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1. Conformal Risk Control for Pulmonary Nodule Detection

Author

Hulsman, Roel, Comte, Valentin, Bertolini, Lorenzo, Wiesenthal, Tobias, Gallardo, Antonio Puertas, and Ceresa, Mario

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Quantitative tools are increasingly appealing for decision support in healthcare, driven by the growing capabilities of advanced AI systems. However, understanding the predictive uncertainties surrounding a tool's output is crucial for decision-makers to ensure reliable and transparent decisions. In this paper, we present a case study on pulmonary nodule detection for lung cancer screening, enhancing an advanced detection model with an uncertainty quantification technique called conformal risk control (CRC). We demonstrate that prediction sets with conformal guarantees are attractive measures of predictive uncertainty in the safety-critical healthcare domain, allowing end-users to achieve arbitrary validity by trading off false positives and providing formal statistical guarantees on model performance. Among ground-truth nodules annotated by at least three radiologists, our model achieves a sensitivity that is competitive with that generally achieved by individual radiologists, with a slight increase in false positives. Furthermore, we illustrate the risks of using off-the-shelve prediction models when faced with ontological uncertainty, such as when radiologists disagree on what constitutes the ground truth on pulmonary nodules.

Published
2024

2. Epidemic Information Extraction for Event-Based Surveillance using Large Language Models

Author

Consoli, Sergio, Markov, Peter, Stilianakis, Nikolaos I., Bertolini, Lorenzo, Gallardo, Antonio Puertas, and Ceresa, Mario

Subjects
Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Computer Science - Computation and Language, 68T01, 68T50, I.2, I.2.7, I.2.6
Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to epidemic surveillance, leveraging the power of Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models (LLMs) for effective interpretation of unstructured big data sources, like the popular ProMED and WHO Disease Outbreak News. We explore several LLMs, evaluating their capabilities in extracting valuable epidemic information. We further enhance the capabilities of the LLMs using in-context learning, and test the performance of an ensemble model incorporating multiple open-source LLMs. The findings indicate that LLMs can significantly enhance the accuracy and timeliness of epidemic modelling and forecasting, offering a promising tool for managing future pandemic events., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, Ninth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology (ICICT 2024)

Published
2024
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8. The influence of soil age on ecosystem structure and function across biomes.

Author

Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Reich, Peter B, Bardgett, Richard D, Eldridge, David J, Lambers, Hans, Wardle, David A, Reed, Sasha C, Plaza, César, Png, G Kenny, Neuhauser, Sigrid, Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, Hart, Stephen C, Hu, Hang-Wei, He, Ji-Zheng, Bastida, Felipe, Abades, Sebastián, Alfaro, Fernando D, Cutler, Nick A, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Velázquez, Laura, Hayes, Patrick E, Hseu, Zeng-Yei, Pérez, Cecilia A, Santos, Fernanda, Siebe, Christina, Trivedi, Pankaj, Sullivan, Benjamin W, Weber-Grullon, Luis, Williams, Mark A, and Fierer, Noah

Subjects
Bacteria, Fungi, Plants, Soil, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Biomass, Climate, Time Factors, Biota, Microbiota
Abstract

The importance of soil age as an ecosystem driver across biomes remains largely unresolved. By combining a cross-biome global field survey, including data for 32 soil, plant, and microbial properties in 16 soil chronosequences, with a global meta-analysis, we show that soil age is a significant ecosystem driver, but only accounts for a relatively small proportion of the cross-biome variation in multiple ecosystem properties. Parent material, climate, vegetation and topography predict, collectively, 24 times more variation in ecosystem properties than soil age alone. Soil age is an important local-scale ecosystem driver; however, environmental context, rather than soil age, determines the rates and trajectories of ecosystem development in structure and function across biomes. Our work provides insights into the natural history of terrestrial ecosystems. We propose that, regardless of soil age, changes in the environmental context, such as those associated with global climatic and land-use changes, will have important long-term impacts on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems across biomes.

Published
2020

9. Multiple elements of soil biodiversity drive ecosystem functions across biomes.

Author

Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Reich, Peter B, Trivedi, Chanda, Eldridge, David J, Abades, Sebastián, Alfaro, Fernando D, Bastida, Felipe, Berhe, Asmeret A, Cutler, Nick A, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Velázquez, Laura, Hart, Stephen C, Hayes, Patrick E, He, Ji-Zheng, Hseu, Zeng-Yei, Hu, Hang-Wei, Kirchmair, Martin, Neuhauser, Sigrid, Pérez, Cecilia A, Reed, Sasha C, Santos, Fernanda, Sullivan, Benjamin W, Trivedi, Pankaj, Wang, Jun-Tao, Weber-Grullon, Luis, Williams, Mark A, and Singh, Brajesh K

Subjects
Humans, Fungi, Soil, Soil Microbiology, Ecosystem, Biodiversity
Abstract

The role of soil biodiversity in regulating multiple ecosystem functions is poorly understood, limiting our ability to predict how soil biodiversity loss might affect human wellbeing and ecosystem sustainability. Here, combining a global observational study with an experimental microcosm study, we provide evidence that soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) is significantly and positively associated with multiple ecosystem functions. These functions include nutrient cycling, decomposition, plant production, and reduced potential for pathogenicity and belowground biological warfare. Our findings also reveal the context dependency of such relationships and the importance of the connectedness, biodiversity and nature of the globally distributed dominant phylotypes within the soil network in maintaining multiple functions. Moreover, our results suggest that the positive association between plant diversity and multifunctionality across biomes is indirectly driven by soil biodiversity. Together, our results provide insights into the importance of soil biodiversity for maintaining soil functionality locally and across biomes, as well as providing strong support for the inclusion of soil biodiversity in conservation and management programmes.

Published
2020

10. Climatic vulnerabilities and ecological preferences of soil invertebrates across biomes

Author

Bastida, Felipe, Eldridge, David J, Abades, Sebastián, Alfaro, Fernando D, Gallardo, Antonio, García‐Velázquez, Laura, García, Carlos, Hart, Stephen C, Pérez, Cecilia A, Santos, Fernanda, Trivedi, Pankaj, Williams, Mark A, and Delgado‐Baquerizo, Manuel

Subjects
Life on Land, Animals, Arachnida, Ecosystem, Forests, Invertebrates, Nematoda, Rotifera, Soil, aridity, biogeography, climate change, diversity, plant diversity, soil invertebrates, Biological Sciences, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Unlike plants and vertebrates, the ecological preferences, and potential vulnerabilities of soil invertebrates to environmental change, remain poorly understood in terrestrial ecosystems globally. We conducted a cross-biome survey including 83 locations across six continents to advance our understanding of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity of dominant and functionally important soil invertebrate taxa, including nematodes, arachnids and rotifers. The diversity of invertebrates was analyzed through amplicon sequencing. Vegetation and climate drove the diversity and dominant taxa of soil invertebrates. Our results suggest that declines in forest cover and plant diversity, and reductions in plant production associated with increases in aridity, can result in reductions of the diversity of soil invertebrates in a drier and more managed world. We further developed global atlases of the diversity of these important soil invertebrates, which were cross-validated using an independent database. Our study advances the current knowledge of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity and presence of functionally important soil invertebrates in soils from across the globe. This information is fundamental for improving and prioritizing conservation efforts of soil genetic resources and management policies.

Published
2020

11. Assessing the impact of machine intelligence on human behaviour: an interdisciplinary endeavour

Author

Gómez, Emilia, Castillo, Carlos, Charisi, Vicky, Dahl, Verónica, Deco, Gustavo, Delipetrev, Blagoj, Dewandre, Nicole, González-Ballester, Miguel Ángel, Gouyon, Fabien, Hernández-Orallo, José, Herrera, Perfecto, Jonsson, Anders, Koene, Ansgar, Larson, Martha, de Mántaras, Ramón López, Martens, Bertin, Miron, Marius, Moreno-Bote, Rubén, Oliver, Nuria, Gallardo, Antonio Puertas, Schweitzer, Heike, Sebastian, Nuria, Serra, Xavier, Serrà, Joan, Tolan, Songül, and Vold, Karina

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

This document contains the outcome of the first Human behaviour and machine intelligence (HUMAINT) workshop that took place 5-6 March 2018 in Barcelona, Spain. The workshop was organized in the context of a new research programme at the Centre for Advanced Studies, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, which focuses on studying the potential impact of artificial intelligence on human behaviour. The workshop gathered an interdisciplinary group of experts to establish the state of the art research in the field and a list of future research challenges to be addressed on the topic of human and machine intelligence, algorithm's potential impact on human cognitive capabilities and decision making, and evaluation and regulation needs. The document is made of short position statements and identification of challenges provided by each expert, and incorporates the result of the discussions carried out during the workshop. In the conclusion section, we provide a list of emerging research topics and strategies to be addressed in the near future., Comment: Proceedings of 1st HUMAINT (Human Behaviour and Machine Intelligence) workshop, Barcelona, Spain, March 5-6, 2018, edited by European Commission, Seville, 2018, JRC111773 https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/communities/community/humaint/document/assessing-impact-machine-intelligence-human-behaviour-interdisciplinary. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1409.3097 by other authors

Published
2018

12. Global ecological predictors of the soil priming effect.

Author

Hayes, Patrick, Hernández, Teresa, Hseu, Zeng-Yei, Jehmlich, Nico, Kirchmair, Martin, Lambers, Hans, Neuhauser, Sigrid, Peña-Ramírez, Víctor, Pérez, Cecilia, Reed, Sasha, Santos, Fernanda, Siebe, Christina, Sullivan, Benjamin, Trivedi, Pankaj, Vera, Alfonso, Williams, Mark, Luis Moreno, José, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Bastida, Felipe, García, Carlos, Fierer, Noah, Eldridge, David, Bowker, Matthew, Abades, Sebastián, Alfaro, Fernando, Asefaw Berhe, Asmeret, Cutler, Nick, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Velázquez, Laura, and Hart, Stephen

Abstract

Identifying the global drivers of soil priming is essential to understanding C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. We conducted a survey of soils across 86 globally-distributed locations, spanning a wide range of climates, biotic communities, and soil conditions, and evaluated the apparent soil priming effect using 13C-glucose labeling. Here we show that the magnitude of the positive apparent priming effect (increase in CO2 release through accelerated microbial biomass turnover) was negatively associated with SOC content and microbial respiration rates. Our statistical modeling suggests that apparent priming effects tend to be negative in more mesic sites associated with higher SOC contents. In contrast, a single-input of labile C causes positive apparent priming effects in more arid locations with low SOC contents. Our results provide solid evidence that SOC content plays a critical role in regulating apparent priming effects, with important implications for the improvement of C cycling models under global change scenarios.

Published
2019

13. Global ecological predictors of the soil priming effect.

Author

Bastida, Felipe, García, Carlos, Fierer, Noah, Eldridge, David J, Bowker, Matthew A, Abades, Sebastián, Alfaro, Fernando D, Asefaw Berhe, Asmeret, Cutler, Nick A, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Velázquez, Laura, Hart, Stephen C, Hayes, Patrick E, Hernández, Teresa, Hseu, Zeng-Yei, Jehmlich, Nico, Kirchmair, Martin, Lambers, Hans, Neuhauser, Sigrid, Peña-Ramírez, Víctor M, Pérez, Cecilia A, Reed, Sasha C, Santos, Fernanda, Siebe, Christina, Sullivan, Benjamin W, Trivedi, Pankaj, Vera, Alfonso, Williams, Mark A, Luis Moreno, José, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

Identifying the global drivers of soil priming is essential to understanding C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. We conducted a survey of soils across 86 globally-distributed locations, spanning a wide range of climates, biotic communities, and soil conditions, and evaluated the apparent soil priming effect using 13C-glucose labeling. Here we show that the magnitude of the positive apparent priming effect (increase in CO2 release through accelerated microbial biomass turnover) was negatively associated with SOC content and microbial respiration rates. Our statistical modeling suggests that apparent priming effects tend to be negative in more mesic sites associated with higher SOC contents. In contrast, a single-input of labile C causes positive apparent priming effects in more arid locations with low SOC contents. Our results provide solid evidence that SOC content plays a critical role in regulating apparent priming effects, with important implications for the improvement of C cycling models under global change scenarios.

Published
2019

14. Changes in belowground biodiversity during ecosystem development.

Author

Hayes, Patrick, Hseu, Zeng-Yei, Kirchmair, Martin, Peña-Ramírez, Victor, Pérez, Cecilia, Reed, Sasha, Santos, Fernanda, Siebe, Christina, Sullivan, Benjamin, Weber-Grullon, Luis, Fierer, Noah, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Bardgett, Richard, Vitousek, Peter, Maestre, Fernando, Williams, Mark, Eldridge, David, Lambers, Hans, Neuhauser, Sigrid, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Velázquez, Laura, Sala, Osvaldo, Abades, Sebastián, Alfaro, Fernando, Bowker, Matthew, Currier, Courtney, Cutler, Nick, Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, and Hart, Stephen

Subjects
acidification, ecosystem development, global scale, soil biodiversity, soil chronosequences, Biodiversity, Models, Biological
Abstract

Belowground organisms play critical roles in maintaining multiple ecosystem processes, including plant productivity, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Despite their importance, however, we have a limited understanding of how and why belowground biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates) may change as soils develop over centuries to millennia (pedogenesis). Moreover, it is unclear whether belowground biodiversity changes during pedogenesis are similar to the patterns observed for aboveground plant diversity. Here we evaluated the roles of resource availability, nutrient stoichiometry, and soil abiotic factors in driving belowground biodiversity across 16 soil chronosequences (from centuries to millennia) spanning a wide range of globally distributed ecosystem types. Changes in belowground biodiversity during pedogenesis followed two main patterns. In lower-productivity ecosystems (i.e., drier and colder), increases in belowground biodiversity tracked increases in plant cover. In more productive ecosystems (i.e., wetter and warmer), increased acidification during pedogenesis was associated with declines in belowground biodiversity. Changes in the diversity of bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates with pedogenesis were strongly and positively correlated worldwide, highlighting that belowground biodiversity shares similar ecological drivers as soils and ecosystems develop. In general, temporal changes in aboveground plant diversity and belowground biodiversity were not correlated, challenging the common perception that belowground biodiversity should follow similar patterns to those of plant diversity during ecosystem development. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that ecological patterns in belowground biodiversity are predictable across major globally distributed ecosystem types and suggest that shifts in plant cover and soil acidification during ecosystem development are associated with changes in belowground biodiversity over centuries to millennia.

Published
2019

15. Changes in belowground biodiversity during ecosystem development

Author

Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Bardgett, Richard D, Vitousek, Peter M, Maestre, Fernando T, Williams, Mark A, Eldridge, David J, Lambers, Hans, Neuhauser, Sigrid, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Velázquez, Laura, Sala, Osvaldo E, Abades, Sebastián R, Alfaro, Fernando D, Berhe, Asmeret A, Bowker, Matthew A, Currier, Courtney M, Cutler, Nick A, Hart, Stephen C, Hayes, Patrick E, Hseu, Zeng-Yei, Kirchmair, Martin, Peña-Ramírez, Victor M, Pérez, Cecilia A, Reed, Sasha C, Santos, Fernanda, Siebe, Christina, Sullivan, Benjamin W, Weber-Grullon, Luis, and Fierer, Noah

Subjects
Life on Land, Biodiversity, Models, Biological, soil biodiversity, ecosystem development, global scale, acidification, soil chronosequences
Abstract

Belowground organisms play critical roles in maintaining multiple ecosystem processes, including plant productivity, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Despite their importance, however, we have a limited understanding of how and why belowground biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates) may change as soils develop over centuries to millennia (pedogenesis). Moreover, it is unclear whether belowground biodiversity changes during pedogenesis are similar to the patterns observed for aboveground plant diversity. Here we evaluated the roles of resource availability, nutrient stoichiometry, and soil abiotic factors in driving belowground biodiversity across 16 soil chronosequences (from centuries to millennia) spanning a wide range of globally distributed ecosystem types. Changes in belowground biodiversity during pedogenesis followed two main patterns. In lower-productivity ecosystems (i.e., drier and colder), increases in belowground biodiversity tracked increases in plant cover. In more productive ecosystems (i.e., wetter and warmer), increased acidification during pedogenesis was associated with declines in belowground biodiversity. Changes in the diversity of bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates with pedogenesis were strongly and positively correlated worldwide, highlighting that belowground biodiversity shares similar ecological drivers as soils and ecosystems develop. In general, temporal changes in aboveground plant diversity and belowground biodiversity were not correlated, challenging the common perception that belowground biodiversity should follow similar patterns to those of plant diversity during ecosystem development. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that ecological patterns in belowground biodiversity are predictable across major globally distributed ecosystem types and suggest that shifts in plant cover and soil acidification during ecosystem development are associated with changes in belowground biodiversity over centuries to millennia.

Published
2019

16. Plant footprint decreases the functional diversity of molecules in topsoil organic matter after millions of years of ecosystem development

Author

European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw [0000-0002-6986-7943], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Gallardo, Antonio, Eldridge, David J., Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, Doetterl, Sebastian, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw [0000-0002-6986-7943], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Gallardo, Antonio, Eldridge, David J., Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, Doetterl, Sebastian, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

Aim Theory suggests that the diversity of molecules in soil organic matter (SOM functional diversity) provides key insights on multiple ecosystem services. We aimed to investigate how and why SOM functional diversity and composition change as topsoils develop, and its implications for key soil functions (e.g., from nutrient pool to water regulation). Location We reported data on 16 soil chronosequences globally distributed in nine countries from six continents. Time Period 2016–2017. Major Taxa Studied Soil microbes (bacteria and fungi) and vascular plants. Methods SOM functional diversity and composition without mineral interference were measured using diffuse reflectance mid-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). We aimed to characterize the main environmental factors related to SOM functional diversity and composition. Also, we calculated the links among SOM functional diversity and key soil functions. Results We found that SOM functional diversity declines after millions of years of soil formation (pedogenesis). We further showed that increases in plant cover and productivity led to a higher ratio of reduced (e.g., alkanes) over oxidized carbon forms (i.e., C: O-functional groups ratio), which was positively correlated to SOM functional diversity as soils age. Our findings indicated that the plant footprint (i.e., the accumulation of plant-derived material promoting the C: O-functional group ratio) would explain the reduction of SOM functional diversity as ecosystems develop. Moreover, the dissimilarity in SOM composition consistently increased with soil age, with the soil development stage emerging as the main predictor of SOM dissimilarity across contrasting biomes. Main Conclusions Our global survey contextualized the natural history of SOM functional diversity and composition during long-term soil development. Together, we showed how plant footprint drives the losses of SOM functional diversity with increasing age, which might provide a novel mecha

Published
2024

17. Nature-based strategies to regenerate the functioning and biodiversity of vineyards

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Cantos Villar, Emma [0000-0001-8560-8821], Puertas, Belén [0000-0002-5537-3088], Belda, Ignacio [0000-0002-2607-5049], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Fernández, Victoria [0000-0001-7639-6556], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], García-Morales, José Luis [0000-0003-2611-2978], Garde-Cerdán, Teresa [0000-0002-2054-9071], Gonzaga Santesteban, Luis [0000-0001-6924-6744], Lazcano, Cristina [0000-0001-5495-481X], Liberal, Isabel M. [0000-0001-6426-2876], Serrano-Grijalva, Lilia [0000-0002-2530-4719], Tortosa, Germán [0000-0003-3982-1167], Casimiro-Soriguer, Ramón [0000-0002-5272-0902], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Cantos Villar, Emma, Puertas, Belén, Aguiar del Rio, Juan F., Belda, Ignacio, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Fernández, Victoria, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Morales, José Luis, Garde-Cerdán, Teresa, Gonzaga Santesteban, Luis, Lazcano, Cristina, Liberal, Isabel M., Serrano-Grijalva, Lilia, Tortosa Muñoz, Germán, Casimiro-Soriguer, Ramón, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Cantos Villar, Emma [0000-0001-8560-8821], Puertas, Belén [0000-0002-5537-3088], Belda, Ignacio [0000-0002-2607-5049], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Fernández, Victoria [0000-0001-7639-6556], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], García-Morales, José Luis [0000-0003-2611-2978], Garde-Cerdán, Teresa [0000-0002-2054-9071], Gonzaga Santesteban, Luis [0000-0001-6924-6744], Lazcano, Cristina [0000-0001-5495-481X], Liberal, Isabel M. [0000-0001-6426-2876], Serrano-Grijalva, Lilia [0000-0002-2530-4719], Tortosa, Germán [0000-0003-3982-1167], Casimiro-Soriguer, Ramón [0000-0002-5272-0902], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Cantos Villar, Emma, Puertas, Belén, Aguiar del Rio, Juan F., Belda, Ignacio, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Fernández, Victoria, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Morales, José Luis, Garde-Cerdán, Teresa, Gonzaga Santesteban, Luis, Lazcano, Cristina, Liberal, Isabel M., Serrano-Grijalva, Lilia, Tortosa Muñoz, Germán, and Casimiro-Soriguer, Ramón

Abstract

Grapevine is one of the most important perennial fruit crops worldwide. Historically, vineyards were compatible with soil conservation practices and multitrophic biodiversity, but vineyards are now generally eroded and biologically impoverished, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases. However, the idiosyncrasy of the wine sector places wine growers in a unique position to lead the adoption of a range of sustainable management strategies and, thus, to pioneer a wider transformation of the agricultural sector. In this article, we provide an overview of nature-based management strategies that may be used for the regeneration of the functioning and biodiversity of vineyards and that may also lead to improved plant nutrition, grape berry quality and the suppression of pathogens and pests. These strategies include the use of microbial and nonmicrobial biostimulants, fertilization with organic amendments as well as foliar fertilization with nature-based products, the use of cover crops and the reintegration of livestock in vineyards, especially sheep. We will also pay special attention to the implementation of circular economy in the vineyard in relation to the previously mentioned management strategies and will also discuss the importance of considering all these aspects from a holistic and integrative perspective, rather than taking them into account as single factors. Assuming the integral role of soils in the functioning of agroecosystems, soils will be considered transversally across all sections. Finally, we will argue that the time is now ripe for innovation from the public and private sectors to contribute to the sustainable management of vineyards while maintaining, or even improving, the profit margin for farmers and winemakers.

Published
2024

18. The global distribution and environmental drivers of the soil antibiotic resistome

Author

Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Hu, Hang-Wei, Maestre, Fernando T., Guerra, Carlos A., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eldridge, David J., Zhu, Yong-Guan, Chen, Qing-Lin, Trivedi, Pankaj, Du, Shuai, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Verma, Jay Prakash, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Asensio, Sergio, Wang, Ling, Zaady, Eli, Illán, Javier G., Siebe, Christina, Grebenc, Tine, Zhou, Xiaobing, Liu, Yu-Rong, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Blanco-Pastor, José L., Duran, Jorge, Rodríguez, Alexandra, Mamet, Steven, Alfaro, Fernando, Abades, Sebastian, Teixido, Alberto L., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Perez, Cecilia, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Velázquez, Laura, Hayes, Patrick E., Neuhauser, Sigrid, and He, Ji-Zheng

Published
2022
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24. Nature-based strategies to regenerate the functioning and biodiversity of vineyards

Author

Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Cantos-Villar, Emma, Puertas, Belén, Aguiar del Rio, Juan F., Belda, Ignacio, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Fernández, Victoria, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Morales, José L., Garde-Cerdán, Teresa, Gonzaga-Santesteban, Luis, Lazcano, Cristina, Liberal, Isabel M., Serrano-Grijalva, Lilia, Tortosa, Germán, Casimiro-Soriguer, Ramón, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Cantos-Villar, Emma, Puertas, Belén, Aguiar del Rio, Juan F., Belda, Ignacio, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Fernández, Victoria, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Morales, José L., Garde-Cerdán, Teresa, Gonzaga-Santesteban, Luis, Lazcano, Cristina, Liberal, Isabel M., Serrano-Grijalva, Lilia, Tortosa, Germán, and Casimiro-Soriguer, Ramón

Abstract

Grapevine is one of the most important perennial fruit crops worldwide. Historically, vineyards were compatible with soil conservation practices and multitrophic biodiversity, but vineyards are now generally eroded and biologically impoverished, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases. However, the idiosyncrasy of the wine sector places wine growers in a unique position to lead the adoption of a range of sustainable management strategies and, thus, to pioneer a wider transformation of the agricultural sector. In this article, we provide an overview of nature-based management strategies that may be used for the regeneration of the functioning and biodiversity of vineyards and that may also lead to improved plant nutrition, grape berry quality and the suppression of pathogens and pests. These strategies include the use of microbial and nonmicrobial biostimulants, fertilization with organic amendments as well as foliar fertilization with nature-based products, the use of cover crops and the reintegration of livestock in vineyards, especially sheep. We will also pay special attention to the implementation of circular economy in the vineyard in relation to the previously mentioned management strategies and will also discuss the importance of considering all these aspects from a holistic and integrative perspective, rather than taking them into account as single factors. Assuming the integral role of soils in the functioning of agroecosystems, soils will be considered transversally across all sections. Finally, we will argue that the time is now ripe for innovation from the public and private sectors to contribute to the sustainable management of vineyards while maintaining, or even improving, the profit margin for farmers and winemakers.

Published
2024

25. The global distribution and environmental drivers of the soil antibiotic resistome

Author

Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Hu, Hang-Wei, Maestre, Fernando T., Guerra, Carlos A., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eldridge, David J., Zhu, Yong-Guan, Chen, Qing-Lin, Trivedi, Pankaj, Du, Shuai, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Verma, Jay Prakash, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Asensio, Sergio, Wang, Ling, Zaady, Eli, Illán, Javier G., Siebe, Christina, Grebenc, Tine, Zhou, Xiaobing, Liu, Yu-Rong, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Blanco-Pastor, José L., Duran, Jorge, Rodríguez, Alexandra, Mamet, Steven, Alfaro, Fernando, Abades, Sebastian, López Teixido, Alberto, Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Pérez, Cecilia, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Velázquez, Laura, Hayes, Patrick E., Neuhauser, Sigrid, He, Ji-Zheng, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Hu, Hang-Wei, Maestre, Fernando T., Guerra, Carlos A., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eldridge, David J., Zhu, Yong-Guan, Chen, Qing-Lin, Trivedi, Pankaj, Du, Shuai, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Verma, Jay Prakash, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Asensio, Sergio, Wang, Ling, Zaady, Eli, Illán, Javier G., Siebe, Christina, Grebenc, Tine, Zhou, Xiaobing, Liu, Yu-Rong, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Blanco-Pastor, José L., Duran, Jorge, Rodríguez, Alexandra, Mamet, Steven, Alfaro, Fernando, Abades, Sebastian, López Teixido, Alberto, Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Pérez, Cecilia, Gallardo, Antonio, García-Velázquez, Laura, Hayes, Patrick E., Neuhauser, Sigrid, and He, Ji-Zheng

Abstract

Funding This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 702057 (CLIMIFUN), a Large Research Grant from the British Ecological Society (agreement no. LRA17\1193; MUSGONET), and from the European Research Council (ERC grant agreement no. 647038, BIODESERT). M. D. B. was also supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2018-025483-I). M.D-B. also acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I+D+i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D-B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático “01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). FTM acknowledges support from Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/041). J. Z. H and H. W. H. are financially supported by Australian Research Council (DP210100332). We also thank the project CTM2015-64728-C2-2-R from the Ministry of Science of Spain. C. A. G. and N. E. acknowledge funding by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118). TG was financially supported by Slovenian Research Agency (P4-0107, J4-3098 and J4-4547)., Background Little is known about the global distribution and environmental drivers of key microbial functional traits such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Soils are one of Earth’s largest reservoirs of ARGs, which are integral for soil microbial competition, and have potential implications for plant and human health. Yet, their diversity and global patterns remain poorly described. Here, we analyzed 285 ARGs in soils from 1012 sites across all continents and created the first global atlas with the distributions of topsoil ARGs. Results We show that ARGs peaked in high latitude cold and boreal forests. Climatic seasonality and mobile genetic elements, associated with the transmission of antibiotic resistance, were also key drivers of their global distribution. Dominant ARGs were mainly related to multidrug resistance genes and efflux pump machineries. We further pinpointed the global hotspots of the diversity and proportions of soil ARGs. Conclusions Together, our work provides the foundation for a better understanding of the ecology and global distribution of the environmental soil antibiotic resistome., Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2024

27. The soil microbiome governs the response of microbial respiration to warming across the globe

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Universidad de Alicante, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, German Research Foundation, Centre for Sustainable Agrifood Systems (Denmark), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Wang, Jun-Tao [0000-0002-1822-2176], Cano-Díaz, Concha [0000-0001-6948-6553], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, García-Palacios, Pablo, Maestre, Fernando T., Plaza de Carlos, César, Guirado, Emilio, Singh, Brajesh K., Wang, Jun-Tao, Cano-Díaz, Concha, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gallardo, Antonio, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Universidad de Alicante, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, German Research Foundation, Centre for Sustainable Agrifood Systems (Denmark), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Wang, Jun-Tao [0000-0002-1822-2176], Cano-Díaz, Concha [0000-0001-6948-6553], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, García-Palacios, Pablo, Maestre, Fernando T., Plaza de Carlos, César, Guirado, Emilio, Singh, Brajesh K., Wang, Jun-Tao, Cano-Díaz, Concha, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gallardo, Antonio, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

The sensitivity of soil microbial respiration to warming (Q10) remains a major source of uncertainty surrounding the projections of soil carbon emissions to the atmosphere as the factors driving Q10 patterns across ecosystems have been assessed in isolation from each other. Here we report the results of a warming experiment using soils from 332 sites across all continents and major biomes to simultaneously evaluate the main drivers of global Q10 patterns. Compared with biochemical recalcitrance, mineral protection, substrate quantity and environmental factors, the soil microbiome (that is, microbial biomass and bacterial taxa) explained the largest portion of variation in Q10 values. Our work provides solid evidence that soil microbiomes largely govern the responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to warming and thus need to be explicitly accounted for when assessing land carbon–climate feedbacks.

Published
2023

41. Nature‐based strategies to regenerate the functioning and biodiversity of vineyards.

Author

Ochoa‐Hueso, Raúl, Cantos‐Villar, Emma, Puertas, Belén, Aguiar del Rio, Juan F., Belda, Ignacio, Delgado‐Baquerizo, Manuel, Fernández, Victoria, Gallardo, Antonio, García‐Morales, José L., Garde‐Cerdán, Teresa, Gonzaga‐Santesteban, Luis, Lazcano, Cristina, Liberal, Isabel M., Serrano‐Grijalva, Lilia, Tortosa, Germán, and Casimiro‐Soriguer, Ramón

Published
2024
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44. Biological Soil Crusts as a Model System in Ecology

Author

Maestre, Fernando T., Bowker, Matthew A., Eldridge, David J., Cortina, Jordi, Lázaro, Roberto, Gallardo, Antonio, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Berdugo, Miguel, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Valencia, Enrique, Caldwell, Martyn M., Series editor, Díaz, Sandra, Series editor, Heldmaier, Gerhard, Series editor, Jackson, Robert B., Series editor, Lange, Otto L., Series editor, Levia, Delphis F., Series editor, Mooney, Harold A., Series editor, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Series editor, Sommer, Ulrich, Series editor, Weber, Bettina, editor, Büdel, Burkhard, editor, and Belnap, Jayne, editor

Published
2016
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46. From Diagrams to Self-Regulated Learning: Student Teachers' Reflections on the Construction of Their PLE

Author

Tur, Gemma, Marín, Victoria I., Moreno, Juan, Gallardo, Antonio, and Urbina, Santos

Abstract

This paper presents a study on the reflections on their PLEs by student teachers in an ICT subject of the fourth degree course in Teacher Education (Early Childhood Teacher Training) at the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB). There were four student teacher groups (n = 117) participating in this project, from the three Balearic Islands' campuses (Mallorca, Menorca and Ibiza). The main research issues focused on in this study are: the topics highlighted from the reflections on the students' PLEs and the reflection level achieved. To explore these issues, a content analysis technique has been used to interpret their final assignment of the students' eportfolios, in which they had to carry out their reflections on their PLEs. For that purpose, two instruments have been designed: a system of categories and a rubric of assessment. Results show that the topics on which students reflect most are the conception of the PLE, its explicitness and its purpose. Although some improvement in students' reflective skills was observed, conclusions lead us to the necessity of working further on the depth of reflections in order to adequately support self-regulated learning.

Published
2016
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49. The global distribution and environmental drivers of the soil antibiotic resistome

Author

European Commission, British Ecological Society, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Australian Research Council, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, German Research Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Hu, Hang-Wei [0000-0002-3294-102X], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Zhu, Yong-Guan [0000-0003-3861-8482], Chen, Qing-Lin [0000-0002-5648-277X], Trivedi, Pankaj [0000-0003-0173-2804], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Verma, Jay Prakash [0000-0002-2643-9623], Gozalo, Beatriz [0000-0003-3082-4695], Ochoa, Victoria [0000-0002-2055-2094], Asencio, Sergio [0000-0003-4376-2964], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Siebe, Christina [0000-0002-2636-6778], Grebenc, Tine [0000-0003-4035-8587], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Blanco-Pastor, José Luis [0000-0002-7708-1342], He, Ji-Zheng [0000-0002-9169-8058], Durán, Jorge [0000-0002-7375-5290], Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra [0000-0001-5849-8778], Mamet, Steven [0000-0002-3510-3814], Alfaro, Fernando D. [0000-0003-2922-1838], Abades, Sebastián [0000-0001-5704-4037], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F. [0000-0001-7085-9521], Torres-Díaz, Cristian [0000-0002-5741-5288], García-Velázquez, Laura [0000-0003-3290-7531], Hayes, Patrick E. [0000-0001-7554-4588], Neuhauser, Sigrid [0000-0003-0305-1615], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Hu, Hang-Wei, Maestre, Fernando T., Guerra, Carlos A., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eldridge, David J., Zhu, Yong-Guan, Chen, Qing-Lin, Trivedi, Pankaj, Du, Shuai, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Verma, Jay Prakash, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Asencio, Sergio, Wang, Ling, Zaady, Eli, Illán, Javier, G., Siebe, Christina, Grebenc, Tine, Zhou, Xiaobing, Liu, Yu-Rong, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Durán, Jorge, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Mamet, Steven, Alfaro, Fernando D., Abades, Sebastián, Teixido, Alberto L., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Pérez, Cecilia A., Gallardo, Antonio, García-Velázquez, Laura, Hayes, Patrick E., Neuhauser, Sigrid, He, Ji-Zheng, European Commission, British Ecological Society, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Australian Research Council, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, German Research Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Hu, Hang-Wei [0000-0002-3294-102X], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Zhu, Yong-Guan [0000-0003-3861-8482], Chen, Qing-Lin [0000-0002-5648-277X], Trivedi, Pankaj [0000-0003-0173-2804], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Verma, Jay Prakash [0000-0002-2643-9623], Gozalo, Beatriz [0000-0003-3082-4695], Ochoa, Victoria [0000-0002-2055-2094], Asencio, Sergio [0000-0003-4376-2964], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Siebe, Christina [0000-0002-2636-6778], Grebenc, Tine [0000-0003-4035-8587], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Blanco-Pastor, José Luis [0000-0002-7708-1342], He, Ji-Zheng [0000-0002-9169-8058], Durán, Jorge [0000-0002-7375-5290], Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra [0000-0001-5849-8778], Mamet, Steven [0000-0002-3510-3814], Alfaro, Fernando D. [0000-0003-2922-1838], Abades, Sebastián [0000-0001-5704-4037], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F. [0000-0001-7085-9521], Torres-Díaz, Cristian [0000-0002-5741-5288], García-Velázquez, Laura [0000-0003-3290-7531], Hayes, Patrick E. [0000-0001-7554-4588], Neuhauser, Sigrid [0000-0003-0305-1615], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Hu, Hang-Wei, Maestre, Fernando T., Guerra, Carlos A., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eldridge, David J., Zhu, Yong-Guan, Chen, Qing-Lin, Trivedi, Pankaj, Du, Shuai, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Verma, Jay Prakash, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Asencio, Sergio, Wang, Ling, Zaady, Eli, Illán, Javier, G., Siebe, Christina, Grebenc, Tine, Zhou, Xiaobing, Liu, Yu-Rong, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Durán, Jorge, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Mamet, Steven, Alfaro, Fernando D., Abades, Sebastián, Teixido, Alberto L., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Pérez, Cecilia A., Gallardo, Antonio, García-Velázquez, Laura, Hayes, Patrick E., Neuhauser, Sigrid, and He, Ji-Zheng

Abstract

Background Little is known about the global distribution and environmental drivers of key microbial functional traits such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Soils are one of Earth’s largest reservoirs of ARGs, which are integral for soil microbial competition, and have potential implications for plant and human health. Yet, their diversity and global patterns remain poorly described. Here, we analyzed 285 ARGs in soils from 1012 sites across all continents and created the first global atlas with the distributions of topsoil ARGs. Results We show that ARGs peaked in high latitude cold and boreal forests. Climatic seasonality and mobile genetic elements, associated with the transmission of antibiotic resistance, were also key drivers of their global distribution. Dominant ARGs were mainly related to multidrug resistance genes and efflux pump machineries. We further pinpointed the global hotspots of the diversity and proportions of soil ARGs. Conclusions Together, our work provides the foundation for a better understanding of the ecology and global distribution of the environmental soil antibiotic resistome.

Published
2022

50. Temperature increases soil respiration across ecosystem types and soil development, but soil properties determine the magnitude of this effect

Author

European Commission, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), British Ecological Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Dacal, Marina [0000-0002-1321-9373], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw [0000-0002-6986-7943], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Dacal, Marina, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Barquero, Jesús, Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, Gallardo, Antonio, Maestre, Fernando T., García-Palacios, Pablo, European Commission, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), British Ecological Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Dacal, Marina [0000-0002-1321-9373], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw [0000-0002-6986-7943], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Dacal, Marina, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Barquero, Jesús, Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, Gallardo, Antonio, Maestre, Fernando T., and García-Palacios, Pablo

Abstract

Soil carbon losses to the atmosphere, via soil heterotrophic respiration, are expected to increase in response to global warming, resulting in a positive carbon-climate feedback. Despite the well-known suite of abiotic and biotic factors controlling soil respiration, much less is known about how the magnitude of soil respiration responses to temperature changes over soil development and across contrasting soil properties. Here we investigated the role of soil development stage and soil properties in driving the responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to temperature. We incubated soils from eight chronosequences ranging in soil age from hundreds to million years, and encompassing a wide range of vegetation types, climatic conditions and chronosequences origins, at three assay temperatures (5 °C, 15 °C and 25 °C). We found a consistent positive effect of assay temperature on soil respiration rates across the eight chronosequences evaluated. However, chronosequences parent materials (sedimentary/sand dunes or volcanic) and soil properties (pH, phosphorus content and microbial biomass) determined the magnitude of this temperature effect. Finally, we observed a positive effect of soil development stage on soil respiration across chronosequences that did not alter the magnitude of assay temperature effects. Our work reveals that key soil properties alter the magnitude of the positive effect of temperature on soil respiration found across ecosystem types and soil development stages. This information is essential to better understand the magnitude of the carbon-climate feedback and thus to establish accurate greenhouse gas emission targets.

Published
2022

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