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Se estudió el complejo de cambio en suelos aluviales recientes, terrazas medias y terrazas altas del Municipio de Marinilla por el método rápido de Brown. El grado de saturación, bajo en todos ellos, se acentúa en los suelos de las terrazas más antiguas y nos indica el bajo nivel de fertilidad de estos suelos. La extracción del hidrógeno de cambio con acetato cálcico coincide con la que efectúa el acetato amónico, excepto para los suelos más ricos en materia orgánica con los que proporciona resultados más altos la solución extractora de acetato cálcico.

The Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa, one of the poorest of the Earth, is characterized by high rainfall variability and rapid population growth. In this region, heavy storm events frequently cause extensive damage. Nonetheless, the projections for change in extreme rainfall values have shown a great divergence between Regional Climate Models (RCM), increasing the forecast uncertainty. Novel methodologies should be applied, taking into account both the variability provided by different RCMs, as well as the non-stationary nature of time series for the building of hazard maps of extreme rainfall events. The present work focuses on the probability density functions (PDFs)-based evaluation and a simple quantitative measure of how well each RCM considered can capture the observed annual maximum daily rainfall (AMDR) series on the Senegal River basin. Since meaningful trends have been detected in historical rainfall time series for the region, non-stationary probabilistic models were used to fit the PDF parameters to the AMDR time series. In the development of PDF ensemble by bootstrapping techniques, Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) maps were applied to score the RCMs. The REA factors were computed using a metric to evaluate the agreement between observed -or best estimated- PDFs, and that simulated with each RCM. The assessment of plausible regional trends associated to the return period, from the hazard maps of AMDR, showed a general rise, owing to an increase in the mean and the variability of extreme precipitation. These spatialtemporal distributions could be considered by Organization for the Development of the Senegal River (Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal, OMVS), in such a way as to reach a better balance between mitigation and adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applications of mullite based ceramics cause that along their useful life they are subjected to important mechanical and thermal solicitations. This is the reason why it is very interesting to establish procedures that allow to predict their behaviour in function of the initial condition. For this work the ceramic used was a 2Al2O3:1SiO2 mullite material obtained using a method of chemical processing of kaolinite and aluminium metal wastes. Mullite based ceramic materials with different sintering grade were obtained using various firing conditions. Strength of ceramics was measured in four point bending test. Weibull distribution function was used to characterize statistically the variation of the mechanical strength. A surface flaws mapping was established by scanning electron microscopy and distributions of pore-size, orientation and shape factor were obtained for each sample. A study of strength is done using Weibull´s theory and the surface flaws mapping.Las aplicaciones propias de los materiales cerámicos de mullita propician que a lo largo de su vida útil se vean sometidos a importantes solicitaciones mecánicas y térmicas. Es por ello interesante establecer procedimientos que permitan predecir su comportamiento en función del estado inicial. Para este estudio se utilizó una mullita del tipo 2Al2O3:1SiO2 obtenida usando un método de procesado químico a partir de caolinita y residuos de aluminio. Se fabricaron varias series de dicho material para ser sometidas a distintos ciclos de cocción que proporcionasen materiales con diferente grado de sinterización. La resistencia a la fractura de dichas cerámicas se determinó mediante ensayo a flexión en cuatro puntos. La función de distribución de Weibull se usó para caracterizar estadísticamente la variación de la resistencia mecánica. A continuación se procedió al estudio de su superficie por microscopía electrónica de barrido, para establecer un mapeado de defectos que posibilitase la obtención de la distribución de tamaño de poro, orientación y factor de forma de cada probeta. Finalmente se llevó a cabo un estudio de resistencia usando la teoría de Weibull y el mapeado de defectos superficiales.

Copyright of Acta Pediátrica Española is the property of Ediciones Mayo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Pediátrica Española is the property of Ediciones Mayo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We aimed to assess patient exposure to isavuconazole (ISZ) from samples received in our laboratory for therapeutic antifungal monitoring. We used liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet (UV) absorbance detection adapted from a multiplex-validated method with photodiode array (PDA) detection to monitor the analytes. The latter device allows the characterization of the azoles UV spectra. The method was validated according to international guidelines for efficient ISZ monitoring. The assay exhibited linearity between 0.25 and 16 mg/l for ISZ. Accuracy and intra- and inter-day precision were within acceptable ranges, and the method was successfully applied to quantify azoles and major metabolites from clinical samples collected from treated patients. We focus on ISZ blood concentrations and compared them to those of voriconazole, posaconazole, and itraconazole for a period of 5 years (2017-2021). Median ISZ concentration was 2.92 mg/l (interquartile range 1.82-5.33 mg/l) with 89% of measurements classified as adequate exposure (> 1 mg/l). Additionally, 71% of samples reach concentration values > 2 mg/l. Different ISZ exposure between adults to children were found. In conclusion, ISZ achieves excellent blood concentrations compared to other azole drugs, they are almost identical to those previously described, they exceed the MICs of most fungi for which its use was recommended and they differ depending on the patient's age. The method we describe for antifungal monitoring is simple, robust, and efficient. It simultaneously analyzes azoles and metabolites, and can be used for tailored interventions, achieve exposures associated with therapeutic success, decrease treatment-related toxicity, and help prevent resistance emergence due to continuous azole sub-optimal concentrations., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.)

The tool created aims at the environmental monitoring of the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (Spain) and the monitoring of the land use of its watershed. It integrates heterogeneous data sources ranging from ecological data obtained from a multiparametric oceanographic sonde to agro-meteorological data from IMIDA's network of stations or hydrological data from the SAIH network as multispectral satellite images from Sentinel and Landsat space missions. The system is based on free and open source software and has been designed to guarantee maximum levels of flexibility and scalability and minimum coupling so that the incorporation of new components does not affect the existing ones. The platform is designed to handle a data volume of more than 12 million records, experiencing exponential growth in the last six months. The tool allows the transformation of a large volume of data into information, offering them through microservices with optimal response times. As practical applications, the platform created allows us to know the ecological state of the Mar Menor with a very high level of detail, both at biophysical and nutrient levels, being able to detect periods of oxygen deficit and delimit the affected area. In addition, it facilitates the detailed monitoring of the cultivated areas of the watershed, detecting the agricultural use and crop cycles at the plot level. It also makes it possible to calculate the amount of water precipitated on the watershed and to monitor the runoff produced and the amount of water entering the Mar Menor in extreme events. The information is offered in different ways depending on the user profile, offering a very high level of detail for research or data analysis profiles, concrete and direct information to support decision-making for users with managerial profiles and validated and concise information for citizens. It is an integrated and distributed system that will provide data and services for the Mar Menor Observatory.

Malaria, babesiosis, trypanosomosis, and leishmaniasis are some of the most life-threatening parasites, but the range of drugs to treat them is limited. An effective, safe, and low-cost drug with a large activity spectrum is urgently needed. For this purpose, an aryl amino alcohol derivative called Alsinol was resynthesized, screened in silico, and tested against Plasmodium, Babesia, Trypanosoma, and Leishmania. In silico Alsinol follows the Lipinski and Ghose rules. In vitro it had schizontocidal activity against Plasmodium falciparum and was able to inhibit gametocytogenesis; it was particularly active against late gametocytes. In malaria-infected mice, it showed a dose-dependent activity similar to chloroquine. It demonstrated a similar level of activity to reference compounds against Babesia divergens, and against promastigotes, and amastigotes stages of Leishmania in vitro. It inhibited the in vitro growth of two African animal strains of Trypanosoma but was ineffective in vivo in our experimental conditions. It showed moderate toxicity in J774A1 and Vero cell models. The study demonstrated that Alsinol has a large spectrum of activity and is potentially affordable to produce. Nevertheless, challenges remain in the process of scaling up synthesis, creating a suitable clinical formulation, and determining the safety margin in preclinical models.