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Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is frequently employed for cardiac surgery, and selecting a suitable priming fluid is a prerequisite for CPB. Currently, the commonly used priming fluids in clinics are classified as crystalloids and colloids, including balanced crystalloids, albumin, dextran, gelatin and hydroxyethyl starch (HES). This network meta-analysis compared the effects of eight fluids used during CPB in adults to determine optimal priming fluid during CPB surgery. Randomised controlled trials assessing priming fluids for CPB in adult cardiac surgery published before 13 April 2023 were searched across Ovid MEDLINE(R) ALL, OVID EMbase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Various priming fluids were classified into eight categories, including balanced crystalloids, 0.9% NaCl, iso-oncotic human albumin, hyperoncotic human albumin, HES with molecular weight 130k, HES with molecular weight 200k, gelatin and dextran. The NMA of platelet counts revealed no significant differences in any result. In direct comparison results, only the comparison of HES with molecular weight 130k vs. gelatin (standard mean difference = −0.40, 95% confidence interval [95%CI: −0.63, −0.16) revealed a significant difference. According to the SUCRA, balanced crystalloids had the highest platelet count, followed by gelatin, and HES with a molecular weight of 130k had the lowest platelet, followed by HES with a molecular weight of 200k. Patients using dextran have a low mortality rate and a short mean CPB time, the use of balanced crystalloids is beneficial in terms of platelet count, and HES with molecular weight 130k is beneficial for postoperative urine volume at 24h. However, all priming fluids have pros and cons quite, and the optimal choice of priming fluids remains unsupported by current evidences. When performing CPB surgery, the type of priming fluid should be selected according to the actual situation in CPB for adult cardiac surgery. When dextran was used as the CPB priming fluid, patients had the lowest mortality and shortest mean CPB time. With iso-oncotic HA, patients had the shortest length of ICU stay, the least blood loss 24h after surgery, and the lowest chest tube output 24h after surgery. The use of balanced crystalloids was beneficial for platelet count, the use of L-HES was beneficial for urine output 24h after surgery, and the use of H-HES resulted in the shortest hospital stay. In summary, each of these fluids has pros and cons quite, and an optimal choice of priming fluids during CPB surgery remains unsupported by current evidence. When performing CPB surgery, the type of priming fluids should be selected according to the actual condition of the patient's body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of adding compound enzyme peptides in low protein diet on growth performance, slaughter performance and odor in excreta of broilers. A total of 390 one-day-old Hubbard broilers were randomly divided into five groups, with six replicates in each group and 13 broilers in each replicate. Broilers in normal protein group (NP group) were fed with a basal diet (crude protein levels in early, middle and late periods were 22%, 20% and 19%, respectively), while broilers in low protein group (LP group) were fed with a low protein amino acid balance diet (crude protein levels in early, middle and late periods were 19%, 17% and 16%, respectively). The other experimental groups were supplemented with 0.2% (group I), 0.4% (group II) and 0.6% (group III) enzyme mycopeptide complex preparations on basis of LP group diet, respectively. The results showed that compared with NP group, the ammonia concentration at 14, 35, 42 d, indoles content and skocyanin content of broilers in LP group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with LP group, ammonia concentration in excreta of broilers in group I, group II and group III at 14 d was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Group III had the best economic benefit, and its profit was 3.09% higher than that of LP group and 8.98% higher than that of NP group. The European benefit index was 15.47% higher than that in LP group and 5.63% higher than that in NP group. The experiment indicates that adding proper amount of enzyme peptides compound preparation in low protein diet can reduce feed to gain ratio, the content of smelly substances in excreta and environmental pollution to a certain extent, and the appropriate dosage is 0.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease. This study investigated the global, regional and country burden of COPD based on gender, age and socio‐demographic indices (SDIs) in the last 30‐year period from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The COPD data, including incidence, mortality and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. If age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) or death rate (ASDR) remains almost constant or decreases, the number of cases will still increase as the global population increases substantially. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to assess incidence, mortality and DALY trends. Results: The incidence of COPD increased by 85.89% from 8,722,966 cases in 1990 to 16,214,828 cases in 2019, and the ASIR decreased from 216.48/100,000 persons in 1990 (95%UI, 204.56–227.33) to 200.49 per 100,000 persons (95%UI, 188.63–212.57) in 2019. The ASIR increased (EAPC = 0.05, 95%CI, 0.01–0.10) in the low SDI region, was stable in the high SDI region, and fell in the other three SDI regions. Men had a higher ASIR than women over the past 30 years, and there were differences in the incidence rates for different age groups. Male mortality and DALYs were higher than female mortality. ASDR decreased by 2.13% (95%CI, −2.23% to −2.02%) per year and the annual age‐standardized DALY rate decreased by 1.97% (95%CI, −2.05% to −1.89%). Conclusions: The ASIR, ASDR and age‐standardized DALY rate of COPD declined overall in the last 30 years, and were highest in the low‐middle SDI region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyperuricemia, as a very prevalent chronic metabolic disease with increasing prevalence year by year, poses a significant burden on individual patients as well as on the global health care and disease burden, and there is growing evidence that it is associated with other underlying diseases such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The association between hyperuricemia and dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores was investigated in this study., Methods: This study enrolled 13, 040 adult subjects (aged ≥ 20 years) from the US National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2003 to 2018. The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed by the DII score, and logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between the DII score and the development of hyperuricemia; subgroup analyses were used to discuss the influence of other factors on the relationship., Results: Participants in the other quartiles had an increased risk of hyperuricemia compared to those in the lowest quartile of DII scores. Stratification analyses stratified by body mass index (BMI), sex, hypertension, drinking, diabetes, education level and albumin-creatinine-ratio (ACR) revealed that the DII score was also associated with the risk of hyperuricemia (P<0.05). There was an interaction in subgroup analysis stratified by sex, age, and hypertension (P for interaction <0.05). The results showed a linear-like relationship between DII and hyperuricemia, with a relatively low risk of developing hyperuricemia at lower DII scores and an increased risk of developing hyperuricemia as DII scores increased., Conclusions: This study showed that the risk of hyperuricemia increased at slightly higher DII scores (i.e., with pro-inflammatory diets), but not significantly at lower levels (i.e., with anti-inflammatory diets). The contribution of the DII score to the development of hyperuricemia increased with higher scores. The relationship between inflammatory diets and hyperuricemia requires more research on inflammation, and this study alerts the public that pro-inflammatory diets may increase the risk of developing hyperuricemia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liu, Chen, Gao, Shi, Yin, Yu and Zhang.)