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In China, the present implemented industrial wastewater discharge standards cannot objectively and correctly evaluate wastewater safety. The characteristics and application of the whole effluent toxicity evaluation methods at home and abroad were systematically summarized. The characteristics and application of whole effluent toxicity (WET), direct toxicity assessment (DTA), and whole effluent assessment (WEA) were emphatically discussed. The deficiencies of the comprehensive toxicity index system and evaluation methods of wastewater in China were analyzed. Reasonable suggestions on the establishment of the comprehensive toxicity methodology were proposed from aspects of species selection, experimental process and evaluation method. Finally, the actual situations of the characteristics of wastewater pollutants, discharge mode and environmental quality of receiving water should be considered as establishing comprehensive toxicity indices and evaluation methodology in line with Chinese national conditions.

This study investigates the integration of digital twin technology in the design of traditional cultural and creative products, addressing the challenges of innovation and efficiency in the cultural and creative industries. By employing digital twin network modeling, we develop an intelligent design method that digitally replicates and optimizes cultural products, enhancing design efficiency and innovation. Our approach involves digital modeling of traditional characteristics through preprocessing and feature extraction, followed by multi-scale design evolution experiments in a virtual environment. Results show a 30% improvement in design efficiency and increased product innovation and user satisfaction, demonstrating the method’s potential to revolutionize traditional product design while preserving cultural essence. This research contributes to the intelligent design of cultural and creative products and suggests new avenues for the cultural industry’s innovative growth.

Background: Globally, totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy is increasingly being accepted by surgeons for the treatment of gastric cancer. Overlap anastomosis and π-shaped anastomosis are the two most commonly used anastomosis methods in total laparoscopic surgery; however, their safety and suitability for the population are still unclear. Methods: A total of 162 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent total laparoscopic total gastrectomy with overlap or π-shaped anastomosis were retrospectively analyzed. The intraoperative conditions and postoperative complications were compared. Results: A significant difference in the tumor location was found between the two groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay between the two anastomosis methods (p > 0.05); however, the π-shaped anastomosis group had more postoperative anastomotic leakage (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overlap anastomosis is recommended as the preferred anastomosis for totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy, and π-shaped anastomosis can be applied to non-gastroesophageal junction cancer with lower tumor location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a serious complication that may occur following the double stapling technique (DST). The study aims to investigate the efficacy of anastomotic reinforcement using barbed sutures in preventing AL after laparoscopic low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer. Methods: During the period from November 1, 2018 to November 1, 2023, a total of 725 consecutive patients who had underwent laparoscopic LAR for rectal cancer were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: the continuous barbed suture reinforcement group (N = 296) and the control group (N = 429). Inter-group comparisons were used the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and nonparametric tests. Independent risk or protective factors for AL were analyzed using the multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among the 725 patients enrolled in this study, 24 patients (3.3%) were diagnosed with AL following surgery. The incidence of AL was lower in the reinforcement group when compared with the control group (1.4% vs. 4.7%, P = 0.014). In multivariate regression analyses, the neoadjuvant therapy (OR = 11.994, P < 0.01), tumor location (OR = 5.306, P = 0.015), anastomosis bleeding (OR = 58.822, P < 0.01), and number of staple firings used (≥ 3) (OR = 24.752, P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for AL, whereas the defunctioning stoma (OR = 0.051, P < 0.01) and reinforcing sutures (OR = 0.054, P = 0.001) were independent protective factors for AL in this study. No statistically significant differences were found in 36-item short-Form (SF-36) when evaluating the quality of patient's life between the two groups. Conclusions: Laparoscopic continuous barbed suture reinforcement of anastomosis could reduce the incidence of AL without affecting the quality-of-life following LAR. Further popularization of this approach in clinical is warranted. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government regulations on emission control can be broadly divided into two categories: price instruments and quantity instruments. In this paper, we develop a stylized model to compare the two instruments in the presence of market uncertainty. We find that when the emission intensity (i.e., emissions per unit of production) and the market uncertainty are both high or low, the expected social welfare under the price instruments will be higher; otherwise, the performance of the quantity instruments is comparatively better. The results are robust when incorporating firm competition and national/regional pollution damage. Afterward, we demonstrate that the government's quick‐response capability or a hybrid of the price and quantity instruments can improve the expected social welfare, especially for high‐emitting industries when the market uncertainty is intermediate. Lastly, for heterogeneous firms, we find that allowing permit trading in the quantity instrument may not be beneficial when pollution from each firm is more likely to have regional effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]