosti i sve učestalijem bavljenju sportom, osobito u djece i mladih, povećala se i učestalost ozljeda. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti stavove i znanja sportskih trenera o dentalnim ozljedama, o postupcima hitnog zbrinjavanja te o njihovoj prevenciji. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 437 sportskih trenera iz tri različita sporta – vaterpolo, rukomet i karate. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom stručnih seminara za trenere, a korišten je upitnik o sportskim dentalnim ozljedama, postupcima hitnog zbrinjavanja takvih ozljeda i o njihovoj prevenciji. Rezultati: U istraživanje je uključeno 437 ispitanika, trenera u tri različita sporta – vaterpolo (n=51), rukomet (n=262) i karate (n=124), od čega je bilo 328 (75,1%) muškaraca i 109 (24,9%) žena. Prosječna dob ispitanika bila je 40,2±11,7 godina, a prosječno vrijeme trenerskog staža bilo je 12,1±9,5 godina. Tijekom svog trenerskog staža, 383 (87,6%) trenera vidjelo je ozljedu zuba ili lica. Među svim ispitanicima njih 24,7% znalo je što je avulzija zuba, 31,4% trenera znalo je da postoji sredstvo za čuvanje izbijenog zuba dok bi 68,2% trenera izbijeni zub zamotalo u maramicu do odlaska doktoru dentalne medicine. Korištenje dentalnog štitnika svojim sportašima preporučuje 341 (78%) trener. Zaključak: Temeljem rezultata ovog istraživanja zaključeno je da sportski treneri vaterpola, rukometa i karatea nemaju dovoljno znanja o dentalnim traumama, postupcima hitnog zbrinjavanja te o njihovoj prevenciji tijekom sportske aktivnosti., Objective: Sports activity is an important segment of everyday life. Growing popularity and frequency of sports activities in children and adolescents nowdays, increase the occurence of sports-related dental injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes about dental trauma and the emergency procedures in sports coaches, as well as their attitudes about the prevention of dental trauma. Materials and methods: A total of 437 sports coaches from three different sports (water polo, handball, karate) participated in the study. The study was conducted during the licence renewal seminars using the questionnaire about sports-related dental trauma, emergency procedures and dental trauma prevention. Results: There were 437 subjects involved in the study, coaches in three different sports – water polo (n=51), handball (n=262) and karate (n=124). There were 328 (75.1%) men and 109 (24.9%) women with the average age of 40.2±11.7 years and the average coaching experience of 12.1±9.5 years. During their coaching experience 383 (87.6%) coaches witnessed dental or facial injury. Only 24.7% coaches knew what the tooth avulsion was, 31.4% of them were aware of the tooth rescue box, while 68.2% coaches would place the avulsed tooth in a dry wipe until the professional dental procedure. Dental mouthguards were recommended to the athletes by 341 (78%) coaches. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it was suggested that water polo, handball and karate sports coaches do not have enough knowledge about dental trauma, emergency care procedures and dental trauma prevention during sports activities.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ustanoviti povezanost stupnja opstrukcije gornjeg dišnog puta i veličine i položaja jezika, procijenjenih prema Mallampati i Friedman klasifikaciji, s nalazima cjelonoćne polisomnografije. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju su sudjelovala 804 ispitanika kojima je provedena cjelonoćna polisomnografija u Centru za medicinu spavanja Split. Ispitivanu skupinu činili su pacijenti kojima je dijagnosticirana opstrukcijska apneja tijekom spavanja temeljem vrijednosti Apneja Hipopneja Indeksa (AHI) koja je iznosila ≥5, dok su drugu skupinu ispitanika činili ispitanici kojima temeljem cjelonoćne polisomnografije nije dijagnosticirana opstrukcijska apneja tijekom spavanja, tj. ispitanici kojima je vrijednost AHI iznosila, Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the correlation between obstruction of the upper respiratory tract and the size and position of the tongue, estimated by Mallampati and Friedman classification, with the findings of the overall polysomnography. Materials and methods: The study involved 804 subjects who performed full-length polysomnography at the Sleep Medicine Center Split. Patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), based on the value of Apnea Hipopnea Index (AHI), which was ≥5, were recruited in the study group, while in the control group were recruited subjects who did not have obstructive sleep apnea, subjects with AHI

Cilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je istražiti prevalenciju i razloge za ekstrakciju trajnih zuba u Splitu. Specifični ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su procijeniti razlikuju li se razlozi za ekstrakciju u osoba različitog spola, dobi i različitih društvenih skupina te ustanoviti utječe li učestalost posjeta odabranom doktoru dentalne medicine na potrebu za ekstrakcijom zuba i iz kojih razloga. Materijali i metode:U istraživanju su sudjelovali ispitanici koji su pristupili ekstrakciji trajnih zuba u ambulanti oralne kirurgije Odjela za maksilofacijalnu kirurgiju KBC-a Splitu razdoblju od 18.travnja 2018. do 18. svibnja 2018. godine. Za potrebe istraživanja načinjena je tablica koja je sadržavala osnovne značajke o pacijentima kao što su, dob, spol, zanimanje i učestalost posjeta stomatologu. U drugi dio tablice unosila se oznaka zuba za ekstrakciju (dvobrojnim sustavom) i razlog za ekstrakciju (karijes, parodontitis, endodontski razlozi, simptomatski impaktirani umnjak i ortodontski razlozi). Odluka o ekstrakciji temeljila se na kliničkom pregledu i analizi rendgenske snimke. U ovom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 155 ispitanika od kojih su 52,3 % sačinjavale žene, a 47,7% muškarci Rezultati: Najčešći razlog za ekstrakciju zuba bio je karijes. Od 155 ekstrakcija, 100 ih je obavljeno zbog karijesa (64,5%). Najveći broj ekstrakcija obavljen je u dobnoj skupini od 18 do 35 godina, a karijes je vodeći uzrok ekstrakcija u svim dobnim skupinama. Nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika između muškaraca i žena u broju ekstrakcija. Što se tiče razine obrazovanja ispitanika i učestalosti ekstrakcija zbog karijesa, najveći postotak zabilježen je u osoba srednje stručne spreme (50%), a najmanji u učenika i studenata. U osoba koje posjećuju svoga stomatologa samo prema potrebi, zabilježen je najveći broj ekstrakcija (49%). Unutar te skupine, čak 59% ekstrakcija obavljeno je zbog karijesa. Zubi koji su se najviše ekstrahirali bili su donji treći molari, dok je najmanje bilo ekstrakcija donjih inciziva. Najčešći ekstrahirani zubi zbog karijesa bili su donji prvi trajni molari te gornji premolari. Zaključak: Istraživanje je pokazalo kako su ispitanicima najčešće ekstrahirani zubi zbog karijesa, što govori o važnosti preventivnih postupaka i redovitih kontrolnih pregleda stomatologa, kako bi se smanjila incidencija karijesa i posljedični gubitak zuba., Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and the reasons for permanent teeth extractions in Split. The specific aims of this study were to assess whether the reasons for extraction were different for people of different gender, age and different social groups and to determine whether the frequency of visits to the general dentist affects the need for extraction and for what reasons. Materials and methods: This research has been carried out in a clinic for oral surgery in a hospital centre in Split. The data was collected in the period from April 18th to May 18th, 2018. For the purposes of this study, a table was made containing the basic demographic characteristics of patients such as age, gender, occupation and frequency of visits to their general dentist. In the second part of the table, the labeling of the extraction teeth (dual system) and the reason for extraction (caries, periodontitis, endodontic reasons, impacted third molar and orthodontic reasons) were entered. The decision for extraction was based on a clinical examination and X-ray analysis. There were 155 patients that participated in this study, of which 52.3% were women and 47.7% men. Results: The most common reason for tooth extraction was caries. Out of 155 extractions, 100 were performed due to caries (64.5%). The largest number of extraction was performed in the age group of 18 to 35 years, and caries was the leading cause of extraction in all age groups. No statistically significant differences were found between men and women in the number of extractions. Regarding the level of education of the participants and the frequency of extraction due to caries, the highest percentage was recorded in patients with secondary education (50%) and the lowest in pupils and students. The largest number of extractions was observed in people who only visited their general dentist when necessary. Within this group, as much as 59% of extraction was performed due to caries. The most commonly extracted teeth were lower third molars, while lower incisors were extracted the least. The most commonly extracted teeth due to caries were the lower first molars and the upper premolars. Conclusion: This study showed that caries was the main reason for permanent teeth extraction in Split, Croatia. This shows the importance of preventive procedures and regular checkups at the dentist in order to reduce the incidence of caries and consequent extractions.

Cilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanje bio je ustanoviti pojavljuje li se sideropenična anemija (SA) češće u osoba oboljelih od oralnoga lihen planusa (OLP). Materijali i metode: U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 58 pacijenata koji su zadovoljavali kliničke kriterije za dijagnozu OLP-a. Kontrolna skupina se sastojala od 58 ispitanika bez vidljivih patoloških promjena u usnoj šupljini. Obje skupine su napravile krvne pretrage iz kojih smo ekstrahirali vrijednosti (serumsko željezo, hemoglobin, hematokrit, broj eritrocita, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, UIBC, TIBC) bitne za dijagnostiku SA. Temeljem srednjih vrijednosti svih navedenih parametara napravila se usporedba među skupinama. Osim toga, usporedili smo broj ispitanika iz obje skupine čije su vrijednosti bile ispod odnosno iznad referentnog intervala te se prema kriterijima SZO ispitala eventualna prisutnost SA. Anamnestički smo uzeli podatke o dobi (u godinama), spolu (muško/žensko) i navikama svakodnevnog konzumiranja cigareta i alkohola (da/ne). Rezultati: Nije se pokazala statistički značajna razlika između srednjih vrijednosti ispitivanih parametara (željezo, hemoglobin, hematokrit, broj eritrocita, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW) ispitne i kontrolne skupina. Broj ispitanika koji su imali navedene vrijednosti van referentnog intervala nije se značajno razlikovao između ispitivanih skupina. Prema kriterijima SZO samo jedan pacijent u ispitnoj skupini odnosno dva u kontrolnoj boluju od SA. Zaključak: Prema podatcima iz literature, postoji pretpostavka da bi SA mogla imati etiološku ulogu u pojedinaca oboljelih od OLP-a. Međutim, naše istraživanje nije dokazalo da se SA učestalije javlja u oboljelih od OLP-a nego u ispitanika zdrave kontrolne skupine. Svakako su potrebna daljnja istraživanja, uz dulje praćenje laboratorijskih promjena, da bi se potvrdili naši rezultati., Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) compared to healthy control subjects. Materials and methods: The research included 58 participants with changes in oral mucosa that met criteria for clinical diagnosis of the OLP. The control group consisted of 58 individuals without visible pathological changes in the oral cavity. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein for each study participant to determineiron (Fe), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Htc), red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) . Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group in the mean values of aforementioned blood factors. The number of individuals who had specified values outside the reference range was not significant different between the two groups. According to WHO (World Health Organization) criteria, only one person (1.7 %) in experimental group, and two (3.4 %) in control group, had IDA. Conclusion: It is assumed that SA could have an etiologic role in individuals suffering from OLP. Regardless of that fact, this study discovered that the difference in prevalence of IDA between patients with OLP and healthy individuals in control group is not statistically significant. Nevertheless, further research is required to establish findings of this study.

Cilj: Učestalost bruksizma je tijekom posljednjih godina u porastu. Populacija u kojoj je učestalost bruksizma posebno naglašena su studenti. Osim toga, studenti su tijekom studiranja izloženi većem stresu koji može utjecati na bruksizam. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su: procijeniti učestalost bruksizma u studenata Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu, ispitati postoji li razlika u učestalosti bruksizma s obzirom na spol, ispitati postoji li razlika u učestalosti bruksizma između različitih studijskih programa i različitih godina studija, ispitati razinu stresa kojoj su studenti izloženi i ispitati postoji li povezanost između bruksizma i stresa. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovao ukupno 691 student triju integriranih studija Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika 497 su bile studentice i 194 studenti. Ispitanici su ispunili anketni upitnik koji je objedinio pitanja o prisutnosti/odsutnosti bruksizma temeljena na Fonnseca upitniku o bruksizmu i poremećajima temporomandibularnih zglobova, pitanja o razini stresa kojoj su studenti izloženi i koja su temeljena na upitniku Girdina i suradnika te pitanja o izvorima stresa temeljena prema upitniku Psihološkom savjetovališnom centru riječkog Sveučilišta. Rezultati: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su kako postoji učestalost bruksizma od 41,4% u populaciji studenata uz razliku u učestalosti prema spolu. Najveća učestalost bruksizma bila je prisutna na Studiju medicine na engleskom jeziku (59%). Također postoji razlika u učestalosti bruksizma između različitih godina studija te na prvoj godini iznosi 41,35%, na drugoj godini 37,4%, na trećoj godini 37,1%, na četvrtoj godini 39,6%, na petoj godini 51%, na šestoj godini 44,1%. Pod normalnom razinom stresa je 62,1% studenata dok je 37,8% pod visokom razinom stresa uz srednju vrijednost razine stresa prikazane medijanom od 23 i uz interkvartilni raspon 19-26. Od triju studija Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu studenti Studija medicine na engleskom jeziku su u najvećoj mjeri izloženi visokoj razini stresa (57,3%). Učestalost bruksizma i visoka razina stresa prate jednak obrazac ponašanja tijekom godina studija gdje je tijekom prvih triju godina studija najveći broj studenata koji imaju bruksizam i koji su pod visokom razinom stresa što je u skladu s većom izloženosti određenim stresorima, dok je kroz posljednje tri godine studija broj studenata koji imaju bruksizam i koji su pod visokom razinom stresa manji što je u skladu s manjom izloženosti određenim stresorima. Događaji prilikom kojih su ispitanici primijetili da škripe i/ili stišću zubima su trenuci izloženosti stresu (25,2%), kada su ljutiti (24%), tijekom maksimalne koncentracije u radu (16,1%) i kada su umorni (3,8%). Zaključak: Temeljem rezultata utvrđeno je kako je visoka učestalost bruksizma prisutna u populaciji studenata Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu te da je bruksizam učestaliji u studentica. Uz to postoji razlika u učestalosti bruksizma između triju studijskih programa uz najveću učestalost na Studiju medicine na engleskom jeziku. Različite vrijednosti učestalosti bruksizma prisutne su među različitim godinama studija. Većina studenata je izložena normalnoj razini stresa, dok je nešto više od trećine studenata izložena visokoj razini stresa. Postoji povezanost stresa i bruksizma te visoka razina stresa prati i veću učestalost bruksizma., Objective: The prevalence of bruxism has increased over the last few years. Generally, students are the most affected population with prevalence of bruxism. In addition, students are exposed to greater stress during academic life, which may affect bruxism. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of bruxism among students, to examine whether there is a difference in the prevalence of bruxism regarding the gender, to examine whether there is a difference in the prevalence of bruxism among different study programs and different years of study, to examine the level of stress the students are exposed to and to examine if there is connection between bruxism and stress. Materials and methods: This study involved a total number of 691 students of three integrated studies at the University of Split School of Medicine. Of the total number of respondents, 497 were female students and 194 male students. Respondents completed a survey questionnaire that combined questions about the presence / absence of bruxism based on the Fonnseca's questionnaire, questions about the level of stress that students are exposed to (Girdano and associates) as well as the questions about sources of stress based on the questionnaire of Psychological Counseling Center of the University of Rijeka. Results: The results of this study showed that there is a prevalence of bruxism of 41.4% in the student population, with the difference in frequency with gender. The highest prevalence of bruxism occured in students of Medical Studies in English (59%). There is also a difference in the frequency of bruxism between different years of study in amount of 41.4% for the first year, 37.4% for the second year, 37.1% for the third year, 39.6% for the fourth year, 51% for the fifth year, 44.1% for the sixth year. There are 62.1% of students under normal stress levels, while 37.8% are under high stress levels with mean levels of stress shown in a median of 23 and with interquartile range 19-26. Among three studies at the University of Split School of Medicine, students of Medical Studies in English are mostly exposed to high stress levels (57.3%). The frequency of bruxism and high levels of stress follow the same pattern of behavior during the years of study. During the first three years results showed the largest number of students who have bruxism and are under a high level of stress, which is in accordance with higher exposure to certain stressors. During the last three years of study the number of students who have bruxism and who are under high level of stress is lower, which is in accordance with the lower exposure to certain stressors. Events in which respondents noted that they clench and/or grind their teeth were moments of stress (25.2%), when they were angry (24%), during the maximum concentration at work (16.1%) and when they were tired (3.8%). Conclusion: Based on the results, it was found that the higher prevalence of bruxism is present in the student population at the University of Split School of Medicine and that bruxism is more frequent in female students. There is also a difference in the prevalence of bruxism among the three study programs with the highest prevalence in students of Medical Studies in English. Different values of the prevalnce of bruxism are present among the various years of study. Most students are exposed to normal stress levels, while third of students are exposed to high levels of stress. There is a connection between stress and bruxism, and high levels of stress are accompanied by a higher frequency of bruxism.

Cilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi stavove i iskustva doktora dentalne medicine u vezi s liječenjem temporomandibularnih poremećaja. Također, bilo je potrebno utvrditi koje se dijagnostičke metode i načini liječenja najčešće primjenjuju u kliničkoj praksi te istražiti postoji li potreba za dodatnom edukacijom doktora dentalne medicine u području poremećaja temporomandibularnog zgloba. Materijali i metode: U razdoblju od kraja ožujka do početka lipnja 2018. godine provedeno je presječno istraživanje koje je uključivalo 100 doktora dentalne medicine. Istraživanje je temeljeno na anketnom upitniku koji se sastoji od tri dijela, od čega prvi dio sadržava pitanja u vezi sa dijagnostikom temporomandibularnih poremećaja i pristupom prema ovim pacijentima u vidu provođenja terapije ili upućivanja na specijalističku obradu. Druga skupina pitanja je usmjerena na najčešće primijenjene vrste terapije i njihovo provođenje u kliničkoj praksi, dok se treća skupina pitanja odnosi na stavove doktora dentalne medicine o potrebi za dodatnom edukacijom u ovom području. Provođenje istraživanja odobrilo je Etičko povjerenstvo Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 100 doktora dentalne medicine. Ukupno 34% ispitanika provodi rehabilitaciju pacijenata sa temporomandibularnim poremećajima, dok 66% ispitanika pacijente sa temporomandibularnim poremećajima šalje specijalistu na daljnju obradu. Izrada okluzalne udlage (N = 76) najčešće je odabrana vrsta liječenja, a slijedi je ubrušavanje i prilagodba zagriza (N = 56). Svi doktori dentalne medicine (100%) koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju izjasnili su se kako smatraju da im je potrebna dodatna edukacija u području temporomandibularnih poremećaja. Zaključak: Temeljem rezultata ovog istraživanja potvrđeno je kako većina doktora dentalne medicine ne provodi rehabilitaciju pacijenata sa temporomandibularnim poremećajima, a takve pacijente najčešće upućuju specijalistu dentalne protetike. Više od dvije trećine doktora u svrhu liječenja koristi izradu udlage, potom ubrušavanje i prilagodbu okluzalnih površina te oralnu rehabilitaciju. Velika većina ispitanika koristi stabilizacijsku odnosno relaksacijsku okluzalnu udlagu, dok se druge vrste udlaga rijetko koriste., Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate experiences and attitudes towards managment of temporomandibular disorders among general dental practitioners, as well as their need for additional education in temporomandibular disorders. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study including 100 general dental practitioners was carried out in period of three months between March and June 2018, and was based on a questionnire that consisted of three sets of questions. The first set was related to the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders and attitudes towards those patients with regard to treatment modality or referral to specialist treatment. The second set was focused on the most commonly used treatment options and their implementation in clinical practice, while the third set of questions was related with attitudes about additional education in this field of dental medicine. Results: A total of 100 general dental practitioners were included in this study, 97% general dental practitioners received ppatients potentially suffering from temporomandibular disorders in their office. A total of 34% general dental practitioners regularly provides a treatment for patients with temporomandibular disorders while 66% practitioners referred their patients to a specialist for further treatment. The most common treatment modality was occlusal splint (N = 76), followed by the occlusal adjustment (N = 56). All dental practitioners (100%) who participated in the survey reported need for additional education about temporomandibular disorders. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that general dental practitioners mostly do not provide treatment of patients with temporomandibular disorders. Most general dental practitioners refer patients with temporomandibular disorders to specialist in prosthodontics. More than two-thirds of general dental practitioners use stabilization appliance, followed by occlusal adjustment and dental rehabilitation.