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This study determined the role and challenges of micro small and medium scale building construction enterprises in boasting the Nigerian economy. Three purposes and three research questions were formulated to guide the study. Survey research design was adopted for getting opinions from the target population. The populations of the study consist of site clerks, contractors and estate developers randomly sampled to a sample size of 60 respondents. This is made up of 20 site clerks, 20 contractors and 20 estate developers. A 42 items structured questionnaire on 4 point scale was developed and used as instrument for data collection. The entire instruments administered were collected back. The method of data analysis adopted was mean and standard deviation and the decision rule was based on the average of the 4 point scale which is 2.50. The findings of the study identified the roles and challenges of small and medium scale building construction and some strategies for improving the role of small and medium scale businesses were determined which include: the provision of adequate funding accessible for entrepreneurs, by creating a conducive atmosphere to encourage the development and growth of building construction enterprises in Nigeria. One of the recommendations made was, to emphasize, support, and facilitate the role of small and medium scale building construction enterprises in the development of the economy by relevant authorities and stakeholders in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]