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CD47‐SIRPα axis is an immunotherapeutic target in tumor therapy. However, current monoclonal antibody targeting CD47‐SIRPα axis is associated with on‐target off‐tumor and antigen sink effects, which significantly limit its potential clinical application. Herein, a biomimetic nano‐degrader is developed to inhibit CD47‐SIRPα axis in a site‐specific manner through SIRPα degradation, and its efficacy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is evaluated. The nano‐degrader is constructed by hybridizing liposome with red blood cell (RBC) membrane (RLP), which mimics the CD47 density of senescent RBCs and possesses a natural high‐affinity binding capability to SIRPα on macrophages without signaling capacity. RLP would bind with SIRPα and induce its lysosomal degradation through receptor‐mediated endocytosis. To enhance its tissue specificity, Ly6G antibody conjugation (aRLP) is applied, enabling its attachment to neutrophils and accumulation within inflammatory sites. In the myocardial infarction model, aRLP accumulated in the infarcted myocardium blocks CD47‐SIRPα axis and subsequently promoted the efferocytosis of apoptotic cardiomyocytes by macrophage, improved heart repair. This nano‐degrader efficiently degraded SIRPα in lysosomes, providing a new strategy for immunotherapy with great clinical transformation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel variable structure controller based on sliding mode is developed for addressing the trajectory tracking challenge encountered by wheeled mobile robots. Firstly, the trajectory tracking error model under the global coordinate system is established according to the kinematic model of the wheeled mobile robot. Secondly, the novel sliding mode algorithm and backstepping method are introduced to design the motion controller of the system, respectively. Different sliding mode surfaces are formulated to guarantee rapid and stable convergence of the system's trajectory tracking error to zero. Ultimately, comparative simulation trials validate the controller's ability to swiftly and consistently follow the reference trajectory. In contrast to traditional controllers, this controller shows rapid convergence, minimal error, and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fringe projection profilometry is widely used in 3D structured light due to its fast speed and accuracy. However, in the process of phase unwrapping, it is easy to cause invalid points in the edges and shadows of objects, which leads to error points in 3D reconstruction. To solve this problem, we propose an invalid points removal method based on Markov random fields. Specifically, the proposed method formulates unwrapped phase and mask maps as energy functions and uses iterative methods to minimize them. Furthermore, we validate the proposed method in a monocular structured light system and compare it with existing algorithms. Results show that the proposed method effectively identifies edges and shadows while preserving valid points, and has strong robustness and correctness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco classification is a challenging research topic and plays a crucial role in the process of cigarette production. Tobacco classification mainly relies on manual selection, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and subjective. With the development of machine learning, how to automatically classify tobacco leaves has become a fast-growing research issue. However, the lack of high-quality tobacco image dataset limits the applications of deep learning approaches seriously. In addition, a large number of parameters, single-scale features, and high computational complexity further affect the classification results. To address these problems, we establish a new tobacco dataset, which contains 11849 labeled tobacco leaf images in 9 categories. Then, a multi-channel and multi-scale separable dilated convolution neural network with attention mechanism is proposed. The adopted separable dilated convolution increases the receptive fields of the convolution kernels and improves the calculation speed and accuracy of the model without increasing the number of training parameters. Then, the attention mechanism is integrated, so that the network can assign higher weights for discriminative features and get rid of redundant ones by assigning lower even zero weights. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Based on our new dataset, the average classification result of the proposed method achieves 98.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A class of heterogeneous second-order multi-agent consensus problems is studied, in which an event-triggered method is used to improve the feasibility of the control protocol. The sliding mode control method is used to achieve the robustness of the system. A special type of general radial basis function neural network is applied to estimate the uncertainties. The event-triggered mechanism is introduced to reduce the update frequency of the controller and the communication frequency among the agents. Zeno behavior is avoided by ensuring a lower bound between two adjacent trigger instants. Finally, the simulation results are provided to demonstrate that the time evolution of consensus errors eventually approaches zero. The consensus of multi-agent systems is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of blood lipid concentration and blood lipid growth rate in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes. The study subjects were 1051 singleton pregnant women who established archives in Chengdu Maternity and Child Specialty Hospital. The pregnancy information was continuously recorded until the pregnant woman gave birth, and lipid biochemical indicators were performed every three months. The average age of the pregnant women recruited was 27.82 ± 3.07 years. Compared with the first trimester, the concentration of triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the third trimester were increased significantly (all p <.05). The growth rate of triglyceride was closely related to the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus and large for gestational, and the growth rate of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was closely related to gestational diabetes mellitus and cholestasis of pregnancy. For every unit increase in triglyceride growth rate, the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and large for gestational age increases by 1.237 times and 1.317 times, respectively. Among non-high-risk pregnant women, blood lipid concentration is generally high among pregnant women with complications during pregnancy. It is necessary to combine a single blood lipid test concentration during pregnancy with the blood lipid growth rate to assess the condition of pregnant women and provide better guidance during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning bearing-fault diagnosis has shown strong vitality in recent years. In industrial practice, the running state of bearings is monitored by collecting data from multiple sensors, for instance, the drive end, the fan end, and the base. Given the complexity of the operating conditions and the limited number of bearing-fault samples, obtaining complementary fault features using the traditional fault-diagnosis method, which uses statistical characteristic in time or frequency, is difficult and relies heavily on prior knowledge. In addition, intelligent bearing-fault diagnosis based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) has several deficiencies, such as single-scale fixed convolutional kernels, excessive dependence on experts' experience, and a limited capacity for learning a small training dataset. Considering these drawbacks, a novel intelligent bearing-fault-diagnosis method based on signal-to-RGB image mapping (STRIM) and multichannel multiscale CNN (MCMS-CNN) is proposed. First, the signals from three different sensors are converted into RGB images by the STRIM method to achieve feature fusion. To extract RGB image features effectively, the proposed MCMS-CNN is established, which can automatically learn complementary and abundant features at different scales. By increasing the width and decreasing the depth of the network, the overfitting caused by the complex network for a small dataset is eliminated, and the fault classification capability is guaranteed simultaneously. The performance of the method is verified through the Case Western Reserve University's (CWRU) bearing dataset. Compared with different DL approaches, the proposed approach can effectively realize fault diagnosis and substantially outperform other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SHJHhr mice line is rhino‐like mice with a nonsense Hairless (Hr) mutant, which shows the characteristic of shedding hair and wrinkled skin with increasing age. Through histological analysis and aging indexes detection, SHJHhr mice show an increased thickness skin with degraded hair follicle and dermal cysts and disorganized collagen fibres, as well as decreased level of Hyp. Meanwhile, the aging markers p16 and p21 are significantly higher in SHJHhr mouse skin than ICR mouse skin at same age. Moreover, the data of MDA and SOD show a higher oxidative stress in SHJHhr mouse skin, and the levels of Nrf2 and its targets are significantly downregulated, which suggests SHJHhr mice have a faster aging skin and its reason maybe poor antioxidative protection. Overall, this study shows SHJHhr mice with an accelerated aging skin, which suggests the role of Hr gene in skin aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Investigating how pension coverage reduces energy poverty in rural China. • Exploiting age-based eligibility for pension coverage to address endogeneity. • Anticipatory response is explored to validate the estimates. • Liquidity constraint might restrict anticipatory responses. • Competing interpretations on living arrangements and lifestyle are excluded. This paper estimates the causal effect of income change on reducing energy poverty by exploiting age-based eligibility for China's New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) through a regression discontinuity (RD) design. More than one billion people worldwide live in energy poverty, and the situation is even more difficult in developing world. It is an important development challenge to reduce energy poverty, which could be further associated with health outcome, labor productivity, and educational achievements. While public policies that increase income for poor households are the most direct ways to reduce energy poverty, the reverse causality makes establishing a convincing causal link between income and energy poverty challenging. Using the quasi-experimental variation in income induced by NRPS, this paper addresses the endogeneity of income and examines the impact of exogenous sharp changes in income on energy consumption behaviors. The findings indicate substantial increases in modern energy consumption and sizable reductions in solid fuels (e.g., straw and fuelwood), suggesting that "windfall income" by pension coverage alleviates energy poverty. Although individuals could anticipate the income shocks by pension coverage, the evidence suggests that they do not engage in anticipatory responses to smooth their consumption. Further evidence shows that liquidity constraints may be the underlying mechanism for the lack of anticipatory responses in household energy consumption. Besides reducing energy poverty, the results demonstrate that pension coverage leads to a decrease in elderly labor supply, an increase in subjective health and life satisfaction, and an increase in non-energy consumption, all of which are positively associated with the well-beings of senior citizens. We anticipate that the findings of this paper in the context of China may be extended to developing world which has been expected to set up targeted measures to tackle energy poverty in upcoming decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elaborates on the synthesis of a neuro-fuzzy controller and also its application to hybrid vehicle powertrain control system. This technique builds a fuzzy inference system for which the parameters can be updated to achieve a preferred input–output mapping. The procedure of learning (guidelines on the parameter updates) is essentially composed of the gradient descent algorithm as well as the least square estimate method. The hybrid vehicle used in this study is the parallel hybrid vehicle. With its small engine, this type of hybrid vehicle is made for steady highway driving. In addition, it composes an electrical device that provides acceleration and deceleration along with a battery management system. A fuzzy logic inference system is used for energy administration. In which, the inference system states the guidelines on recording the nonlinearities in the mapping. The neuro-fuzzy controller is able to accomplish the task of an inverse model with an adaptive fuzzy logic controller. This paper will draw upon the growth and advancement in SOC estimation method and power management system of lithium-ion battery for future high-tech EV applications. It is shown that the intelligent management system proposed in this paper has a significant improve in performance to that of the other existing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of different straw returning modes on the structure of humic acid (HA) in soil by fluorescence spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Four different straw returning modes, including straw returning to topsoil (St), straw returning to subsoil (Ss), straw mixing with topsoil (Smt), and straw mixing with subsoil (Sms), were used in this study; the soil HA was analyzed after 12 months of corn straw returning by a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. Based on the results, it was established that IR spectroscopy can estimate the complication and oxidation degree of soil HA and also evaluate its aliphaticity and aromaticity. Monodimensional fluorescence spectroscopy could preliminarily determine the changes in the humification of HA through the fluorescence intensities. The intensity ratio of I456/I380 calculated from synchronous-scan fluorescence spectra could be used to evaluate the humification degree of soil HA. The total luminescence spectra of HAs provided more information on the fluorophores in the structure, including the amount and peak position of lignin-like structures and phenol-like or naphthol-like structures. Among the four straw returning modes, Ss is the most beneficial for reducing the oxidation degree and increasing the aromatization and humification degree of subsoil HA. It is believed that fluorescence spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy are relatively simple and sensitive methods for analyzing soil HA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper discusses the quasilinear Schrödinger equation − Δ u + V (x) u − Δ [ (1 + u 2) 1 2 ] u 2 (1 + u 2) 1 2 = K (x) f (u) , x ∈ R N , where N ⩾ 3. Under appropriate assumptions on the potentials V and K and local sublinear growth assumptions on the nonlinear term f , we get the existence of infinitely many nontrivial solutions by using a revised Clark theorem and a priori estimate of the solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the output regulation problem of linear singular multiagent systems by using both state feedback control and time-delay feedback control. Topics include the finding that state feedback control can solve the output regulation problem of the reduced-order normal systems and the original singular multi-agent systems and many practical control problems can be modeled as regulation problems, such as robotic flying control of an unmanned aerial vehicle.

This paper develops a two-stage multi-objective bi-level framework to optimize the sizing of a grid-connected electricity-hydrogen system. Firstly, a multi-objective bi-level capacity configuration optimization model considering the different functional orientations of hydrogen energy and electricity-price prediction is established. Then, to solve the above multi-objective bi-level model, a two-stage solution algorithm is proposed. In stage one, the CPLEX solver and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II are employed to obtain the solutions of the developed optimization model. In stage two, an entropy method is applied to get the importance of the three objectives of the outer model, whereas a cumulative prospect theory is used to rank the best Pareto solution. Finally, an industrial park in Aksai Kazak Autonomous County is chosen for case study, the results show: (1) the best capacity configuration alternative, which includes 22 wind turbines, 210 photovoltaic panels, 2 gas turbines, 2 fuel cells, 1 electrolyzer, and 3 hydrogen tanks, owns the NPB of 161,503 CNY, the ACE of 93,111 kg, and the LOEC of 603,874 kWh. (2) the ACE with the weight of 0.527 is the most important objective. (3) Sensitivity analysis on electricity price fluctuations of ±5% and ±10% presents that the proposed approach is robust. • Objectives consider three aspects of economy, environment, and energy conversion. • A multi-objective bi-level capacity configuration optimization model is developed. • A two-stage hybrid optimization method is proposed to obtain the best alternative. • An empirical case is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Intercellular VE-Cadherin maintanence and intracellular ROS scavenging are critical in endothelial barrier preservation. • Platelet membrane fused liposome facilitates targeted delivery. • Locally activated thrombin triggers extracellular release of ANGPTL4. • Neutral endothelial cytoplasm is suitable for Fe 3 O 4 to scavenge ROS. • Extracellular and intracellular drugs release are combined for enhanced endothelial barrier preservation. Following myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (MI/R), the endothelial barrier is heavily damaged. This is partially due to the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells, leading to disruptive intercellular VE-Cadherin junctions and endothelial cells apoptosis. Systemic administration of drugs is limited by poor delivery and release at pathological sites, resulting in compromised therapeutic effect. Herein, by exploiting the inherent nature of platelets migrating to injured endothelium and local activation of thrombin, we fabricated functional platesomes (Fe@PLP-TR-A) to co-deliver angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) and ROS scavenger Fe 3 O 4 to injured endothelium in heart affected by MI/R. Thanks to the capability for multidrug loading and easy-modification feature of platesomes, we conjugated ANGPTL4 on the surface of platesomes with a thrombin responsive peptide and encapsulated Fe 3 O 4 in the inner space. After systemic injection, Fe@PLP-TR-A successfully arrived at the endothelial cells at injured endothelium due to the platelet-mimetic adhesion effect of platesomes which was fabricated by fusing platelet membranes and lipid membranes. Following the cleavage of thrombin-responsive peptide, which was activated by injured endothelium, ANGPTL4 was released extracellularly and bound to the receptor on endothelial cells to prevent the disruption of VE-Cadherin junctions. Further, endo -lysosomal escape of Fe 3 O 4 to cytosol exerted ROS scavenging effect and protected endothelial cells from apoptosis. VE-Cadherin maintenance and cell rescue together preserved the endothelial barrier and subsequently decreased leukocytes extravasation and intracardial hemorrhage, alleviated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and eventually improved cardiac function. This work demonstrates a practical platform for the treatment of reperfusion injury by enhancing targeted release of drugs to injured endothelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers H ∞ output feedback control for networked control systems (NCSs) with time delay, data packet dropout and disorder, occurred in both sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator channels. A logic data packet processor (DPP) is adopted to solve the data packet disorder and data packet dropout is seemed as a special case of the time delay. Time delay is modeled as Markov chains taking values in a finite set. Finally, the closed-loop system is modeled as a Markov jump system. An output feedback controller is designed to stabilize the closed-loop system with a pre-described H ∞ performance index. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A starch rich fraction is a side product in Tartary buckwheat processing. This study investigated the fractions that are of technological and nutritional interest. Tartary buckwheat starch granules had a diameter of 3–14 μm, and presented a typical type “A” X-ray diffraction pattern. They contained nearly 39.0% amylose. The solubility of Tartary buckwheat starch was much lower at 70–90 °C (ranging within 9.9–10.4% at 90 °C) than that in maize (up to 49.3%) and potato (up to 85.0%) starch. The starch of one variety of Tartary buckwheat had significantly lower solubility at 70 °C and 80 °C than that of common buckwheat. The starch peak viscosity and breakdown were higher and pasting time was shorter in Tartary buckwheat than in that of the starch of common buckwheat. Tartary buckwheat starch had unique pasting and physicochemical properties, and is thereby capable of being exploited as a suitable raw material of retrograded starch in food processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel consensus protocol for two-dimension first-order multiagent systems (MAS) is proposed. After a novel protocol for two-dimension first-order MAS is adopted; consensus and two kinds of possible results are concerned. Then consensus asymptotical conditions and ranges of key parameters are given, and convergence speed is analyzed. Numerical examples illustrate effectiveness of the proposed consensus protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the consensus convergence speed of multiagent systems (MASs) from two aspects including communication topology and the state of agents. Two-hop network is considered in the communication topology. A novel consensus protocol that includes the information of the states motions and their integrals is introduced. And the protocol has much faster convergence speed by choosing some appropriate weight values. The protocol can be applied to distributed control and large-scale systems. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cement mortars (CM) containing different contents and sizes of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared using surfactants in combination with ultrasonic dispersion. The effects of the content, diameter and length of MWCNTs on the electrical conductivity of cement mortar and the self-inductive piezoresistive rate under single and cyclic loading were studied using the four-electrode method. The results show that the conductive percolation thresholds of CMs containing MWCNTs with different length–diameter ratios occur at an approximate MWCNT content of 0.1 wt%. The electrical conductivity of cement mortars with MWCNT diameters of 10–20 nm was the largest for a content of 0.1 wt%, and the values were 112% and 128.3% of the conductivity of the MWCNTs/CM with diameters of 20–40 nm and 40–60 nm, respectively. In addition, the fractional change in resistivity of the cement mortar specimens varied most significantly at a content of 0.75 wt% of MWCNTs; the fractional change in resistivity reached 14.27%. Adding small-diameter MWCNTs to cement mortar can maximise the sensitivity of electrical resistance of cement mortar to compressive stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel wearable upper arm tactile display device, which can simultaneously provide three types of tactile stimuli (i.e., squeezing, stretching, and vibration) is presented. The squeezing and stretching stimulation of the skin is generated by two motors simultaneously driving the nylon belt in the opposite and the same direction, respectively. In addition, four evenly spaced vibration motors are fixed around the user's arm by an elastic nylon band. There is also a unique structural design for assembling the control module and actuator, powered by two lithium batteries, making it portable and wearable. Psychophysical experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of interference on the perception of squeezing and stretching stimulation by this device. Results show that (1) different tactile stimuli actually interfere with the user's perception compared to the case where only one stimulus is applied to the user; (2) the squeezing has a considerable impact on the stretch just noticeable difference (JND) values when both stimuli are exerted on the user, and when the squeezing is strong, while the impact of stretch on the squeezing JND values is negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel consensus protocol is presented for linear multi-agent systems(MASs) in which all the agents have the same continuous-time linear dynamics with high dimension. A fast convergence speed can be obtained by using this protocol for the MASs where each agent gets its own state through the full-order observer. Every agent can also obtain the states of its neighbors׳ and its instantaneous neighbors׳ to reach consensus. Necessary and sufficient conditions of consensus for the MASs are proposed to improve the convergence speed. Finally, the corresponding convergence speeds of different protocols are showed by numerical simulation, and extended to directed topology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control problems based on state observer for a class of discrete-time system over lossy data network. Both sensor data and control commands are transmitted by the same network. And the packets may be randomly lost according to the Bernoulli distribution. In the infinite horizon expected total cost we derive expressions for computing the corresponding controller gain. And the hold-input compensation strategy is applied to the closed system in which the previous control signal is used when packet dropped. Moreover, illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starches of four varieties of waxy proso millet were examined in terms of granule morphology, amylose, transparency, retrogradation, pasting, and thermal properties. The starches had great numbers of large polygonal granules with smooth edges, small numbers of small spherical granules, and an average granule size of 6.12 µm. Compared with the starches of non-waxy proso millet and maize, the starches of the waxy proso millet varieties had lower amylose contents (0.21%) and higher phosphorus contents (1.85 mg/100 g); higher transparency (29.84%) and lower volume percentages of retrogradation (5.01%); higher peak viscosities (3304 cP), trough viscosities (2422 cP) and breakdowns (882 cP), and lower setbacks (267 cP); and lower onset temperatures ( To) (69.7°C), peak temperatures ( Tp) (75.3°C), final temperatures ( Tc) (80.8°C) and enthalpies (Δ H) (10.55 J/g) in their starch gelatinization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We build a compact Japanese text recognizer by the integrated evaluation model. [•] The model includes combined recognizer, geometric and linguistic contexts. [•] The text recognizer with 4438-classes costs only 32MB memory and much less time. [•] We find a smaller offline recognizer can get the best accuracy in the above model. [•] Further we prove the linguistic context is more efficient than geometric context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model-based methods are widely used for the fault diagnosis of stochastic dynamic systems by simply using the input–output relationship of the system. Despite encouraging results and progress over past decades, developing a reliable and effective diagnostic method for systems with stochastic processes remains a significant challenge. In this paper, a comprehensive review on this topic is performed. Representative main approaches and results are analyzed and compared, and applications in some specific industrial processes are briefly reviewed. The perspectives on current challenges and potential opportunities of future work are discussed, hoping to shed some light on this active topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of absolute stability and robust stability of a class of neutral systems with sector-bounded nonlinearity and mixed time-varying delays. Some new delay-dependent stability criteria are presented based on Lyapunov stability theory and formulated in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Neither model transformation nor bounding technique for cross terms is required in obtaining the stability conditions. Since both the neutral- and discrete-delays are taken into account, the obtained criterion is less conservative than the previous ones, which is illustrated by numerical examples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This Letter presents a novel cross active backstepping design method for synchronization control of cross-strict feedback hyperchaotic system, in which the ordinary backstepping design is unavailable. The proposed control method, combining backstepping design and active control approach, extends the application of backstepping technique in chaos control. Based on this method, different combinations of controllers can be designed to meet the needs of different applications. The proposed method is applied to achieve chaos synchronization of two identical cross-strict feedback hyperchaotic systems. Also it is used to implement synchronization between cross-strict feedback hyperchaotic system and Rössler hyperchaotic system. Numerical examples illustrate the validity of the control method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The specific building is of great significance in smart city planning, management practices, or even military use. However, traditional classification or target identification methods are difficult to distinguish different type of buildings from remote sensing images, because the characteristics of the environmental landscape around the buildings (like the pixels of the road and parking area) are complex, and it is difficult to define them with simple rules. Convolution neural networks (CNNs) have a strong capacity to mine information from the spatial context and have been used in many tasks of image processing. Here, we developed a novel CNN model named YOLO-S-CIOU, which was improved based on YOLOv3 for specific building detection in two aspects: (1) module Darknet53 in YOLOv3 was replaced with SRXnet (constructed by superimposing multiple SE-ResNeXt) to significantly improve the feature learning ability of YOLO-S-CIOU while maintaining the similar complexity as YOLOv3; (2) Complete-IoU Loss (CIoU Loss) was used to obtain a better regression for the bounding box. We took the gas station as an example. The experimental results on the self-made gas station dataset (GS dataset) showed YOLO-S-CIOU achieved an average precision (AP) of 97.62%, an F1 score of 97.50%, and had 59,065,366 parameters. Compared with YOLOv3, YOLO-S-CIOU reduced the parameters' number by 2,510,977 (about 4%) and improved the AP by 2.23% and the F1 score by 0.5%. Moreover, in gas stations detection in Tumshuk City and Yanti City, the recall (R) and precision (P) of YOLO-S-CIOU were 50% and 40% higher than those of YOLOv3, respectively. It showed that our proposed network had stronger robustness and higher detection ability in remote sensing image detection of different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buckwheat is a typical medicinal and edible crop with high nutritional value, and the application of appropriate fertilizer can improve the quality of buckwheat starch. The changes of internal structure and physicochemical characteristics of common buckwheat grain starch under low, medium, and high fertilization levels are investigated. With increasing fertilizer amount, the volume proportion is increased, while the granule size distribution is reduced significantly. All of the common buckwheat starch samples show a typical A‐type pattern in X‐ray diffraction detection. Furthermore, with the increase of fertilization level, the amylose content, retrogradation, and the ratio of 1045/1022 cm−1 reduce and then raise, but the relative crystallinity, the ratio of 1022/995 cm−1, light transmittance, solubility, and swelling power increase and then decrease. In comparison to other fertilization levels, common buckwheat starch at the medium level has greater pasting temperatures and gelatinization enthalpy but lower pasting viscosities. These results indicate the medium fertilization level of 180 (N), 115.2 (P), and 84.6 (K) kg h−1 m−2 is more suitable for buckwheat starch quality, which can give information for buckwheat cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related respiratory disorder. Around the world, more and more people are suffering from OSA. Because of the limitation of monitor equipment, many people with OSA remain undetected. Therefore, we propose a sleep-monitoring model based on single-channel electrocardiogram using a convolutional neural network (CNN), which can be used in portable OSA monitor devices. To learn different scale features, the first convolution layer comprises three types of filters. The long short-term memory (LSTM) is used to learn the long-term dependencies such as the OSA transition rules. The softmax function is connected to the final fully connected layer to obtain the final decision. To detect a complete OSA event, the raw ECG signals are segmented by a 10 s overlapping sliding window. The proposed model is trained with the segmented raw signals and is subsequently tested to evaluate its event detection performance. According to experiment analysis, the proposed model exhibits Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.92, a sensitivity of 96.1%, a specificity of 96.2%, and an accuracy of 96.1% with respect to the Apnea-ECG dataset. The proposed model is significantly higher than the results from the baseline method. The results prove that our approach could be a useful tool for detecting OSA on the basis of a single-lead ECG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hull colour is an important morphological marker for selection in seed production of foxtail millet. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying hull colour variation remain unknown. Results: An F7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population containing 215 lines derived from Hongjiugu × Yugu18 was used to analyze inheritance and detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for four hull colour traits using major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance analysis and composite interval mapping (CIM) in four environments. Genetic analysis revealed that the hull colour L* value (HCL*) was controlled by two major genes plus additive polygenes, the hull colour a* value (HCa*) was controlled by three major genes, the hull colour b* value (HCb*) was controlled by two major genes plus polygenes, and the hull colour C* value (HCC*) was controlled by four major genes. A high-density genetic linkage map covering 1227.383 cM of the foxtail millet genome, with an average interval of 0.879 cM between adjacent bin markers, was constructed using 1420 bin markers. Based on the genetic linkage map and the phenotypic data, a total of 39 QTL were detected for these four hull colour traits across four environments, each explaining 1.50%–49.20% of the phenotypic variation. Of these, six environmentally stable major QTL were co-localized to regions on chromosomes 1 and 9, playing a major role in hull colour. There were 556 annotated genes within the two QTL regions. Based on the functions of homologous genes in Arabidopsis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) gene annotations, five genes were predicted as candidate genes for further studies. Conclusions: This is the first study to use an inheritance model and QTL mapping to determine the genetic mechanisms of hull colour trait in foxtail millet. We identified six major environmentally stable QTL and predicted five potential candidate genes to be associated with hull colour. These results advance the current understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying hull colour traits in foxtail millet and provide additional resources for application in genomics-assisted breeding and potential isolation and functional characterization of the candidate genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) protein on the mouse model of nasal polyps. Methods: The mouse model of nasal polyps was induced by intranasal drip intervention of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 times a week for 12 weeks. A total of 42 mice were randomly divided into blank group, LPS group, and LPS+DMBT1 group. DMBT1 protein was applied by intranasal drip intervention in each nostril after LPS. After 12 weeks, 5 mice in each group were randomly picked for the mouse olfactory disorder experiment, 3 mice were randomly picked for histopathological observation of nasal mucosa, 3 mice for olfactory marker protein (OMP) immunofluorescence analysis and the last 3 mice were grabbed for nasal lavage, and the levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) in the nasal lavage fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Compared with the blank group, mice in LPS group had olfactory dysfunction, the level of OMP was significantly reduced, the nasal mucosa was swollen, discontinuous, and contained a large number of inflammatory cells. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and PI3K in the nasal lavage fluid were significantly increased in LPS group (p < 0.01). Compared with the LPS group, the number of mice with olfactory dysfunction in the LPS+DMBT1 group was less, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced, the OMP-positive cells were significantly increased, and the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and PI3K in the nasal lavage fluid were significantly increased, p < 0.01. Conclusions: DMBT1 protein alleviates the nasal airway inflammatory response in the mouse nasal polyp model, and the mechanism may be through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light pollution is one of the environmental pollution problems facing the world. The research on the measurement standard of light pollution is not perfect at present. In this paper, we proposed a Markov random field model to determine the light pollution risk level of a site. Firstly, the specific data of 12 indicators of 5 typical cities were collected, and 10-factor indicators were screened using the R-type clustering algorithm. Then, the entropy weight method was used to determine the weight, and the light pollution measurement method of the Markov random field was established. The model was tested by five different data sets, and the test results show that the model is very effective. Three kinds of potential effects were proposed, and the relationship between the factor index and potential effects was established by using the partial least square method. Three possible intervention strategies for solving the problem of light pollution are pointed out: road lighting system planning, increasing vegetation coverage, and building system planning. Finally, a simulated annealing algorithm was used to determine the best intervention strategy, concluding that using strategy 1 in urban neighborhood 2 was the most effective measure, reducing the risk level of light pollution by 17.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Starch is a major nutrient in the human diet and has been widely used as an ingredient in many food and non‐food applications. However, the research on the quality characteristics of Tartary buckwheat is lagging behind, and there is a lack of high‐quality special varieties, which makes it difficult to become a popular food. The physicochemical properties of Tartary buckwheat starch may be affected by different environments and varieties, and the stability of planted varieties in different regions is also an important issue in current research. RESULTS: The average amylose content and pasting properties of Dingxi Tartary buckwheat were lower, while the solubility, transparency, relative crystallinity and gelatinization enthalpy were higher compared with the other two regions, and there were significant differences between different varieties. All samples showed typical A‐type structure, and the starch short‐range order structure changed slightly. Amylose content, solubility, transparency, granule size distribution, pasting properties and thermal properties were significantly affected by environment and variety. CONCLUSION: When choosing high‐quality special varieties and products for processing, it contributes to select different buckwheat varieties and planting areas based on various objectives by understanding the effects of environment and varieties on the physicochemical properties of Tartary buckwheat starch. In this study, the four varieties planted in Dingxi and the two varieties in Zhaojue were easy to digest, and the differences of pasting properties and thermal properties are helpful to improve the application of Tartary buckwheat starch in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The salt freeze-thaw resistance of concrete is better when the MWCNTs content is low. • Air content and void specific surface area are most closely related to the change of compressive strength of MWCNTs-FAC. • The average chord length and void spacing factor have the greatest influence on the damage of MWCNTs-FAC. This paper aims to investigate the primary and secondary effects of different void structure parameters (air content, specific surface area, spacing factor, and average chord length of voids) on the macroscopic damage of multi-walled carbon nanotube-fly ash concrete (MWCNTs-FAC) under the coupling action of sulfate attack and freeze-thaw cycles. Through coupling tests of sulfate attack and freeze-thaw cycles, as well as X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning tests, analyzed how MWCNTs-FAC differ in their compressive strength and damage quantity as a function of the number of coupling cycles. The effect of different void structure parameters of MWCNTs-FAC on the compressive strength and the damage quantity was also discussed using the grey correlation entropy analysis. The results show that the addition of MWCNTs can effectively improve the salt freeze-thaw resistance of concrete. When the MWCNTs content is 0.05 wt%, MWCNTs-FAC has the best improvement effect of salt freeze-thaw resistance. When the content of MWCNTs remains constant, the compressive strength of MWCNTs-FAC decreases, and the damage quantity increases as the air content, spacing factor, and average chord length of voids increase. The effect of specific surface area on the macroscopic damage of MWCNTs-FAC is exactly the reverse. Under salt freeze-thaw conditions, air content and specific surface area are two major factors influencing compressive strength, whereas average chord length and spacing factor are the main elements influencing damage quantity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel randomized Fisher discriminant analysis (RFDA) based bearing fault diagnosis method is proposed. First, several representative time-domain features are extracted from the raw vibration signals. Second, linear Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) is extended to nonlinear FDA named RFDA by introducing the random feature map to deal with the non-linearity issue. Specifically, the extracted time-domain features data are mapped onto a high-dimensional space using the random feature map function rather than kernel functions. Third, the time-domain features are fed into the built RFDA model to extract the discriminant features for diagnosis. Moreover, a Bayesian inference is employed to identify the class of the collected vibration signals to diagnose the bearing status. The proposed method uses random Fourier features to approximate the kernel matrix in the kernel Fisher discriminant analysis. Through employing randomized Fisher discriminant analysis, the nonlinearity issue is dealt with, and the computational burden is remarkably reduced compared to the kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (KFDA). To illustrate the superior performance of the proposed RFDA-based bearing fault diagnosis method, comparative experiments are conducted on two widely used datasets, the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset and the Paderborn University (PU) bearing dataset. For the CWRU dataset, the computation time of RFDA is much shorter than KFDA, while the accuracy rate reaches the same level of KFDA. For the PU dataset, the accuracy rate of RFDA is slightly higher than KFDA, and the computation time is only 44.14% of KFDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effect of steel slag coarse aggregate on sulfate resistance of concrete was studied. • The sulfate corrosion mechanism of steel slag coarse aggregate concrete was analyzed. • The service life of steel slag coarse aggregate concrete was predicted by the GM (1, 1) model. The durability of steel slag coarse aggregate concrete limits the application of steel slag in construction engineering. This study carried out the erosion test, material mechanics test, and microscopic test of steel slag coarse aggregate concrete under the action of different mass fractions of sulfate solution to investigate the effect law and mechanism of steel slag coarse aggregate on sulfate erosion resistance of concrete. The deterioration laws of performance indexes such as compressive strength, mass change, and relative dynamic elastic modulus of steel slag coarse aggregate concrete under sulfate erosion were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to examine the erosion products and microstructure changes of samples before and after sulfate erosion, and the GM (1, 1) model of grey theory was used to forecast the service life of steel slag coarse aggregate concrete under various conditions. The results demonstrate that utilizing steel slag instead of coarse aggregate to prepare concrete may significantly alleviate the damage caused by the attack of sulfate solutions. And in 15% sulfate erosion environment, the maximum compressive strength increase rate of 20.7% was obtained when the steel slag substitution rate was 60%. Microscopic study reveals that the active components (such as dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) and tricalcium silicate (C 3 S)) in steel slag can promote the production of hydrated calcium silicate gel in concrete, improving the strength and durability of the material. To a certain extent, the addition of steel slag can improve the sulfate resistance of concrete. The prediction results of the GM (1, 1) model show that the service lifetime of concrete with 60% steel slag coarse aggregate substitution rate under sulfate solution erosion is better than that of the other three groups, and the predicted results are compatible with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resolvin D1 (RvD1) has been shown to provide effective protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury in multiple vital organs such as the heart, brain, kidney. However, the clinical translational potential of systemic administration of RvD1 in the treatment of ischemia–reperfusion injury is greatly limited due to biological instability and lack of targeting ability. Combining the natural inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction after reperfusion injury, we developed a platelet-bionic, ROS-responsive RvD1 delivery platform. The resulting formulation enables targeted delivery of RvD1 to the injury site by hijacking circulating chemotactic monocytes, while achieving locally controlled release. In a mouse model of myocardial ischemia repefusuin (MI/R) injury, intravenous injection of our formula resulted in the enrichment of RvD1 in the injured area, which in turn promotes clearance of dead cells, production of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), and angiogenesis during injury repair, effectively improving cardiac function. This delivery system integrates drug bio-protection, targeted delivery and controlled release, which endow it with great clinical translational value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) plays an important role in C4 crop research and agricultural development in arid areas due to its short growth period, drought tolerance, and barren tolerance. Exploration of the dwarfing mechanism and the dwarf genes of foxtail millet can provide a reference for dwarf breeding and dwarf research of other C4 crops. In this study, genetic analysis was performed using phenotypic data, candidate genes were screened by bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-Seq); differentially expressed genes and metabolic pathways in different strains of high samples were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The association analysis of BSA-Seq and RNA-Seq further narrowed the candidate range. As a result, a total of three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and nine candidate genes related to plant height were obtained on chromosomes I and IX. Based on the functional prediction of the candidate genes, we propose a hypothetical mechanism for the formation of millet dwarfing, in which, metabolism and MAPK signaling play important roles in the formation of foxtail millet plant height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic full waveform inversion (EFWI) in VTI media using velocity model-based parameterization (PARM-VTIEFWI) can improve the sensitivity of anisotropic parameters, but there are still the problems of gradient's interference and Non-unique. Research has shown that logging data can constrain the Non-unique of FWI. Therefore, in this paper, we use the logging data as a constraint to limit the Non-unique of the PARM-VTIEFWI. We derive the objective function and gradient equation for the PARM-VTIEFWI based on the constraint of logging information. In addition, to reduce the interference between the gradients of parameters in VTI media, we incorporate a pseudo-Hessian matrix to precondition the gradients and derive a gradient preconditioning formula based on the pseudo-Hessian matrix in this paper. In summary, we propose a new PARM-VTIEFWI method based on logging information constraint and gradient precondition, which reduces the interference between the parameter gradients and constrains the Non-unique of the inversion. The correctness and validity of the method were demonstrated by examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CBF/DREB transcription factors play essential roles in plant stress signaling transduction pathway. We isolated and identified a CBF/ DREB homologous gene, FeDREB1, from Fagopyrum esculentum. Protein sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the FeDREB1 was grouped into the DREB (A-1) lineage. Moreover, subcellular localization observations suggested that FeDREB1 localizes in the nucleus. Yeast one-hybrid assays showed that FeDREB1 protein specifically binds to the DRE sequence and could activate the expression of reporter genes in yeast. These results further suggested that the FeRDEB1 protein was a CBF/DREB transcription factor. Expression analysis revealed that the transcript levels of the FeRDEB1 gene increased rapidly following low-/high-temperature treatment, drought stress, and exogenous ABA treatment. Over-expression of the FeDREB1 gene significantly enhanced the drought and freezing tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis but resulted in its growth retardation. Moreover, the transgenic Arabidopsis lines were also highly sensitive to ABA application. Digital gene expression profiling (DGE) analysis indicated that increased transcript levels of many ABA-independent/-dependent stress-responsive genes in 35S::FeRDEB1 transgenic Arabidopsis, revealing that the FeDREB1 may participate in an ABA-dependent/-independent pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) induces a sterile inflammatory response that may result in poor cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Despite the progress in anti-cytokine biologics, anti-inflammation therapy of MI remains unsatisfactory, due largely to the lack of targeting and the complexity of cytokine interactions. Based on the nature of inflammatory chemotaxis and the cytokine-binding properties of neutrophils, we fabricated biomimetic nanoparticles for targeted and broad-spectrum anti-inflammation therapy of MI. By fusing neutrophil membranes with conventional liposomes, we fabricated biomimetic liposomes (Neu-LPs) that inherited the surface antigens of the source cells, making them ideal decoys of neutrophil-targeted biological molecules. Based on their abundant chemokine and cytokine membrane receptors, Neu-LPs targeted infarcted hearts, neutralized proinflammatory cytokines, and thus suppressed intense inflammation and regulated the immune microenvironment. Consequently, Neu-LPs showed significant therapeutic efficacy by providing cardiac protection and promoting angiogenesis in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion. Therefore, Neu-LPs have high clinical translation potential and could be developed as an anti-inflammatory agent to remove broad-spectrum inflammatory cytokines during MI and other neutrophil-involved diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lithium-ion battery has advantages such as high energy density and long calendar life, but it suffers from the risk of thermal runaway. Overcharge-induced thermal runaway accidents hold a considerable percentage. This article discovers that the slope of the dynamic impedance in the frequency band of 30–90 Hz turns positive from negative when the cell just starts to overcharge and proposes the theoretical explanation. Taking 70 Hz impedance as an example, the thermal runaway accident can be successfully avoided by cutting off the charging when the slope turns positive from negative during charging. The warning time is 580 s ahead of the thermal runaway. This feature is easy to identify and requires no complex mathematical models and parameters. Besides, the prediction method based on this feature can be conducted by using an online dynamic impedance measurement device designed by us, which is suitable for large-scale applications. Thus, the overcharge-induced thermal runaway accidents can be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen fertilizer can affect the seed quality of mung bean. However, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the properties of mung bean protein (MBP) remain unclear. We investigated the effects of four nitrogen fertilization levels on the physicochemical, structural, functional, thermal, and rheological properties of MBP. The results showed that the amino acid and protein contents of mung bean flour were maximized under 90 kg ha−1 of applied nitrogen treatment. Nitrogen fertilization can alter the secondary and tertiary structure of MBP. The main manifestations are an increase in the proportion of β-sheet, the exposure of more chromophores and hydrophobic groups, and the formation of loose porous aggregates. These changes improved the solubility, oil absorption capacity, emulsion activity, and foaming stability of MBP. Meanwhile, Thermodynamic and rheological analyses showed that the thermal stability, apparent viscosity, and gel elasticity of MBP were all increased under nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Correlation analysis showed that protein properties are closely related to changes in structure. In conclusion, nitrogen fertilization can improve the protein properties of MBP by modulating the structure of protein molecules. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of mung bean cultivation and the further development of high-quality mung bean protein foods. [Display omitted] • Significant changes in functional properties of protein after nitrogen fertilizer treatment. • Nitrogen fertilization significantly improved the thermal stability and gel elasticity of protein. • Structural characterization of proteins assessed by multi-spectroscopic scanning techniques. • The protein structure is closely related to the protein properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Parameterized noise simulation was used to simulate the spatial distribution. • Using the Spatial average and statistics sound pressure level as observation indexes. • Determining the degree and scope of influence of various urban indexes. • Road area density have the greatest influence on Spatial average sound pressure level. Urban spatial structure factors can have considerable effects on traffic noise distribution. This study aimed to describe the spatial distribution characteristics of traffic noise and influencing factors in high-density cities. Fifteen indexes were selected from the three aspects of building layout, road organization and land use to analyse the influence of urban spatial structure factors on the noise spatial distribution. This paper selected the central area of Tianjin as the study area. The noise level was generated by the noise simulation software CadnaA, and the numerical statistics were determined by ArcGIS. The correlation between various urban indexes and the spatial distribution of traffic noise were determined with correlation analysis, and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) analysis was used to determine the degree and scope of influence of various urban indexes on the spatial distribution of traffic noise. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the spatial agglomeration forms of high, medium, and low noise areas among research units, and the spatial agglomeration of low noise areas in each unit is stronger. The building layout indexes, except for the average building height (ABH), are significantly negatively correlated with the noise levels in low noise areas (L 70 – L 90). The road length index (RLI), road area density (RAD), road landscape shape index (RLSI), trunk road length index (TRLI), proportion of traffic land (PT), and degree of land mixing (DLM) are significantly positively correlated with the noise levels of all areas within the unit (L 10 – L 90). Among the three aspects of building layout, road organization, and land use, the architectural landscape shape index (ALSI), RAD, and DLM have the greatest influence on the average spatial sound pressure level (L avg), with mean regression coefficients of −0.254, 0.520, and 0.174, respectively. The ground space index (GSI), ALSI, proportion of residential land (PR) and PT are the global factors influencing L avg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current evidence indicates that coronary microcirculation is a key target for protecting against cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex activation and mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m) overload are underlying mechanisms involved in cardiovascular disease. Histidine triad nucleotide-binding 2 (HINT2) has been reported to modulate [Ca2+]m via the MCU complex, and our previous work demonstrated that HINT2 improved cardiomyocyte survival and preserved heart function in mice with cardiac ischemia. This study aimed to explore the benefits of HINT2 on cardiac microcirculation in I/R injury with a focus on mitochondria, the MCU complex, and [Ca2+]m overload in endothelial cells. The present work demonstrated that HINT2 overexpression significantly reduced the no-reflow area and improved microvascular perfusion in I/R-injured mouse hearts, potentially by promoting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation. Microvascular barrier function was compromised by reperfusion injury, but was repaired by HINT2 overexpression via inhibiting VE-Cadherin phosphorylation at Tyr731 and enhancing the VE-Cadherin/β-Catenin interaction. In addition, HINT2 overexpression inhibited the inflammatory response by suppressing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Mitochondrial fission occurred in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury and resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis, the effects of which were largely relieved by HINT2 overexpression. Additional experiments confirmed that [Ca2+]m overload was an initiating factor for mitochondrial fission and that HINT2 suppressed [Ca2+]m overload via modulation of the MCU complex through directly interacting with MCU in CMECs. Regaining [Ca2+]m overload by spermine, an MCU agonist, abolished all the protective effects of HINT2 on OGD/R-injured CMECs and I/R-injured cardiac microcirculation. In conclusion, the present report demonstrated that HINT2 overexpression inhibited MCU complex-mitochondrial calcium overload-mitochondrial fission and apoptosis pathway, and thereby attenuated cardiac microvascular ischemia–reperfusion injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]