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This article, published in the Journal of Neurological Surgery, explores the surgical anatomy and variations of the inferior hypophyseal artery (IHA), which is closely related to pituitary lesions and lesions in the cavernous sinus. The study used anatomical specimens to investigate the origin, course, branching, and relations of the IHA. The findings reveal that the IHA usually arises from the meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) and runs in an anterior, medial direction to the medial wall of the cavernous sinus. Understanding the surgical anatomy of the IHA and its variations can assist surgeons in approaching challenging lesions in the cavernous sinus. [Extracted from the article]