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AimTo investigate whether the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical category cT2b needs to be subclassified by the type and distribution of retinoblastoma (RB) seeding.MethodsMulticentre, international registry-based data were collected from RB centres enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. 1054 RB eyes with vitreous or subretinal seeds from 18 ophthalmic oncology centres, in 13 countries within six continents were analysed. Local treatment failure was defined as the use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsClinical category cT2b included 1054 eyes. Median age at presentation was 16.0 months. Of these, 428 (40.6%) eyes were salvaged, and 430 (40.8%) were treated with primary and 196 (18.6%) with secondary enucleation. Of the 592 eyes that had complete data for globe salvage analysis, the distribution of seeds was focal in 143 (24.2%) and diffuse in 449 (75.8%). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative globe-salvage (without EBRT) was 78% and 49% for eyes with focal and diffuse RB seeding, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher local treatment failure risk with diffuse seeds as compared with focal seeds (hazard rate: 2.8; pConclusionThis international, multicentre, registry-based analysis of RB eyes affirmed that eyes with diffuse intraocular distribution of RB seeds at diagnosis had a higher risk of local treatment failure when compared with focal seeds. Subclassification of AJCC RB category cT2b into focal vs diffuse seeds will improve prognostication for eye salvage.

AIM: To investigate whether the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical category cT2b needs to be subclassified by the type and distribution of retinoblastoma (RB) seeding. METHODS: Multicentre, international registry-based data were collected from RB centres enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. 1054 RB eyes with vitreous or subretinal seeds from 18 ophthalmic oncology centres, in 13 countries within six continents were analysed. Local treatment failure was defined as the use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Clinical category cT2b included 1054 eyes. Median age at presentation was 16.0 months. Of these, 428 (40.6%) eyes were salvaged, and 430 (40.8%) were treated with primary and 196 (18.6%) with secondary enucleation. Of the 592 eyes that had complete data for globe salvage analysis, the distribution of seeds was focal in 143 (24.2%) and diffuse in 449 (75.8%). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative globe-salvage (without EBRT) was 78% and 49% for eyes with focal and diffuse RB seeding, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher local treatment failure risk with diffuse seeds as compared with focal seeds (hazard rate: 2.8; p

Pollen of five grape cultivars stored in liquid nitrogen ( -196 °C) showed no significant decrease in percentage germination after 64 weeks, whereas pollen stored under laboratory conditions lost viability within 4 weeks. Significant differences in pollen viability were recorded among the cultivars after the storage duration of 64 weeks. This technique of pollen cryopreservation will be advantageous for grape breeders and gene banks involved in pollen preservation for conservation of grape genetic resources., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 24 No. 3 (1985): VITIS

Befruchtungsfähigkeit von gefrierkonserviertem Pollen der Rebe (Vitis vinifera L.) Durch kontrollierte Bestäubung wurde die Befruchtungsfähigkeit gefrierkonservierter Pollen von Black Champa (BC) und Queen of Vineyards (QVY) nach bis zu 5jähriger Lagerung geprüft. Verschiedene Elternkombinationen unter Einschluß von Selbstungen zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede des prozentualen Beerenansatzes; im Vergleich zu den jeweiligen Kontrollen mit Frischpollen war jedoch eine signifikante Abnahme der Befruchtungsfähigkeit zu verzeichnen. Bei allen Kreuzungen unter Verwendung von gefrierkonserviertem Pollen ging die Anzahl der Kerne je Beere zurück; dies weist auf eine mögliche Abnahme der Fertilität hin. Übertragung von gefrierkonserviertem Pollen (QVY) auf die Narben einer abweichenden Sorte (BC) ergab den höchsten prozentualen Beerenansatz bei schwacher Kernausbeute. Bei der in-vitro-Keimung des Pollens nach unterschiedlicher Dauer der Gefrierkonservierung wurde eine hohe Vitalitätsrate - frischem Pollen vergleichbar - registriert; signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Sorten, der Dauer der Gefrierlagerung oder deren Interaktionen wurden jedoch nicht festgestellt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung beweist die Lebensfähigkeit von gefrierkonserviertem Pollen auch nach langer Lagerungsdauer, wobei jedoch im Freiland mit niedriger Fertilität, geringem Fruchtansatz und schwacher Kernausbeute gerechnet werden muß., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 29 No. 3 (1990): Vitis

The effect of soil parameters on the distribution of soil fauna was carried out in Mauritius during summer from November 2012 to April 2013. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of soil fauna of roadside trees at three elevations in Mauritius. Soil fauna were collected utilizing pitfall traps made of plastic cups at three different elevations (Flic en Flac, 5 m; Rose-Hill, 221 m; and Mare aux Vacoas, 569 m). Traps were placed among Casuarina equisetifolia (5m), Dictyosperma album (221 m) and Pinus sylvestris (569 m) trees. A total of 18730 individuals were sampled of which 10740 individuals were sampled at 5 m, 5293 individuals at 221 m and 2697 individuals at 569 m. Significant difference was recorded between study sites and months when considering humidity, temperature, soil carbon content and soil moisture (p 0.05) but significant difference was recorded between study sites (p