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The interfacial dynamics and chemistry at the electrolyte/metal interface, particularly the formation of an adsorption interphase, is paramount in dictating the reversibility of Zn metal deposition and dissolution processes in battery systems. Herein, a series of different cationic ammonium‐based electrolyte additives are screened that effectively modulate the interfacial chemistry of zinc anodes in aqueous electrolytes, significantly improving the reversibility of Zn metal plating/stripping processes. As initially comprehensive investigation by combining theoretical calculation and molecular dynamic simulation, the tetramethylammonium cation, with its specific molecular structure and charge distribution, is identified as pivotal in mediating the Zn(H2O)62+ solvation shell structure at the electrode/electrolyte interface and shows the strong resistance against electrolyte corrosion as revealed by X‐ray and optical measurements. As a result, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with optimal electrolyte lasts for over 4400 h of stable plating/stripping behaviors, and the Zn||Cu asymmetric cell stabilizes for 2100 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.8%, which is much better than the‐state‐of‐art progress. Consequently, full‐cells coupled with various cathodes showcase improved electrochemical performance, displaying high capacity‐retention and low self‐discharge behaviors. These findings offer essential insights of cationic additives in ameliorating zinc anode performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthocyanins in maize (Zea mays L.) kernels determine the plant's color and can enhance its resistance. Selenium (Se) significantly impacts plant growth, development, and secondary metabolic regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Se regulates anthocyanin synthesis in waxy corn remain unclear. This study employed integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate the mechanisms through which selenium influences anthocyanin synthesis in yellow and purple waxy corn. The results showed that maize varieties with higher anthocyanin content had higher selenium enrichment capacity in their kernels. Under selenium stress, HN2025 exhibited 1,904 more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 140 more differential metabolites compared to HN5. The expression levels of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes and transcription factors such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), chalcone synthase (CHS), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), anthocyanin 5,3-O-glucosyltransferases, and anthocyanidin reductase, MYB, and bHLH were strongly induced in HN2025. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant enrichment in anthocyanin biosynthesis, flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, phenylalanine biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism under selenium treatment. Three up-regulated PAL genes and one C4H gene were significantly enriched with DAMs in phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis, resulting in significant differences between HN5 and HN2025 in selenium-induced anthocyanin metabolism-related pathways. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the effects of selenium on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize kernels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guodian Fe deposit is representative of the newly discovered Qihe–Yucheng high-grade Fe skarn ore cluster, Luxi Block, eastern North China Craton (NCC). The age of the Pandian Fe deposit remains elusive, which hinders the understanding of its metallogenic tectonic background. Phlogopites are recognized in syn-ore stages, and they are closely associated with magnetite in the Guodian skarn Fe deposit. Here, we carried out 40Ar/39Ar dating of phlogopite, which can place a tight constraint on the timing of Guodian iron mineralization and shed light on the geodynamic framework under which the Guodian Fe deposit formed. Ore-related phlogopite 40Ar/39Ar dating yielded 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 131.6 ± 1.7 Ma at 890–1400 °C, with the corresponding isochron age being 131.1 ± 2.6 Ma. These two ages are consistent within the error, indicating that they can represent the formation age of the Guodian iron deposit. The mineralization age overlaps the zircon U-Pb age of 124.4 Ma for ore-related Pandian pluton. This age consistency confirms that the iron skarn mineralization is temporally and likely genetically related to Pandian diorite. The present results, coupled with existing isotopic age data, indicate the Guodian skarn Fe deposit formed contemporaneously with large-scale skarn iron mineralization over the Luxi Block in the Late Mesozoic. The available data demonstrated that the eastern NCC was "destructed" in the Late Mesozoic, as marked by voluminous igneous rocks, faulted-basin formation, high crustal heat flow, and widespread metamorphic core complexes in the eastern part of the NCC. It is thus suggested that the Guodian Fe skarn deposits, together with other deposits of similar ages in the Luxi Block and even in the eastern NCC, were products of this craton destruction. Lithospheric extension and extensive magmatism related to the craton destruction may have provided sufficient heat energy, fluid, chlorine, and Fe for the formation of the Fe deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses new discovery of the Sanchahe Fe-Au deposit which provides the possibility of reevaluating gold metallogenic potential of the other major iron deposits in Laiwu. Topics discussed include report on discovered gold in the Zhangjiawa iron deposit; isotope analysis of associated pyrite, which are used to provide insights into the exploration of Aubearing iron skarn deposits; and determination of Trace element concentrations of pyrite.

Taxus suspension cell culture has the potential to provide a sustainable source of anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol) and other taxoids. In the cell culture of Taxus chinensis, Taxuyunnanine C (Tc) is the primary taxoid. To design a rational strategy for redirecting the precursor fluxes from other taxoids into paclitaxel production, we employed Real-time Quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) to understand the dynamic profiling of key biosynthetic pathway genes of palcitaxel and taxoids during the culture process. Six genes (TASY, TDAT, T5alphaH, TalphaH, T10betaH and T14betaH) were quantified under the process condition of double elicitation by 2,3-dihydroxylpropanyl jasmonate (DHPJA) (100 micromol/L on day 7 and day 12), and sucrose feeding (20 g/L) on day 7. This process treatment led to a high accumulation of Tc at (554.46 +/- 21.28) mg/L 8 days after the first elicitation. Then 9 days after the second elicitation, Tc production was as high as (997.72 +/- 1.51) mg/L. The early pathway genes TASY and TDAT were significantly up-regulated by 182-fold and 98-fold, respectively for the first DHPJA elicitation and by 208-fold and 131-fold, respectively for the second elicitation. The induction occurred after each elicitation lasted for about 24 h before their abundances decreased. Things are somewhat different in the case of the other four genes T5alphaH, TalphaH, T10betaH and T14betaH. For gene TalphaH, it was highly up-regulated by 3061-fold for the first DHPJA elicitation and by 1016-fold for the second elicitation. For the other three genes T5alphaH, T10betaH, T14betaH, they were up-regulated by 13-fold, 38-fold and 20-fold, respectively for the first DHPJA elicitation and by 7-fold, 16-fold and 6-fold, respectively for the second elicitation. The RQ-PCR results showed that there is tight correlation between gene expression and Tc accumulation. Gene expression was in accordance with Tc yield. Elicitation could improve expression of six genes. While along with culture course, high expression of the genes weakened. Elicitation for the second time would promote high expression of the genes again.

A bioprocess intensification strategy that combines both elicitation and in situ absorption was developed to improve the production of taxuyunnanine c (Tc) in cell suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis. When 100 micromol/L methyl jasmonate was added as an elicitor on Day 7, the Tc content and yield increased 3.6 and 3.3 times respectively, however the cell growth was reduced by 10%-30%. Significant improvement in Tc yield was observed when an absorbent XAD-7 was added on different time of the culture period. The optimum Tc yield was achieved when 100 g/L XAD-7 was added simultaneously with 100 micromol/L methyl jasmonate on Day 7. The maximum Tc yield of 477.4 mg/L was obtained on Day 21 of the culture, being 6.3-fold of the control and 1.9-fold of the 100 micromol/L methyl jasmonate treatment alone. In the combined treatment, 94% of the Tc produced was secreted outside of the cells and absorbed on XAD-7 absorbents. The results demonstrated that the process strategy combining elicitation and in situ absorption was effective to intensify the Tc biosynthesis via elicitation with the removal of product feedback inhibition via absorption, presenting a great potential in commercial applications.