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4. Nuclear shielding of openings in ITER Tokamak building

Author

Dammann, A., Arumugam, A.P., Beaudoin, V., Beltran, D., Benchikhoune, M., Berruyer, F., Cortes, P., Gandini, F., Ghirelli, N., Gray, A., Hurzlmeier, H., Le Page, M., Lemée, A., Lentini, G., Loughlin, M., Mita, Y., Patisson, L., Rigoni, G., Rathi, D., and Song, I.

Published
2013
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6. An overview of control system for the ITER electron cyclotron system

Author

Purohit, D., Bigelow, T., Billava, D., Bonicelli, T., Caughman, J., Darbos, C., Denisov, G., Gandini, F., Gassmann, T., Henderson, M., Journeux, J.Y., Kajiwara, K., Kobayashi, N., Nazare, C., Oda, Y., Omori, T., Rao, S.L., Rasmussen, D., Ronden, D., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sartori, F., Takahashi, K., and Temkin, R.

Published
2011
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7. Overview of the ITER EC H&CD system and its capabilities

Author

Omori, T., Henderson, M.A., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Baruah, U., Bigelow, T.S., Beckett, B., Bertizzolo, R., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Caughman, J.B., Chavan, R., Cirant, S., Collazos, A., Cox, D., Darbos, C., de Baar, M.R., Denisov, G., Farina, D., Gandini, F., Gassmann, T., Goodman, T.P., Heidinger, R., Hogge, J.P., Illy, S., Jean, O., Jin, J., Kajiwara, K., Kasparek, W., Kasugai, A., Kern, S., Kobayashi, N., Kumric, H., Landis, J.D., Moro, A., Nazare, C., Oda, Y., Pagonakis, I., Piosczyk, B., Platania, P., Plaum, B., Poli, E., Porte, L., Purohit, D., Ramponi, G., Rao, S.L., Rasmussen, D.A., Ronden, D.M.S., Rzesnicki, T., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sanchez, F., Scherer, T., Shapiro, M.A., Sozzi, C., Spaeh, P., Strauss, D., Sauter, O., Takahashi, K., Temkin, R.J., Thumm, M., Tran, M.Q., Udintsev, V.S., and Zohm, H.

Published
2011
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9. Conceptual design of the ECH upper launcher system for ITER

Author

Heidinger, R., Bertizzolo, R., Bruschi, A., Chavan, R., Cirant, S., Collazos, A., de Baar, M., Elzendoorn, B., Farina, D., Fischer, U., Gafert, J., Gandini, F., Gantenbein, G., Goede, A., Goodman, T., Hailfinger, G., Henderson, M., Kasparek, W., Kleefeldt, K., Landis, J.-D., Meier, A., Moro, A., Platania, P., Poli, E., Ramponi, G., Saibene, G., Sanchez, F., Sauter, O., Scherer, T., Serikov, A., Shidara, H., Sozzi, C., Spaeh, P., Strauss, D., Udintsev, V.S., Vaccaro, A., Zohm, H., and Zucca, C.

Published
2009
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14. Status of Europe’s contribution to the ITER EC system

Author

Albajar F., Aiello G., Alberti S., Arnold F., Avramidis K., Bader M., Batista R., Bertizzolo R., Bonicelli T., Braunmueller F., Brescan C., Bruschi A., von Burg B., Camino K., Carannante G., Casarin V., Castillo A., Cauvard F., Cavalieri C., Cavinato M., Chavan R., Chelis J., Cismondi F., Combescure D., Darbos C., Farina D., Fasel D., Figini L., Gagliardi M., Gandini F., Gantenbein G., Gassmann T., Gessner R., Goodman T.P., Gracia V., Grossetti G., Heemskerk C., Henderson M., Hermann V., Hogge J.P., Illy S., Ioannidis Z., Jelonnek J., Jin J., Kasparek W., Koning J., Krause A.S., Landis J.D., Latsas G., Li F., Mazzocchi F., Meier A., Moro A., Nousiainen R., Purohit D., Nowak S., Omori T., van Oosterhout J., Pacheco J., Pagonakis I., Platania P., Poli E., Preis A.K., Ronden D., Rozier Y., Rzesnicki T., Saibene G., Sanchez F., Sartori F., Sauter O., Scherer T., Schlatter C., Schreck S., Serikov A., Siravo U., Sozzi C., Spaeh P., Spichiger A., Strauss D., Takahashi K., Thumm M., Tigelis I., Vaccaro A., Vomvoridis J., Tran M.Q., and Weinhorst B.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The electron cyclotron (EC) system of ITER for the initial configuration is designed to provide 20MW of RF power into the plasma during 3600s and a duty cycle of up to 25% for heating and (co and counter) non-inductive current drive, also used to control the MHD plasma instabilities. The EC system is being procured by 5 domestic agencies plus the ITER Organization (IO). F4E has the largest fraction of the EC procurements, which includes 8 high voltage power supplies (HVPS), 6 gyrotrons, the ex-vessel waveguides (includes isolation valves and diamond windows) for all launchers, 4 upper launchers and the main control system. F4E is working with IO to improve the overall design of the EC system by integrating consolidated technological advances, simplifying the interfaces, and doing global engineering analysis and assessments of EC heating and current drive physics and technology capabilities. Examples are the optimization of the HVPS and gyrotron requirements and performance relative to power modulation for MHD control, common qualification programs for diamond window procurements, assessment of the EC grounding system, and the optimization of the launcher steering angles for improved EC access. Here we provide an update on the status of Europe’s contribution to the ITER EC system, and a summary of the global activities underway by F4E in collaboration with IO for the optimization of the subsystems.

Published
2015
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16. Correspondence

Author

Monestiroli, U. M., Bondurri, A., Gandini, F., Lenna, G., Vellini, S., Danelli, P., Costamagna, D., Spinelli, A., Sandru, R., Mioli, P. R., Pintor, M. P., and Bona, R.

Published
2007
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21. Untangling Neolithic and Bronze Age mitochondrial lineages in South Asia

Author

Silva, M., primary, Justeau, P., additional, Rodrigues, S., additional, Oteo-Garcia, G., additional, Dulias, K., additional, Foody, G., additional, Fichera, A., additional, Yau, B., additional, Rito, T., additional, Wilson, J. F., additional, Gandini, F., additional, Edwards, C. J., additional, Pala, M., additional, Soares, P. A., additional, and Richards, M. B., additional

Published
2019
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27. Origin and spread of human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U7

Author

Sahakyan, H. Kashani, B.H. Tamang, R. Kushniarevich, A. Francis, A. Costa, M.D. Pathak, A.K. Khachatryan, Z. Sharma, I. Van Oven, M. Parik, J. Hovhannisyan, H. Metspalu, E. Pennarun, E. Karmin, M. Tamm, E. Tambets, K. Bahmanimehr, A. Reisberg, T. Reidla, M. Achilli, A. Olivieri, A. Gandini, F. Perego, U.A. Al-Zahery, N. Houshmand, M. Sanati, M.H. Soares, P. Rai, E. Šarac, J. Šarić, T. Sharma, V. Pereira, L. Fernandes, V. Černý, V. Farjadian, S. Singh, D.P. Azakli, H. Üstek, D. Trofimova, N.E. Kutuev, I. Litvinov, S. Bermisheva, M. Khusnutdinova, E.K. Rai, N. Singh, M. Singh, V.K. Reddy, A.G. Tolk, H.-V. Cvjetan, S. Lauc, L.B. Rudan, P. Michalodimitrakis, E.N. Anagnou, N.P. Pappa, K.I. Golubenko, M.V. Orekhov, V. Borinskaya, S.A. Kaldma, K. Schauer, M.A. Simionescu, M. Gusar, V. Grechanina, E. Govindaraj, P. Voevoda, M. Damba, L. Sharma, S. Singh, L. Semino, O. Behar, D.M. Yepiskoposyan, L. Richards, M.B. Metspalu, M. Kivisild, T. Thangaraj, K. Endicott, P. Chaubey, G. Torroni, A. Villems, R.

Abstract

Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U is among the initial maternal founders in Southwest Asia and Europe and one that best indicates matrilineal genetic continuity between late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer groups and present-day populations of Europe. While most haplogroup U subclades are older than 30 thousand years, the comparatively recent coalescence time of the extant variation of haplogroup U7 (∼16-19 thousand years ago) suggests that its current distribution is the consequence of more recent dispersal events, despite its wide geographical range across Europe, the Near East and South Asia. Here we report 267 new U7 mitogenomes that - analysed alongside 100 published ones - enable us to discern at least two distinct temporal phases of dispersal, both of which most likely emanated from the Near East. The earlier one began prior to the Holocene (∼11.5 thousand years ago) towards South Asia, while the later dispersal took place more recently towards Mediterranean Europe during the Neolithic (∼8 thousand years ago). These findings imply that the carriers of haplogroup U7 spread to South Asia and Europe before the suggested Bronze Age expansion of Indo-European languages from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe region. © The Author(s) 2017.

Published
2017

28. Origin and spread of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U7

Author

Sahakyan, H, Kashani, BH, Tamang, R, Kushniarevich, A, Francis, A, Costa, MD, Pathak, AK, Khachatryan, Z, Sharma, I, van Oven, M, Parik, J, Hovhannisyan, H, Metspalu, E, Pennarun, E, Karmin, M, Tamm, E, Tambets, K, Bahmanimehr, A, Reisberg, T, Reidla, M, Achilli, A, Olivieri, A, Gandini, F, Perego, UA, Al-Zahery, N, Houshmand, M, Sanati, MH, Soares, P, Rai, E, Šarac, J, Šarić, T, Sharma, V, Pereira, L, Fernandes, V, Černý, V, Farjadian, S, Singh, DP, Azakli, H, Üstek, D, Ekomasova, NT, Kutuev, I, Litvinov, S, Bermisheva, M, Khusnutdinova, EK, Rai, N, Singh, M, Singh, VK, Reddy, AG, Tolk, HV, Cvjetan, S, Lauc, LB, Rudan, P, Michalodimitrakis, EN, Anagnou, NP, Pappa, KI, Golubenko, MV, Orekhov, V, Borinskaya, SA, Kaldma, K, Schauer, MA, Simionescu, M, Gusar, V, Grechanina, E, Govindaraj, P, Voevoda, M, Damba, L, Sharma, S, Singh, L, Semino, O, Behar, DM, Yepiskoposyan, L, Richards, MB, Metspalu, M, Kivisild, T, Thangaraj, K, Endicott, P, Chaubey, G, Torroni, A, Villems, R, and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde

Subjects
Bronze Age, Europe, Mitochondrial haplogroup, Middle East, Steppe, Holocene, Human experiment, Neolithic, South Asia, Human, Language
Abstract

Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U is among the initial maternal founders in Southwest Asia and Europe and one that best indicates matrilineal genetic continuity between late Pleistocene huntergatherer groups and present-day populations of Europe. While most haplogroup U subclades are older than 30 thousand years, the comparatively recent coalescence time of the extant variation of haplogroup U7 (~16–19 thousand years ago) suggests that its current distribution is the consequence of more recent dispersal events, despite its wide geographical range across Europe, the Near East and South Asia. Here we report 267 new U7 mitogenomes that – analysed alongside 100 published ones – enable us to discern at least two distinct temporal phases of dispersal, both of which most likely emanated from the Near East. The earlier one began prior to the Holocene (~11.5 thousand years ago) towards South Asia, while the later dispersal took place more recently towards Mediterranean Europe during the Neolithic (~8 thousand years ago). These findings imply that the carriers of haplogroup U7 spread to South Asia and Europe before the suggested Bronze Age expansion of Indo-European languages from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe region.

Published
2017

29. An overview of the ITER electron cyclotron H&CD system

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Temkin, Richard J., Temkin, Richard J, Henderson, M., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Baruah, U., Bigelow, T., Becket, B., Bertizzolo, R., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Caughman, J., Chavan, R., Cirant, S., Collazos, A., Darbos, C., de Baar, M., Denisov, G., Farina, D., Gandini, F., Gassman, T., Goodman, T. P., Heidinger, R., Hogge, J. P., Jean, O., Kajiwara, K., Kasparek, W., Kasugai, A., Kern, S., Kobayashi, N., Landis, J. D., Moro, A., Nazare, C., Oda, J., Paganakis, I., Platania, P., Plaum, B., Poli, E., Porte, L., Pioscyzyk, B., Ramponi, G., Rao, S. L., Rasmussen, D., Ronden, D., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sanchez, F., Scherer, T., Shapiro, M., Sozzi, C., Spaeh, P., Straus, D., Sauter, O., Takahashi, K., Tanga, A., Thumm, M., Tran, M. Q., Zohm, H., Zucca, C., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Temkin, Richard J., Temkin, Richard J, Henderson, M., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Baruah, U., Bigelow, T., Becket, B., Bertizzolo, R., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Caughman, J., Chavan, R., Cirant, S., Collazos, A., Darbos, C., de Baar, M., Denisov, G., Farina, D., Gandini, F., Gassman, T., Goodman, T. P., Heidinger, R., Hogge, J. P., Jean, O., Kajiwara, K., Kasparek, W., Kasugai, A., Kern, S., Kobayashi, N., Landis, J. D., Moro, A., Nazare, C., Oda, J., Paganakis, I., Platania, P., Plaum, B., Poli, E., Porte, L., Pioscyzyk, B., Ramponi, G., Rao, S. L., Rasmussen, D., Ronden, D., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sanchez, F., Scherer, T., Shapiro, M., Sozzi, C., Spaeh, P., Straus, D., Sauter, O., Takahashi, K., Tanga, A., Thumm, M., Tran, M. Q., Zohm, H., and Zucca, C.

Abstract

This paper reviews the design and functionality of the 24 MW 170 GHz electron cyclotron heating and current drive system being planned for the ITER Tokamak. The sub-systems (power supplies, gyrotrons, transmission lines and launcher antennas) are described based on present day technologies, while on-going R&D provides component and sub-system testing with the possibility of increasing the reliability of the overall EC system. Modifications to the steering ranges of the launching antennas are under investigation that can improve the functional capabilities of the EC system without increasing cost and relaxing the engineering constraints.

Published
2017

30. Matched calorimetric loads for high power millimeter-wave gyrotrons

Author

Bruschi, A, Muzzini, V, Spinicchia, N, Benocci, R, Carcano, G, Cirant, S, Gandini, F, Gittini, G, Granucci, G, Leuterer, F, Mellera, V, Monaco, F, Muenich, M, Nardone, A, Schuetz, H, Signorelli, E, Simonetto, A, Sozzi, C, Bruschi A., Muzzini V., Spinicchia N., Benocci R., Carcano G., Cirant S., Gandini F., Gittini G., Granucci G., Leuterer F., Mellera V., Monaco F., Muenich M., Nardone A., Schuetz H., Signorelli E., Simonetto A., Sozzi C., Bruschi, A, Muzzini, V, Spinicchia, N, Benocci, R, Carcano, G, Cirant, S, Gandini, F, Gittini, G, Granucci, G, Leuterer, F, Mellera, V, Monaco, F, Muenich, M, Nardone, A, Schuetz, H, Signorelli, E, Simonetto, A, Sozzi, C, Bruschi A., Muzzini V., Spinicchia N., Benocci R., Carcano G., Cirant S., Gandini F., Gittini G., Granucci G., Leuterer F., Mellera V., Monaco F., Muenich M., Nardone A., Schuetz H., Signorelli E., Simonetto A., and Sozzi C.

Abstract

High power gyrotron testing at long pulses is a necessary step in the development of mm-wave systems for fusion research. For this purpose a compact calorimetric load is being developed, with low overall reflectivity (< 5%) and aiming at 1 MW-CW capabilities, after the good performances of the loads (0.5 MW, 0.5 s per pulse) installed on the 140 GHz ECRH plant of the FTU Tokamak in Frascati. Tests at the same frequency but at higher power (0.7 MW, 1 s) and longer pulses (up to 2 s at 0.5 MW) on the ASDEX-Upgrade ECRH plant showed, after repeated exposures, damages on the absorbing layer, recognized as thermal effects due to the local enhancement of incident power: the effects visible near the entrance port are explained studying the superposition (with interference) of waves reflected inside the sphere. Samples of degraded and non-degraded coating have been analyzed with various techniques, revealing changes of the substrate's physical characteristics. Measurements of absorber temperature during and after the pulse, performed with an infrared detector looking directly into the load, allowed estimates of the peak temperature and thermal properties of the coating in the real working conditions. Improvements on power deposition, geometry and cooling are proposed, to be integrated in a new load design. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2003

31. Whole mitochondrial genomes unveil the impact of domestication on goat matrilineal variability

Author

Colli, Licia, Lancioni, H., Cardinali, I., Olivieri, A., Capodiferro, M. R., Pellecchia, Marco, Rzepus, Marcin, Zamani, W., Naderi, S., Gandini, F., Vahidi, S. M. F., Agha, S., Randi, E., Battaglia, V., Sardina, M. T., Portolano, B., Rezaei, H. R., Lymberakis, P., Boyer, F., Coissac, E., Pompanon, F., Taberlet, P., Ajmone Marsan, Paolo, Achilli, A., Colli L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7221-2905), Pellecchia M., Rzepus M., Ajmone Marsan P. (ORCID:0000-0003-3165-4579), Colli, Licia, Lancioni, H., Cardinali, I., Olivieri, A., Capodiferro, M. R., Pellecchia, Marco, Rzepus, Marcin, Zamani, W., Naderi, S., Gandini, F., Vahidi, S. M. F., Agha, S., Randi, E., Battaglia, V., Sardina, M. T., Portolano, B., Rezaei, H. R., Lymberakis, P., Boyer, F., Coissac, E., Pompanon, F., Taberlet, P., Ajmone Marsan, Paolo, Achilli, A., Colli L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7221-2905), Pellecchia M., Rzepus M., and Ajmone Marsan P. (ORCID:0000-0003-3165-4579)

Abstract

Background: The current extensive use of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) is the result of its medium size and high adaptability as multiple breeds. The extent to which its genetic variability was influenced by early domestication practices is largely unknown. A common standard by which to analyze maternally-inherited variability of livestock species is through complete sequencing of the entire mitogenome (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA). Results: We present the first extensive survey of goat mitogenomic variability based on 84 complete sequences selected from an initial collection of 758 samples that represent 60 different breeds of C. hircus, as well as its wild sister species, bezoar (Capra aegagrus) from Iran. Our phylogenetic analyses dated the most recent common ancestor of C. hircus to ∼460,000 years (ka) ago and identified five distinctive domestic haplogroups (A, B1, C1a, D1 and G). More than 90 % of goats examined were in haplogroup A. These domestic lineages are predominantly nested within C. aegagrus branches, diverged concomitantly at the interface between the Epipaleolithic and early Neolithic periods, and underwent a dramatic expansion starting from ∼12-10 ka ago. Conclusions: Domestic goat mitogenomes descended from a small number of founding haplotypes that underwent domestication after surviving the last glacial maximum in the Near Eastern refuges. All modern haplotypes A probably descended from a single (or at most a few closely related) female C. aegagrus. Zooarchaelogical data indicate that domestication first occurred in Southeastern Anatolia. Goats accompanying the first Neolithic migration waves into the Mediterranean were already characterized by two ancestral A and C variants. The ancient separation of the C branch (∼130 ka ago) suggests a genetically distinct population that could have been involved in a second event of domestication. The novel diagnostic mutational motifs defined here, which distinguish wild and domestic haplogroups, could be u

Published
2015

39. Present Status of the 24 MW, 170 GHz ITER EC H&CD system

Author

Henderson M. A., Albajar F., Alberti S., Baruah U., Bigelow T., Becket B., Bertizzolo R., Bonicelli T., Bruschi A., Caughman J., Chavan R., Cirant S., Darbos C., de Baar M., Denisov G., Farina D., Gandini F., Gassman T., Goodman T.P. Heidinger R., Hogge J.P., Kajiwara K., Kasparek W., Kasugai A., Kern S., Kobayashi N., Landis J.D., LitvaK A., Moro A., Myasnikov V., Nazare C., Oda Y., Omori T., Pagonakis I., Parmar D., Peters B., Platania P, Plaum B., Poli E., Porte L., Piosczyk B., Purohit D., Ramponi G., Rao S. L., Rasmussen D., Ronden D., Saibene G., Sakamoto K., Sanchez F., Scherer T., Schreck S., Singh N.P., Shapiro M., Sozzi C., Spaeh P., Strauss D., Sauter O., Tai E., Takahashi K., Temkin R., Thomas P.., Thumm M., and Zohm H.

Subjects
____
Abstract

___

Published
2011

41. An overview of the ITER ECH&CD system and functional capabilities

Author

Henderson M.A., Albajar F., Alberti S., Baruah U., Bigelow T., Becket B., Bertizzolo R., Bonicelli T., Bruschi A., Caughman J., Chavan R., Cirant S., Collazos A., Cox A., Darbos C., de Baar M., Denisov G., Farina D., Gandini F., Gassman T., Goodman T.P. Heidinger R., Hogge J.P., Illy S., Jean O., Jin J., Kajiwara K., Kasparek W., Kasugai A., Kern S., Kobayashi N., Kumric H., Landis J.D., Moro A., Nazare C., Oda Y., Omori T., Paganakis I., Piosczyk B., Platania P., Plaum B., Poli E., Porte L., Purohit D., Ramponi G., Rzesnicki T., Rao S.L., Rasmussen D., Ronde D., Saibene G., Sakamoto K., Sanchez F., Scherer T., Shapiro M., Sozzi C., Spaeh P., Strauss D., Sauter O., Takahashi K., Tanga A., Temkin R., Thumm M., Tran M.Q., Udintsev V.S., Zohm H., and Zucca C.

Subjects
____
Abstract

Articolo numero ITR/P1-10

Published
2010

43. First experimental results from the European union 2-MW coaxial cavity ITER gyrotron prototype

Author

Hogge J. P., Goodman T. P., Alberti S., Albajar F., Avramides K. A., Benin P., Bethuys S., Bin W., Bonicelli T., Bruschi A., Cirant S., Droz E., Dumbrajs O., Fasel D., Gandini F., Gantenbein G., Illy S., Jawla S., Jin J., Kern S., Lavanchy P., Liévin C., Marletaz, Marmillod P., Perez A., Piosczyk B., Pagonakis I., Porte L., Rzesnickl T., Siravo U., Thumm M., and Tran M. Q.

Subjects
high-power microwave sources, ITER, gyrotrons
Abstract

The European Union is working toward providing 2-MW, coaxial-cavity, continuous-wave (cw) 170-GHz gyrotrons for ITER. Their design is based on results,from an experimental preprototype tube having a pulse length of several milliseconds, in operation at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK) for several years now. The first industrial prototype tube was designed for cw operation but, in a first phase, aimed at a pulse length of 1 s at the European Gyrotron Test Facility in Lausanne, Switzerland, as part of a phased testing/development program. (1 s, 60 s, cw). The first experimental results of the operation of this prototype gyrotron are reported here. The microwave generation was characterized at very short pulse length (

Published
2009

44. Recent progress in the ITER EC H&CD system

Author

Henderson, M., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Baruah, U., Bigelow, T., Becket, B., Bertizzolo, R., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Caughman, J., Chavan, R., Cirant, S., Collazos, A., Darbos, C., DeBaar, M., Denisov, G., Farina, D., Gandini, F., Gassman, T., Goodman, T.P., Heidinger, R., Hogge, J.P., Jean, O., Kajiwara, K., Kasparek, W., Kasugai, A., Kern, S., Kobayashi, N., Landis, J.D., Moro, A., Nazare, C., Oda, J., Pagonakis, I., Platania, P., Plaum, B., Poli, E., Porte, L., Piosczyk, B., Ramponi, G., Rao, S.L., Rasmussen, D., Ronden, D., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sanchez, F., Scherer, T., Shapiro, M., Sozzi, C., Spaeh, P., Straus, D., Sauter, O., Takahashi, K., Tanga, A., Temkin, R., Thumm, M., Tran, M.Q., Zohm, H., and Zucca, C.

Subjects
ddc:620, Engineering & allied operations
Published
2009

47. Algoritmi di Allineamento

Author

Muzzini V., Bruschi A., Cirant S., Gandini F., Gittini G., Granucci G., Mullera V., Simonetto A., and Sozzi C.

Subjects
___
Abstract

___

Published
2007

48. Experiments on FTU with a liquid lithium limiter

Author

Mazzitelli G., Apicella M. L., Pericoli Ridolfini V., Alekseyev A., Apruzzese G., Bin W., BurattiP., Cesario R., Cipiccia S., Calabrò G., De Angelis R., Gabellieri L., Gandini F., Giovannozzi E., Gomes R., Granucci G., Esposito B., Kroegler H., and Lyublinski

Subjects
___
Abstract

____

Published
2007

49. Short-pulse calorimetric load for high power millimeter-wave beams

Author

Gandini, F., Alessandro Bruschi, Cirant, S., Gittini, G., Muzzini, V., and Spinicchia, N.

Subjects
___
Abstract

A spherical compact matched load, for high vacuum operation suited for short pulses (2MW. 0.1s.) precise measurement has been designed to test high power gyrotrons. In order to enhance the power handling capability of the load and to reduce the operation problems that may arise from an excessive reflection from the load a ray tracing code has been written to model the power distribution on the inner surface and the pattern of the reflected radiation. The outcome of this code has been used to select a more convenient profile for the spreading mirror of the load and to optimize a pre-load specially conceived to minimize the power reflected fraction.

Published
2006

50. A family of calorimetric loads for high power millimetric wavelength beams

Author

Cirant S., Bin W., Bruschi A., Gandini F., Granucci G., Mellera V., Spinicchia N., and Sozzi C.

Subjects
____
Abstract

The paper describes the design, calculation and performances of a fam-ily of calorimetric matched loads to be used with high power, millime-ter wave gyrotrons for ECRH applications in plasma physics. All the loads in the family are based on the same identical concept of a copper sphere coated on the inside with a partially absorbing ceramic layer. Different applications are foreseen, from a precise characterization of the e.m. beam power distribution in short pulses (up to 0.1 s), to the ab-sorption and calorimetric measure of beams at 2 MW, CW. The loads differ mainly in the way in which heat is removed, and calorimetry is performed.

Published
2006

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