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This study examines the state of policing resources in rural areas of central China and investigates how police officers conduct criminal investigations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 police officers who had experience in criminal investigations in rural areas. The study found that police officers have developed a well-established model of criminal investigation that is effective in responding to minor crimes such as theft, drink driving, and fighting. However, there may be compliance issues with the criminal investigation skills of police officers. Additionally, rural areas lack policing resources compared to urban areas and do not have access to necessary police information resources. The results of this study suggest that rural policing in areas where resources are scarce should focus on improving the compliance of criminal investigation skills among police officers and increasing the allocation of police resources to rural areas. Policymakers and practitioners can benefit from the insights provided by this study when addressing the challenges faced by rural policing in China and other countries with similar circumstances.

Afforestation is an effective approach for restoring degraded ecological functions in the dry-hot valleys of southwest China. Afforestation can affect soil carbon and nitrogen storage; however, how it affects soil P fractions, and their driving factors. is poorly understood in this region. To address these questions, we conducted a field study of Leucaena leucocephala plantations at three different stand age sites (3, 10, and 20 years) and an adjacent natural shrub-grass community control site to investigate changes in soil total phosphorus (Pt), Pi (inorganic phosphorus), Po (organic phosphorus), and phosphorus (P) fractions and their driving factors. Soil Pt, Po, labile P, and moderately labile P significantly increased in the Leucaena leucocephala plantation compared with the natural shrub grass site, and the Leucaena leucocephala plantation increased soil Pt content by significantly increasing soil Po. Soil Pt, Po, Pi, labile P, moderately labile P and non-labile P were not significantly different among the different stages of the Leucaena leucocephala plantation, and soil Pt and its fractions were all significantly higher in the middle-age forest stage of the Leucaena leucocephala plantation. These results indicate that Leucaena leucocephala plantations increased the soil P transformation ability, and soil Po played a critical role in sustaining soil P availability. The middle-age forest stage of Leucaena leucocephala plantations had the best conditions for P stocks and P conversion capacity. The abundance of actinomycetes and fungi showed significant positive relationships with soil Pi fractions (NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi, and NaOHu.s.-Pi); soil Pt and moderately labile P were significantly and directly influenced by fungal abundance. Soil organic carbon (SOC), NH4+-N, and NO3−-N showed significant and positive relationships with the soil Pi fractions (NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, and HCl-Po). SOC and NO3−-N were the key drivers of soil Pt, labile P, moderately labile P and non-labile fractions. These results indicate that abiotic and biotic factors differently affected the soil P fractions and Pt in Leucaena leucocephala plantations in the dry-hot valley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in aqueous solution has caused great threat to human health. A novel chitosan and biochar supported sulfide-modified nZVI composite (CB-S-nZVI) was synthesized by liquid phase reduction method and applied to the removal of Cd2+ from wastewater. The synthesized materials were characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, and zeta potential. Batch experiments showed that the optimum synthesis conditions of CB-S-nZVI were the S/Fe molar ratio of 0.56 and the Fe/BC mass ratio of 2. The removal capacity of Cd2+ by CB-S-nZVI increased with the increase of pH and reached the maximum of 249.92 mg/g at pH of 9. Among the competitive cations, Pb2+ and Cu2+ had a strong inhibition to the removal of Cd2+. The removal process of Cd2+ conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich model, and it was exothermic. XPS analysis suggested that the removal mechanism of Cd2+ was mainly through electrostatic attraction, precipitation, and complexation. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the development of new nZVI-modified material, and CB-S-nZVI is promising in removing heavy metals from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The forest musk deer is a wild animal that is endangered due to widespread hunting for its musk, which is used in medicine and perfume. Stem cells can differentiate into a variety of cells, tissues, organs, and even complete individuals, which can be used for cell therapy and germplasm preservation. Mesenchymal stem cells are the most abundant stem cells in animals and have been isolated from many animals, such as cows and dogs. In this study, to evaluate the feasibility of isolating mesenchymal stem cells from forest musk deer, bone marrow was collected from forest musk deer, and the cells were isolated and characterized. They exhibit the same stemness and differentiation capacity as other mammals studied previously. Therefore, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may be an important tool for forest musk deer cell therapy. The forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) is an endangered animal that produces musk that is utilized for medical applications worldwide, and this species primarily lives in China. Animal-derived musk can be employed as an important ingredient in Chinese medicine. To investigate the properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from the bone marrow of forest deer for future application, MSCs were isolated and cultivated in vitro. The properties and differentiation of these cells were assessed at the cellular and gene levels. The results show that 81,533 expressed genes were detected by RNA sequencing, and marker genes of MSCs were expressed in the cells. Karyotype analysis of the cells determined the karyotype to be normal, and marker proteins of MSCs were observed to be expressed in the cell membranes. Cells were differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts. The expression of genes related to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts was observed to be increased. The results of this study demonstrate that the properties of the cells isolated from bone marrow were in keeping with the characteristics of MSCs, providing a possible basis for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing application of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films in the field of food packaging, it is important to improve its mechanical and antibacterial properties. This paper focuses on the preparation of PVA nanocomposite films and how their properties are affected by a silver-loaded nanocellulose solution. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were used as both the carrier and the dispersant of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared using glucose as the reducing agent. Ag+ was stabilized by the many hydroxyl groups located in the CNCs, and then the Ag+ was reduced to AgNPs in situ. After addition of silver-loaded nanocellulose, the tensile strength of the CNC-PVA-AgNP films increased from 47 MPa to 73 MPa, and the nanocomposite films displayed reduced moisture absorption and good antibacterial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]