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International audience; Introduction: In the framework of two clinical trials involving participants with chronic spinal cord injury, we intend to take advantage of the remaining brain motor activity to drive effectors to compensate motor handicap. To this aim, we developed WIMAGINE a fully implantable battery-less device able to record ECoG signals on 64 channels through the duramater.In BCI & tetraplegia clinical trial (NCT02550522), tetraplegic participants are trained to drive an exoskeleton to walk in the lab or to reach and grasp objects from the daily life whereas in STIMO-BSI clinical trial (NCT04632290), a paraplegic participant is also implanted with a spinal neurostimulator to elicit motor activity of their lower limbs.Results: When we started the design of the WIMAGINE implant, there was a great challenge on such a Brain Computer approach based on epidural signals. Indeed, the signals might have been too weak or their quality might have lessened dramatically after several months due to fibrotic reaction. However, based on our clinical data, we have demonstrated the great interest of our approach and device. The analysis of the signal stability (based on ECoG signal magnitude (RMS), signal to noise ratio, band power levels of the signal spectrum) was performed on three participants. The signal stability of the 1st participant has highlighted an outstanding signal stability even over a three years implantation period. For the two following participants with a respective follow-up duration of 1.5 year and 6 months, the signal stability follows the same trend.Thanks to this good stability performance, we can foresee uses of the WIMAGINE ECoG recorder during rehabilitation period or for chronic use in the participant's daily life. Note that these implants embedded in the skull thickness can be considered as passive/inert devices once the head-set providing the power thanks to the inductive link at 13.56 MHz.Outlook: So far, the WIMAGINE implants coupled proprietary decoding algorithms[1], [2] have demonstrated their interest for long-term recording and/or decoding of the ECoG signals. This system is compliant with the MDR 2017/745 regulation and is easy to implant. So far, we have demonstrated that it can be used in implantable BCI projects to drive external or implantable effectors.References:[1] A. Moly et al, An adaptive closed-loop ECoG decoder for long-term and stable bimanual control of an exoskeleton by a tetraplegic, DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac59a0.[2] A. L. Benabid et al., An exoskeleton controlled by an epidural wireless brain-machine interface in a tetraplegic patient: a proof-of-concept demonstration, DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30321-7.

The present research: THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS OF THE CHILDREN FROM FIRST GRADE OF THE GENERAL BASIC EDUCATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL UNIT “MANUEL JOSÉ RODRÍGUEZ” FROM MALACATOS PARISH, 2013 – 2014. ALTERNATIVE GUIDELINES. This research has the general objective: To determine the relationship of the school environment with the teaching-learning process of the children from the first grade of the General Basic Education in the educational Unit “Manuel José Rodríguez” from Malacatos Parish, 2013-2014. The research development was supported by the following methods: analytic, synthetic, inductive and deductive, the same that were used for processing the empirical information as well as case analysis, making comparisons, relationships and generalizations to determine and understand the causes problems or difficulties in the relationship of the school environment with the process of teaching-learning of children. The technique used in the research was the survey; it was designed and validated with closed-ended questions and was applied individually to three teachers and twenty-five parents; and an observation guide that was made to the school environment where twenty-five children are. The instrument applied individually to teachers and parents is equivalent to 100% know that the school environment is related to the teaching-learning process and the observation made to the school environment where children corresponding to 100% developed, environmental factors that lack of management by institutional authorities no improvement in the classroom environment characterized. In conclusion it has been determined that the existing environmental factors such as: the lack of lighting and ventilation, weather conditions, limited physical space and environmental stressors is related to the learning that children show, because they do not have a favorable environment to overcome the limitations that currently have in the teaching-learning process. Therefore, it is recommended to implement and execute the renewal and adaptation of the facilities of the school, in order to improve the school environment and overcome the difficulties in teaching and learning-processes. La presente investigación: EL AMBIENTE ESCOLAR Y EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE EN LAS NIÑAS Y NIÑOS DEL PRIMER GRADO DE EDUCACIÒN GENERAL BÁSICA DE LA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA “MANUEL JOSÉ RODRÍGUEZ” DE LA PARROQUIA MALACATOS, PERÍODO 2013 – 2014. LINEAMIENTOS ALTERNATIVOS. Tiene como objetivo general: Determinar la relación del ambiente escolar con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las niñas y niños del Primer Grado de Educación General Básica de la Unidad Educativa “Manuel José Rodríguez” de la Parroquia Malacatos, período 2013-2014. Para su ejecución se planteó el método analítico, sintético, inductivo y deductivo; los mismos que sirvieron para el procesamiento de la información empírica, así como para el análisis de casos, estableciendo comparaciones, relaciones y generalizaciones para determinar y comprender las causas de los problemas en la relación del ambiente escolar con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las niñas y niños. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta con la que se diseñó y validó con preguntas de tipo cerrado a tres docentes y veinticinco padres de familia; y una guía de observación que fue realizada al ambiente escolar donde están veinticinco niños y niñas. El instrumento aplicado de forma individual a docentes y padres que equivale al 100%, conocen que el ambiente escolar tiene relación con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y con la observación realizada al ambiente escolar donde se desarrollan los niños y niñas que corresponde al 100%, se caracterizó los factores ambientes que por falta de gestión de las autoridades institucionales no hay mejoras en el ambiente de clase. Como conclusiones se ha podido determinar que los existentes factores ambientales como: la falta de iluminación y ventilación, situaciones climáticas, escaso espacio físico, factores estresantes tiene relación con el aprendizaje que demuestran los niños y niñas, pues no disponen de un ambiente favorable para superar las limitaciones que hoy tienen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Por lo tanto se recomienda implementar y ejecutar la renovación o adecuación de las instalaciones del Centro Educativo, con la finalidad de mejorar el ambiente escolar, y superar las dificultades en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

A spinal cord injury interrupts the communication between the brain and the region of the spinal cord that produces walking, leading to paralysis(1,2). Here, we restored this communication with a digital bridge between the brain and spinal cord that enabled an individual with chronic tetraplegia to stand and walk naturally in community settings. This brain-spine interface (BSI) consists of fully implanted recording and stimulation systems that establish a direct link between cortical signals(3) and the analogue modulation of epidural electrical stimulation targeting the spinal cord regions involved in the production of walking(4-6). A highly reliable BSI is calibrated within a few minutes. This reliability has remained stable over one year, including during independent use at home. The participant reports that the BSI enables natural control over the movements of his legs to stand, walk, climb stairs and even traverse complex terrains. Moreover, neurorehabilitation supported by the BSI improved neurological recovery. The participant regained the ability to walk with crutches overground even when the BSI was switched off. This digital bridge establishes a framework to restore natural control of movement after paralysis.