Search

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) on the activity and structure, as well as the catalytic characteristics of endogenous proteinase. Initially, the primary proteinase responsible for silver carp surimi modori was analyzed through the investigation of TCA-soluble peptides and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on surimi gels with different proteinase inhibitors. The results showed that cysteine proteinase was predominant. On this basis, cathepsin L (Cat L) was selected as a representative, and the corresponding changes in enzymatic characteristics under HIU were evaluated by enzyme activity, particle size, ultraviolet–visible spectra, and sulfhydryl (SH) contents. Moreover, TCA-soluble peptides, SDS-PAGE, and microstructures were conducted to explore the Cat L-catalyzed hydrolysis of myosin. HIU significantly reduced the particle size of Cat L (P < 0.05) and destroyed its tertiary structures, as evidenced by the increased exposure of amino acids. Moreover, some SH groups embedded inside the active sites were exposed, leading to a marked decrease in Cat L activity (P < 0.05). Furthermore, HIU suppressed the myosin hydrolysis induced by Cat L, as supported by reduced degradation of myosin heavy chain and a corresponding decrease in TCA-soluble peptides. Additionally, transmission electron microscope observations demonstrated that the microstructures of myosin induced by HIU-treated Cat L were less coarse. In summary, HIU destroyed the Cat L molecules, leading to a significant reduction in enzyme activity, which inhibited the deterioration of low-salt myosin gels induced by Cat L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumination, a common factor of chronic insomnia disorder (CID) caused by cognitive-emotional arousal, is associated with an increased amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, the specific subtypes, such as phasic REM and tonic REM, that contribute to the increased REM sleep have not been reported. This study aimed to determine the association between rumination and different REM sleep subtypes in patients with CID. This study enrolled 35 patients with CID and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The Immersion-Rumination Questionnaire evaluated participants' rumination, and the Insomnia Severity Index was used to assess insomnia severity. Finally, polysomnography was used to monitor objective sleep quality and quantification of different types of REM. The CID patients had higher rumination scores than the healthy controls. They had a shorter REM sleep duration, less phasic REM, a lower percentage of phasic REM time, and a higher percentage of tonic REM time. Spectral analysis revealed that the patients affected by insomnia had higher β power during REM sleep, higher β and σ power during phasic REM sleep, and higher β, and γ power during tonic REM sleep. Partial correlation analysis showed that rumination in the CID patients correlated negatively with the duration of phasic REM sleep. Additionally, rumination correlated negatively with δ power in REM sleep and positively with β power in REM sleep, tonic REM sleep, phasic REM sleep, N3and N2 sleep in the patients with CID. The CID patients had stronger rumination, reduced total and phasic REM sleep, and the stronger rumination was, the shorter phasic REM was and the higher fast (β) wave power in REM sleep. • To evaluate the features of phasic and tonic rapid eye movement sleep and rumination in chronic insomnia disorder patients. • The more intense rumination in chronic insomnia patients, the shorter their phasic REM sleep. • Research on phasic and tonic REM could help us better understand insomnia and mood disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Frailty is a risk factor for faster cognitive decline, while plant-based dietary patterns are associated with decreased risk of cognitive decline. We aimed to explore their interaction with cognitive function among older adults. Methods We used data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey between 2008 and 2018. Frailty was evaluated based on the frailty index (FI), and the plant-based diet index (PDI) was calculated using food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Repeated measures of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were utilised to assess cognitive function. We used linear mixed models to estimate regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results We included 7,166 participants with a median follow-up of 5.8 years. Participants in pre-frail (β = −0.18, 95% CI: −0.24, −0.13) and frail (β = −0.39, 95% CI: −0.48, −0.30) groups experienced an accelerated decline in MMSE score compared with the robust group. The PDI modified the above association, with corresponding associations with frailty being much more pronounced among participants with a lower PDI (frail vs. robust β = −0.44, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.32), compared with those with a higher PDI (frail vs. robust β = −0.27, 95% CI: −0.40, −0.13). In addition, A combination of frailty and a low PDI was strongly associated with a faster decline in MMSE score (β = −0.52, 95% CI: −0.63, −0.41). Conclusion Adherence to plant-based dietary patterns attenuates the association between frailty and cognitive decline. If the observed association is causal, promoting plant-based dietary patterns may be a strategy to reduce the effects of frailty on neurological health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the effect of material temperatures (15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C) on the quality of fish vermicelli (FV) in terms of morphological, cooking, textural, microstructural, and water distribution properties. Results showed that as the material temperatures increased, the surface smoothness, cooking characteristics, and textural properties of FV significantly increased, followed by a decrease. Especially, when the material temperatures were 25°C and 30°C, the FV samples exhibited denser and more continuous gel networks with more embedded starch particles, resulting in decreased cooking loss and improved tensile strength. However, at material temperatures above 35°C, the continuity of the protein phase was disrupted by overswelling starch granules, leading to the worst cooking characteristics and textural properties. Especially at material temperatures of 40°C, the water holding capacity, hardness, and springiness of FV decreased by 25.59%, 73.48%, and 47.98%, respectively, compared to the samples at 25°C. Additionally, the cooking loss increased by 91.40%. In conclusion, the critical material temperature for the quality deterioration of FV was 35°C, and it was recommended to produce FV below this temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leisure activities and sleep duration are correlated and have been linked to cognitive function, but most studies have examined only one of these factors. Objective: To investigate the independent and joint associations of leisure activities and sleep duration with cognitive function among older adults. Methods: We included 7,796 participants aged≥65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey during 2008–2018 (waves 5–8). Self-reported leisure activities and sleep duration were assessed at baseline, and cognitive function was measured repeatedly using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline and during follow-up. We used linear mixed models to estimate regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The median follow-up duration was 5.77 years. After adjusting for each other and potential confounders, both lower leisure activity score (each 1-point decrease β= –0.33, 95% CI: –0.36 to –0.30) and longer sleep duration (each 1-hour increase β= –0.17, 95% CI: –0.22 to –0.11) were independently associated with lower MMSE score. Furthermore, we observed an additive interaction between leisure activities and sleep duration (pinteraction < 0.001). A combination of low leisure activity score and long sleep duration was strongly associated with decreased MMSE score (β= –2.51, 95% CI: –2.85 to –2.16) compared with the group with combined high leisure activity score and normal sleep duration. Conclusion: Both leisure activities and sleep duration were independently associated with cognitive function. Moreover, the combination of leisure inactivity and prolonged sleep duration predicted worse cognitive function (a preclinical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease) in an additive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oudemansiella raphanipes, considered as a well-known culinary edible mushroom with a high content of natural bioactive substances, is widely cultivated in China with the commercial name Changgengu. However, due to the lack of genomic data, molecular and genetic study on O. raphanipes is rare. To obtain a comprehensive overview of genetic characteristics and enhance the value of O. raphanipes, two mating-compatible monokaryons isolated from the dikaryon were applied for de novo genome sequencing and assembly using Nanopore and /or Illumina sequencing platforms. One of the monokaryons, O. raphanipes CGG-A-s1, was annotated with 21,308 protein-coding genes, of which 56 were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpene, type I PKS, NRPS, and siderophore. Phylogenetic and comparative analysis of multiple fungi genomes revealed a close evolutionary relationship between O. raphanipes and Mucidula mucid based on single-copy orthologous protein genes. Significant collinearity was detected between O. raphanipes and Flammulina velutipes on the synteny of inter-species genomes. 664 CAZyme genes in CGG-A-s1 were identified with GHs and AAs families significantly elevated when compared with the other 25 sequenced fungi, indicating a strong wood degradation ability. Furthermore, the mating type locus analysis revealed that CGG-A-s1 and CGG-A-s2 were conserved in the gene organization of the mating A locus but various in that of the mating B locus. The genome resource of O. raphanipes will provide new insights into its development of genetic studies and commercial production of high-quality varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L-Carnitine is widespread in nature, but little information is available on its metabolism and physiological functions in moderate halophiles. In this study, we found that Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043 could utilize carnitine not only as a nutrient, but also as an osmolyte. When grown at 37 °C under salt-stress conditions, the strain utilized carnitine as an osmoprotectant by enzymatically converting it into GB. When grown at low and high temperature, both carnitine and its metabolic intermediate GB were simultaneously accumulated intracellularly, serving as cryoprotectants and thermoprotectants. The genes (csal_3172, csal_3173, and csal_3174) which were predicted to participate in L-carnitine degradation to GB were deleted to construct the corresponding mutants. The effects of salinity and temperature on the growth rates and cytoplasmic solute pools of the C. salexigens wild-type and mutant strains were investigated. 13C-NMR analysis revealed that GB was still detected in the Δcsal_3172Δcsal_3173Δcsal_3174 mutant grown in a defined medium with added DL-carnitine, but not with L-carnitine, indicating that an unidentified D-carnitine degradation pathway exists in C. salexigens. Taken together, the data presented in this study expand our knowledge on carnitine metabolism and its physiological functions in C. salexigens exposed to single or multiple environmental abiotic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, CoFe-based oxide nanosheets were prepared by a facile method and its catalysis effects on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were studied. CoFe-based oxide nanosheets were obtained from hydrothermal process and high-temperature treatment of CoFe-layered double hydroxide. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The thermal catalytic decomposition of AP with CoFe-based oxide nanosheets as catalysts was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and coupling Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results showed that the CoFe-based oxide samples with the width size of 200–300 nm and the thickness size of ∼10 nm show the inherent catalytic ability.With 10 wt% of CoFe-based oxide nanosheets added, the decomposition temperature of AP was reduced by 127.5 ◦C from 431.0 ◦C to 303.5 ◦C. The apparent activation energy was decreased by 61.1 kJ/mol from 177.3 kJ/mol of raw AP to 116.2 kJ/mol of AP with 10 wt% of CoFe-based oxide nanosheets added. The thermal catalysis decomposition mechanism of AP with CoFe-based oxide nanosheet material promoting was proposed. This work offered a novel idea toward preparation and application of functional material layered double hydroxide in the field of energetic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we designed selectively doped Co3O4 to explore the effect of coordination sites, in which the octahedral and tetrahedral sites were modulated by simple doping with ions of different radiuses (Al and In). Compared to octahedral regulation, the synergistic regulation of both tetrahedral sites and octahedral sites can induce a higher intrinsic activity, which is because they possess improved electrical conductivity and facilitate the formation of highly active Co3+/Co4+ species during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that the catalysis effects of MgCo2O4 nanosheets on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated. The MgCo2O4 nanosheets were synthesized with a facile free-template hydrothermal method. The chemical structure and micromorphology of MgCo2O4 nanosheets were characterized. Moreover, the catalysis thermal decomposition properties of AP using composite metal oxides MgCo2O4 nanosheets with different amounts.

In view of the high toxicity and widespread availability, it is of great importance to develop accurate, sensitive, and convenient assays for fluoride ion (F−) detection. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescent system is established for point-of-care testing (POCT) of F− with a smartphone as analyzer. The sensing system of calcein-QDs-Eu3+ contains two fluorescent probes of calcein (green emission) and ZnCdSe/ZnS QDs (red emission). The sensing system only presents red emission in that the calcein emission is quenched due to the combination between calcein and Eu3+. When F− is introduced, the fluorescence of calcein is recovered due to the stronger interaction between F− and Eu3+, which changes the emission from red to green. The ratiometric strategy offers an obvious fluorescence color change of the system, which eliminates interference and improves the detection accuracy. Specifically, the sensing system has excellent selectivity in that Eu3+ is more inclined to bind with F− rather than other anions. The developed assay was further used to prepare a test paper and hydrogel for POCT. To further improve the detection sensitivity and realize quantitative analysis, a smartphone installed with a color scan app is integrated as signal reader and analyzer, which is used for POCT of F− in real samples, showing great application potential in environmental protection and food safety evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carrier spin polarization of magnetic materials is one of the most critical elements for current-driven spintronics devices. Experimental evidence of spin polarization of magnetic oxides is still a matter of considerable debate although room-temperature ferromagnetism was reported in nearly all doped/undoped oxides materials. In this work, we systematically study the carrier spin polarization and non-uniform magnetization scattering of Zn 1−x Fe x Al 0.01 O (x = 0.05, 0.10) thin films in metallic regime. Spin polarization 65 ± 8% is confirmed experimentally for Zn 0.95 Fe 0.05 Al 0.01 O by Andreev Reflection spectroscopy, which reduces to 40 ± 5% for Zn 0.90 Fe 0.10 Al 0.01 O as Fe doping level increases to 10%. Magnetoresistance and Anomalous Hall effect are observed in Zn 1−x Fe x Al 0.01 O films which corroborates the spin-polarized carrier in spin-split bands close to the Fermi level. Furthermore, combining element mapping and Andreev reflection spectra, our results support that non-uniform magnetization of Zn 1−x Fe x Al 0.01 O films which introduces large inelastic spin-flip scattering at the interface of Zn 1−x Fe x Al 0.01 O/Pb superconducting junctions, and consequently reduction of spin polarization. The spin-polarized carrier and transport behaviors in Zn 1−x Fe x Al 0.01 O magnetic oxides provide the reliable evidence to identify the intrinsic ferromagnetism and an excellent platform for spintronics device applications. [Display omitted] • Spin polarization of carrier 65 ± 8% was determined quantitatively in Zn 0.95 Fe 0.05 Al 0.01 O thin film for the first time. • Carrier spin polarization and transport offer a reliable evidence to identify intrinsic ferromagnetism of doped oxides. • Element mapping and Andreev reflection spectra, confirm non-uniform magnetization distribution in Zn 0.90 Fe 0.10 Al 0.01 O film. • Ferromagnetism and Anomalous Hall effect of Zn 1−x Fe x Al 0.01 O films corroborate spin-split bands close to the Fermi level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xingbei Zhike granule (XBZK), a widely prescribed Chinese patent medicine, is known for its efficacy in clearing lung qi, relieving cough and reducing phlegm, as well as fever, dry and bitter taste, and irritability. Despite its clinical popularity, comprehensive investigations into its chemical composition, in vivo metabolism, and pharmacokinetic characteristics are limited. This study investigates the chemical composition, in vivo metabolism, and in vivo dynamics of XBZK to clarify its material basis and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap-MS) was used to determine the chemical composition and in vivo metabolic profile of XBZK. Additionally, UPLC with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQ-MS/MS) was performed to quantify its main components and evaluate its in vivo dynamics in rat plasma. In total, 57 components were identified in XBZK. Furthermore, 40 prototype components and 31 metabolites were detected in various biological matrices of rats, including plasma, tissues, bile, feces, and urine. After administration, the area under the curve (AUC) for ephedrine (Eph), pseudoephedrine (Peph), neotuberostemonine (Neo), amygdalin (Amy), and enoxolone (Eno) exhibited a strong linear relationship with the administered dose (r > 0.9) in all rats. And gender-related differences in the absorption of peiminine (Pmn), peimisine (Pms), and chrysin-7- O -glucuronide (Cog) were notable among rats, with male rats showing a dose-dependent pattern of absorption, while female rats exhibited minimal absorption. XBZK contains 57 components, primarily composed of flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins. The eight main components were rapidly absorbed and eliminated, with some, such as Eph, Peph, Neo, Amy and Eno, following a linear pharmacokinetic pattern. Furthermore, Pmn, Pms and Cog were well absorbed in male rats, showing a dose-dependent behavior. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional constipation (FC), characterized by chronic constipation, significantly impacts physiological function and induces psychological stress in patients. However, current clinical treatment options for FC are currently limited. Cistanche deserticola , a traditional Chinese medicine that promotes intestinal moisture and bowel relaxation, contains cistanche total alditol extract (CTAE) as its primary active extract. However, the production of CTAE, its overall efficacy, and potential mechanisms for treating FC have yet to been investigated. This study aimed to reveal the overall efficacy and potential mechanism of action of CTAE in rats with FC using a combination of stable preparation, pharmacodynamics, non-targeted metabolomics, bile acid metabolomics, and western blotting. Fourteen batches of CTAE underwent quality testing. A rat model of FC was developed using diphenoxylate tablets. The comprehensive pharmacodynamic effects of CTAE on FC were evaluated using fecal characteristics (wet weight, dry weight, and water content), intestinal transmission (colonic EMG amplitude, colonic EMG frequency, propulsion length, and propulsion rate), serum and colon biochemical indicators, distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and pathological examination. Non-targeted metabolomics was performed to assess the changes in endogenous metabolite profiles induced by CTAE. Bile acid metabolomics and western blotting analyses were employed to validate the potential mechanisms of action of CTAE. CTAE, with a total content of betaine, mannitol, D-fructose, glucose, and sucrose of (75.67 ± 3.73) %, significantly enhanced intestinal transit, regulated neurotransmitters, increased the expression of c-kit in ICC, and alleviated intestinal inflammation in rats with FC. Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that CTAE significantly alleviated FC-induced metabolic disorders, mainly the biosynthesis of primary bile acids. Targeted metabolomic analysis confirmed that CTAE regulated FC-induced bile acid disorders. Western-blotting results confirmed that CTAE increased the expression of CYP8B1, FGF15, TGR5, and FXR, thereby modulating bile acid synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. CTAE demonstrates significant therapeutic effects on FC, primarily through the regulation of bile acid synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. These findings provide a promising foundation for the development and clinical application of novel CATE-based drugs. [Display omitted] • Producing high-quality and stable CTAE. • CTAE exerts significant therapeutic effects on rat with FC. • Metabolomics reveals that CTAE mainly regulates bile acid metabolism. • BA metabolomics and western-blot confirms the anti-FC mechanism of CTAE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as promising carriers for immobilized enzymes. Whereas, some interrelated and restrictive problems exist in the construction of MOFs immobilized enzymes with excellent catalytic performance, resulting in reduced catalytic activity of the enzymes. In this work, a novel hierarchical porous structure of Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOF, HPU) was accurately constructed for co-immobilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx). The prepared HPU carrier can enrich the substrate by using the abundant micropore structure around the mesopore, thus reducing the mass transfer resistance and making up for the loss of enzyme activity during enzyme immobilization. Notably, GOx-HRP@HPU demonstrated outstanding catalytic efficiency and excellent stability, as well as ideal reusability, maintaining nearly 95% initial activity at 60 ℃ after 1 h incubation and above 65% initial activity after 10 reuses. Both the immobilization process and interaction of substrates with co-immobilized bienzyme reactor were investigated by means of microcalorimetry, which demonstrated HPU was an excellent platform for co-immobilized HRP and GOx. Furthermore, GOx-HRP@HPU was used for the detection of glucose with excellent detection performance. • HPU with meso-microporous structure was precisely constructed for co-immobilizing bienzyme. • The interaction of substrates with GOx-HRP@HPU was investigated by microcalorimetry for the first time. • The specificity and binding affinity of the co-immobilized bienzyme to substrates were enhanced. • The co-immobilized bienzyme was very efficient under the harsh conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Calcium superphosphate and fly ash improved the GI of final compost (from 50% to above 80%) • Fly ash promoted protein-like component transformation and humus substrate polymerization in composting. • Calcium superphosphate promoted humus precursor production through an abiotic pathway. • Fly ash increased the bacteria diversity to promote compost maturity through biotic pathways. To investigate the conversion of carbon and nitrogen organic matter to humus mediated by mineral material additives through biotic and abiotic pathways, three chicken manure composting experiments were conducted using calcium superphosphate (CS) and fly ash (FA). Results showed that CS and FA promoted carbon and nitrogen organic degradation and improved compost maturity. The ratio of humic acid-like to fulvic acid-like substances for FA (30) was significantly higher than for control (18) and CS (13). Excitation-emission-matrix spectra and parallel factor analysis identified a higher transformation of protein-like components into humic-like components in FA. Network analysis showed that CS improved compost maturity by promoting the rapid conversion of humus precursors to humus, while FA increased the richness and diversity of the microbial community, such as Chloroflexi, the unique phylum in FA. Overall, CS and FA facilitated the humification process through abiotic and biotic pathways, and FA had better humification performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To study the clinical efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) in treating endometrial cancer and the influence on ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tumor markers, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125). Method. A total of 152 cases of patients with endometrial carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups: the TCM + WM group and the WM group. The WM group was treated with megestrol acetate tablets, and the TCM + WM group was treated with Radix Astragali injection on the basis of the control group. The levels of inflammatory factors, HE4 and CA125 in serum, were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or radioimmunoassay. The characteristics of ultrasound images and MRI images were observed and recorded. Toxicity, side effects, and the 3-year cumulative survival rate after treatment were assessed. Results. After treatment, the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in both groups decreased, and the decrease in the TCM + WM group was more obvious than that in the WM group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in lesion shape, boundary, blood flow signal, lesion diameter, resistance index (RI), echo, intima thickness, and muscle layer infiltration from transvaginal ultrasound images after treatment. The diameter, echo, boundary, shape, composition, and enhancement degree of lesions between the two groups have a significant difference. Moreover, the levels of serum HE4 and CA125 in both groups decreased after treatment, and the decrease in the TCM + WM group was more obvious than that in the WM group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the occurrence of myelosuppression, abnormal liver function, decreased platelet number, gastrointestinal reactions, leukopenia, and cardiotoxicity. After three years of follow-up, the cumulative survival rate of the TCM + WM group was 76.32%, and the cumulative survival rate of the WM group was 57.89%. Conclusion. Radix Astragali injection combined with megestrol acetate tablets has obvious therapeutic effects against endometrial cancer. Through vaginal ultrasonography and MRI, it can significantly improve the size, shape, and blood flow signals of patients' lesions, reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors and tumor markers HE4 and CA125, reduce the incidence of toxic and side reactions, improve the patient's immunity, improve the patient's condition significantly, and prolong the survival time of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a significant public health concern, and bioactive peptides have shown potential as therapeutic agents. However, information about their synergistic effects on cognitive function is still limited. Here, we investigated the synergistic effects of tilapia head protein hydrolysate (THPH) and walnut protein hydrolysate (WPH) in mitigating CI induced by scopolamine in mice. RESULTS: The results showed that the combined supplementation of THPH and WPH (mass ratio, 1:1) was superior to either individual supplement in enhancing spatial memory and object recognition abilities in CI mice, and significantly lessened brain injury in CI mice by alleviating neuronal damage, reducing oxidative stress and stabilizing the cholinergic system. In addition, the combined supplementation was found to be more conducive to remodeling the gut microbiota structure in CI mice by not only remarkably reducing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota, but also specifically enriching the genus Roseburia. On the other hand, the combined supplementation regulated the disorders of sphingolipid and amino acid metabolism in CI mice, particularly upregulating glutathione and histidine metabolism, and displayed a stronger ability to increase the expression of genes and proteins related to the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB/CrEB signaling pathway in the brain. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that tilapia head and walnut‐derived protein hydrolysates exerted synergistic effects in ameliorating CI, which was achieved through modulation of gut microbiota, serum metabolic pathways and BDNF signaling pathways. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pulmonary fibrosis is a characteristic of various interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) with differing etiologies. Clinical trials in progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) enroll patients based on previously described clinical criteria for past progression, which include a clinical practice guideline for PPF classification and inclusion criteria from the INBUILD trial. In this study, we compared the ability of past FVC (forced vital capacity) progression and baseline biomarker levels to predict future progression in a cohort of patients from the PFF Patient Registry. Methods: Biomarkers previously associated with pathobiology and/or progression in pulmonary fibrosis were selected to reflect cellular senescence (telomere length), pulmonary epithelium (SP-D, RAGE), myeloid activation (CXCL13, YKL40, CCL18, OPN) and fibroblast activation (POSTN, COMP, PROC3). Results: PFF or INBUILD-like clinical criteria was used to separate patients into past progressor and non-past progressor groups, and neither clinical criterion appeared to enrich for patients with greater future lung function decline. All baseline biomarkers measured were differentially expressed in patient groups compared to healthy controls. Baseline levels of SP-D and POSTN showed the highest correlations with FVC slope over one year, though correlations were low. Conclusions: Our findings provide further evidence that prior decline in lung function may not predict future disease progression for ILD patients, and elevate the need for molecular definitions of a progressive phenotype. Across ILD subtypes, certain shared pathobiologies may be present based on the molecular profile of certain biomarker groups observed. In particular, SP-D may be a common marker of pulmonary injury and future lung function decline across ILDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pulmonary fibrosis is a characteristic of various interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) with differing etiologies. Clinical trials in progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) enroll patients based on previously described clinical criteria for past progression, which include a clinical practice guideline for PPF classification and inclusion criteria from the INBUILD trial. In this study, we compared the ability of past FVC (forced vital capacity) progression and baseline biomarker levels to predict future progression in a cohort of patients from the PFF Patient Registry. Methods: Biomarkers previously associated with pathobiology and/or progression in pulmonary fibrosis were selected to reflect cellular senescence (telomere length), pulmonary epithelium (SP-D, RAGE), myeloid activation (CXCL13, YKL40, CCL18, OPN) and fibroblast activation (POSTN, COMP, PROC3). Results: PFF or INBUILD-like clinical criteria was used to separate patients into past progressor and non-past progressor groups, and neither clinical criterion appeared to enrich for patients with greater future lung function decline. All baseline biomarkers measured were differentially expressed in patient groups compared to healthy controls. Baseline levels of SP-D and POSTN showed the highest correlations with FVC slope over one year, though correlations were low. Conclusions: Our findings provide further evidence that prior decline in lung function may not predict future disease progression for ILD patients, and elevate the need for molecular definitions of a progressive phenotype. Across ILD subtypes, certain shared pathobiologies may be present based on the molecular profile of certain biomarker groups observed. In particular, SP-D may be a common marker of pulmonary injury and future lung function decline across ILDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common and urgent neonatal emergencies in the neonatal intensive care unit. This disease leads to considerable morbidity and mortality; it also imposes a huge financial burden on patient family and society. Thus, Treatment and prevention of NEC are crucial. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the effect and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii for NEC in pre-term infants.Methods: A comprehensive search was retrieved in six major databases. The search included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the incidence of NEC (stage ≥ II), sepsis, mortality, feeding intolerance, full feeding days, time to regain birth weight, days of hospitalization and adverse effects. The random model was used to calculate risk ratio (RR), the standard mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between the S. boulardii group and control group. Statistical analyses were conducted using Cochrane systematic review software, Rev Man (version 5.3).Results: In total, 10 RCTs involving 1264 participants met the inclusion criteria. There were significant reductions in the incidence of NEC [RR = 0.56, 95% CI (0.36-0.89)], feeding intolerance [RR = 0.52, 95% CI (0.39-0.68)], full feeding days [SMD = -1.25, 95% CI (-2.06 to -0.45)] and hospitalization days [SMD = -1.33, 95% CI (-2.64 to -0.02)] in the study group compared with the control group. However, there were no significant differences in sepsis [RR = 0.84, 95% CI (0.61-1.17)], death [RR = 1.12, 95% CI (0.46-2.70)] and the time to regain birth weight [SMD = -0.93, 95% CI (-1.88 to 0.03)] between the two groups. The adverse effect of S. boulardii was not reported. The overall methodological quality was evaluated as moderate by the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment Tool.Conclusion: According to this evidence we recommend S. boulardii to prevent NEC, reduce the feeding intolerance, shorten the full feeding days and hospitalization days. However, S. boulardii might be invalid on the incidence of sepsis, mortality and the time to regain birth weight.Registration: This review has been registered to the PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) on 5 December 2019 (ID: CRD42019147896). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depressive symptoms are common in patients with first‐episode psychosis. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the comorbid depression in schizophrenia are still unknown. The main purpose of this study was to characterize the structural abnormalities of first‐episodes drug‐naïve (FEDN) schizophrenia comorbid with depression by utilizing both volume‐based and surface‐based morphometric measurements. Forty‐two patients with FEDN schizophrenia and 29 healthy controls were recruited. The 24‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD‐24) was administrated to divide all patients into depressive patients (DP) and non‐depressive patients (NDP). Compared with NDP, DP had a significantly larger volume and surface area in the left isthmus cingulate cortex and also had a greater volume in the left posterior cingulate cortex. Correlation analysis showed that HAMD total score was positively correlated with the surface area of the left isthmus cingulate and gray matter volume of the left isthmus cingulate cortex. In addition, gray matter volume of the left isthmus cingulate was also correlated with the PANSS general psychopathology or total score. The findings suggest that prominent structural abnormalities of gray matter are mainly concentrated on the cingulate cortex in FEDN schizophrenia patients comorbid with depression, which may contribute to depressive symptoms and psychopathological symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diatoms are one of the most successful group of photosynthetic eukaryotes in the contemporary ocean. They are ubiquitously distributed and are the most abundant primary producers in polar waters. Equally remarkable is their ability to tolerate iron deprivation and respond to periodic iron fertilization. Despite their relatively large cell sizes, diatoms tolerate iron limitation and frequently dominate iron-stimulated phytoplankton blooms, both natural and artificial. Here, we review the main iron use strategies of diatoms, including their ability to assimilate and store a range of iron sources, and the adaptations of their photosynthetic machinery and architecture to iron deprivation. Our synthesis relies on published literature and is complemented by a search of 82 diatom transcriptomes, including information collected from seven representatives of the most abundant diatom genera in the world's oceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular biology research often requires extraction of DNA fragments from agarose gels. In the past decades, there have been many methods developed for this purpose. Currently most researchers, especially novices, use commercial kits for this extraction, although these kits cost money and the procedures involved are not necessarily easier than some erstwhile methods. We herein reintroduce and reassess several simple and cost-free older methods. One method involves excising a slice of the gel containing the DNA fragment, followed by a thaw-and-freeze procedure to release the DNA from the gel slice into the gel-making buffer. The second method involves a dialysis tubing and requires electroelution of the DNA from the gel slice in the tubing. The third one is to centrifuge the gel slice to release the DNA. The fourth method requires electro-transfer of the DNA from the gel into a filter paper, while the fifth one includes either allowing the DNA in the slice to be dissolved into a buffer or dissolving the DNA-containing gel slice, followed by DNA precipitation with ethanol or isopropanol. The strengths and weaknesses of these methods are discussed to assist researchers in making their choice. We also point out that some of the end uses of the DNA fragment in the agarose gel may not actually require extraction of the DNA. For instance, a tiny DNA-containing gel block or filter paper can be directly used as the template in a nested or semi-nested polymerase chain reaction to preliminarily determine the identity of the DNA fragment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the changes in cross-linking of low-salt myosin mediated by microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) under high intensity ultrasound (HIU). HIU activated the fish endogenous transglutaminase by 14.11%. Meanwhile, HIU induced the conformational changes in low-salt myosin with decrease of α-helix and increase of β-sheet structures. At 0.1 mol/L salt, compared to solely treated MTGase/solely treated myosin, the most ε-(γ-Glu)-Lys bonds were formed in HIU-treated MTGase + myosin, evidenced by the lowest solubility. Correspondingly, the G’ showed the highest increase rate. Consequently, the samples formed regular and continuous protein matrix structures. Specifically, the microstructures of HIU-treated MTGase + myosin samples at 0.1 mol/L salt were even more compact than those of control samples at 0.3 mol/L salt. Besides, HIU-treated MTGase + myosin improved the water holding capacity by 18.28%. In summary, HIU promoted the cross-linking between low-salt myosin mediated by MTGase through activating the enzyme, improving substrate dispersion, or both, with the largest improvement degree observed for HIU-treated MTGase + myosin group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic loads pose a potential threat to the high-speed railway bridges in China, which have been rapidly developing in recent years, especially for those subjected to the near-fault earthquakes. The previous researches on high-speed railway bridges usually concern the far-field earthquake, and the damage of high-speed railway bridge–track system subjected to the near-fault earthquake has not been well studied. In this article, a seven-span high-speed railway simply supported bridge–track system is selected to explore the seismic damage features under the excitation of near-fault earthquake which possesses characteristics of obvious velocity pulse and high-frequency vibration. First, a detailed finite element model of the selected bridge–track system is established and calibrated by the experimental data and design code. Then the low-frequency pulse-type portion and the high-frequency background portion are separated from the selected eight original near-fault records, and a series of nonlinear dynamic analysis is conducted. The results show that the background portion leads to more serious damage of the bridge–track system than the pulse-type portion. Due to the high stiffness of high-speed railway bridge–track system, the background portion with high-frequency vibration characteristic produces the main part of seismic response of system. As for the damage part of system, the weakest component of the bridge–track system is the sliding layer, followed by the shear alveolar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is widely known as a key regulator of lipid metabolism. We investigated the relationship between ANGPTL4 expression in serum or urine and blood lipid or urine protein levels of patients with hyperlipidemia- (HL-) related proteinuria. Sixty-eight patients with HL-related proteinuria (HL-Pro group), 68 patients with HL without proteinuria (HL-NPro group), 46 patients with non-HL-related proteinuria (NHL-Pro group), and 50 healthy control (Con) subjects were selected. There were no significant differences in serum ANGPTL4 levels between the Con group (36.82 ± 17.03 ng/ml) and the HL-Pro group (27.94 (18.90, 53.72) ng/ml). Additionally, the serum ANGPTL4 levels in the HL-Pro group were significantly lower than those in the HL-NPro group (53.32 ± 24.01 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). The urine ANGPTL4/Cr levels in the HL-Pro group (52.01 (45.25, 79.79) μg/g) were significantly higher than those in the HL-NPro group (9.96 (8.35, 12.43) ng/ml) (P < 0.05). A significant alteration in urine ANGPTL4/Cr levels was observed in the NHL-Pro group (69.41 ± 55.36 μg/g) and the Con group (10.08 ± 2.38 μg/g) as well. There was no correlation between serum and urine ANGPTL4 levels of the four groups (P > 0.05). Serum ANGPTL4 levels (HL-Pro/HL-NPro group) were positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in hyperlipidemia patients. However, there was no correlation between urinary ANGPTL4 levels and TC or TG (P > 0.05). Urine ANGPTL4 levels were positively correlated with 24hUPro in patients with renal impairment (HL-Pro/NHL-Pro group). To summarize, ANGPTL4 may be considered an accurate predictor of proteinuria with HL. Notably, serum or urine ANGPTL4 levels indicated the degree of proteinuria or hyperlipidemia, respectively, in HL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infections caused by foodborne microorganisms are a great threat to the global environment and public healthcare today. Thus, rapid, portable and sensitive assays that can realize the identification of foodborne bacteria are highly desired. In this study, a smart fluorescent and colorimetric dual-readout sensing system has been established for simple and rapid E. coli determination by utilizing the Cu2+-triggered oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (OPD). Initially, Cu2+ can oxidize OPD to OPDox, resulting in an orange-yellow fluorescence and visible pale-yellow color. However, E. coli can effectively reduce Cu2+ into Cu+, inhibiting the Cu2+-triggered oxidation of OPD to OPDox. Consequently, the introduction of E. coli can turn off both the fluorescence and the UV-vis absorbance signals of the OPD-Cu2+ system, illustrating an original mechanism for fluorescent and colorimetric dual-channel detection of E. coli. Moreover, a filter paper-based visual sensor was built and coupled with OPD-Cu2+ solution under the assistance of a UV lamp. The as-prepared sensor can detect E. coli quantitatively with the help of a typical smartphone color-scanning application (APP). Thus, this study offers a valid dual-mode assay for sensitive and on-site visible detection of E. coli, guaranteeing the reliability of the results and is more attractive for practical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This work aims to develop a new kind of semicrystalline polymer filament and optimize its printing parameters in the fused deposition modeling process. The purpose of this work also includes producing FDM parts with good ductility. Design/methodology/approach: A new kind of semicrystalline filaments composed of long-chain polyamide (PA)1012 was prepared by controlling screw speed and pulling speed carefully. The optimal printing parameters for PA1012 filaments were explored through investigating dimensional accuracy and bonding strength of FDM parts. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of PA1012 specimens were also evaluated by varying nozzle temperatures and raster angles. Findings: It is found that PA1012 filaments can accommodate for FDM process under suitable printing parameters. The print quality and mechanical properties of FDM parts highly depend on nozzle temperature and bed temperature. Even though higher temperatures facilitate stronger interlayer bonding, FDM parts with excellent tensile strength were obtained at a moderate nozzle temperature. Moreover, a bed temperature well above the glass transition temperature of PA1012 can eliminate shrinkage and distortion of FDM parts. As expected, FDM parts prepared with PA1012 filaments exhibit good ductility. Originality/value: Results in this work demonstrate that the PA1012 filament allows the production of FDM parts with desired mechanical performance. This indicates the potential for overcoming the dependence on amorphous thermoplastics as a feedstock in the FDM technique. This work also provides insight into the effect of materials properties on the mechanical performance of FDM-printed parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug development for systemic sclerosis (SSc) benefits from understanding the relationship between disease and circulating biomarkers to enable activities such as patient stratification and evaluation of therapeutic response. We measured biomarkers in serum from SSc patients from a phase 3 trial of tocilizumab (focuSSced) and compared baseline levels with healthy controls (HCs). Several baseline biomarkers appeared elevated in SSc patients compared to HCs, suggesting activation of epithelial damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Baseline correlations among both periostin/COMP and ECM biomarker subsets implicated their participation in fibroblast activation. Tocilizumab treatment modulated serum biomarkers of macrophage activation, inflammation, and ECM turnover, including collagen formation and degradation neoepitopes. Baseline CRP, periostin, and SP-D showed prognostic trends for worsening lung function, and IL-6, COMP, periostin, and Pro-C3 showed prognostic trends for worsening skin thickness. These prognostic results warrant confirmation in additional patient cohorts to verify their utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been regarded as ideal carriers for enzyme immobilization owing to their unique structural characteristics. Whereas, enzyme activity and catalytic efficiency are seriously influenced owing to the conformation change of enzyme molecules during immobilization and the increase of substrate mass transfer resistance during catalysis. Herein, for the first time, we designed a novel magnetic hierarchical micro- and mesoporous metal-organic framework (mH-UiO-66(Zr)) as a platform for co-immobilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx). The obtained mH-UiO-66(Zr) with magnetic performance and hierarchical structure can effectively inhibit enzyme leakage, and reduce the material loss caused by centrifugation and the mass transfer resistance of substrate. Notably, the bienzyme bioreactor (GOx&HRP@mH-UiO-66(Zr)) was accurately constructed online in situ by microcalorimetry, which exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency and superior stability against organic solvents, pH and temperature and favourable reusability, maintaining 95.1% of the original activity after 1 h incubation at 70 °C and over 90% initial activity after 15 cycles. Kinetics and thermodynamics investigation revealed the enhanced affinity of GOx&HRP@mH-UiO-66(Zr) for substrates. Furthermore, GOx&HRP@mH-UiO-66(Zr) has been utilized for the rapid detection and efficient degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), ensuring bio-catalytic material a bright potential application in environmental remediation. • mH-UiO-66(Zr) with magnetic performance and hierarchical structure as a platform for co-immobilizing bienzyme. • The interaction of substrates with GOx&HRP@mH-UiO-66(Zr) was investigated by microcalorimetry. • The diffusion resistance of substrate on GOx&HRP@mH-UiO-66(Zr) was greatly decreased due to co-regionalization. • The co-immobilized bienzyme exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency and superior stability under the harsh conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to explore the impact of overt hypothyroidism on diastolic left ventricular (LV) deformation and the effect of levothyroxine therapy using 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE) strain rate (SR) imaging. Methods: Forty‐seven newly diagnosed hypothyroidic patients and 51 controls were prospectively enrolled. All participants underwent comprehensive 2‐dimensional echocardiography. Besides the recently recommended parameters of LV diastolic function, strain imaging for LV systolic global longitudinal strain (GLS), and diastolic SR imaging at isovolumic relaxation period (SRivr), early (SRe) and late (SRa) diastole were assessed. Repeated echocardiography in hypothyroidic patients was made 6 months after the euthyroidic state was achieved. Results: Hypothyroidic patients had a lower ejection fraction (EF) than the controls (68.6 ± 5.2% vs 71.5 ± 4.0%, P = 0.002) but all within normal range (57%–80% and 64%–79%, respectively). No difference in the ratio of early mitral flow (E) to early diastolic septal or lateral myocardial motion velocity (e′) was found (both P > 0.05), but significant difference was identified for SRa (0.85 ± 0.17 [/s] vs 1.00 ± 0.17 [/s], P = 0.000) and GLS (−20.8 ± 3.2% vs −23.6 ± 2.3%, P = 0.000). Upon follow‐up, LV SRa (1.01 ± 0.20 [/s], P = 0.99 vs control) normalized when GLS (−21.6 ± 3.1%, P = 0.004 vs control) remained worse than the controls. Conclusion: This study demonstrates subtle LV diastolic impairment in untreated hypothyroidic patients using SR imaging, which normalizes with short‐term therapy and predates GLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leakage and incompatibility of paraffin wax (PW) in hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binders is a major obstacle to its application in polymer-bonded explosives (PBX). In order to solve this issue, we designed a microencapsulated PW (MePW)/PW/HTPB composite in this paper. Melamine-formaldehyde-shelled MePW (MF MePW)/PW/HTPB composites with different contents of MePW and PW were prepared by cast molding method. The chemical composition, crystallinity and microstructure of MePW/PW/HTPB composites were analyzed with Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results showed that PW and MF MePW have been uniformly dispersed in HTPB without any chemical interaction. Moreover, differential scanning calorimeter analysis, thermal gravimetric analyzer, thermal cycling test, leaking test, tensile and compressive test were used to investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of these composites. The composites have high latent heat and good thermal reliability. The thermal stability, tensile and compressive strength of MePW/PW/HTPB composites were dramatically increased with the increasing mass fraction of MePW. The introduction of MePW can obviously prevent the leakage of PW in both HTPB binders and PBX. Consequently, it is anticipated that MePW can be used in the next-generation of paraffin-based high-temperature PBX systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modulation of aggregation behaviour of ionic liquids (ILs) in aqueous media is one of the important research topics. In the present work, aggregation behaviour of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C12mim]Br) modulated by beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been investigated by using conductivity, volume, fluorescence, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The results suggested that the addition of β-CD significantly affects the aggregation of [C12mim]Br in aqueous solutions. For example, the apparent critical micelle concentration increases with the increase of β-CD concentration; the average micellar size reduced with the increasing concentration of β-CD, and the process for micelle formation of [C12mim]Br in aqueous β-CD solution is driven by entropy at lower temperature, while driven by enthalpy at higher temperature. It is expected that findings in this study would shed light on the potential applications of IL in supramolecular chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C26H36N4O14Co, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.1895(7) Å, b = 8.7773(9) Å, c = 10.9067(11) Å, α = 98.180(2)°, β = 104.0480(10)°, γ = 90.180(2)°, V = 660.37(11) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0287, wRref(F2) = 0.0751, T = 296.15 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) and four and a half LIM domain 2 (FHL2) have been reported to serve as independent biomarkers for cervical cancer. The present study evaluated the effects of HBXIP on cervical cancer in terms of its cellular malignant characteristics. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression levels of HBXIP and FHL2 in the human endocervical epithelial End1/E6E7 cell line and the cervical cancer HeLa, CaSki, C33A and SiHa cell lines. After knocking down HBXIP expression by transfection of small interfering RNAs targeting HBXIP, cell cycle progression was assessed using flow cytometry with PI staining. Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to assess cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to evaluate the potential binding relationship between HBXIP and FHL2. Western blotting was used for the analysis of HBXIP and FHL2, cell cycle-associated proteins, including cyclin D1 and cyclin D2, metastasis-associated proteins, including MMP2 and MMP9, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling-associated proteins, including β-catenin and c-Myc. Both HBXIP and FHL2 were found to be highly expressed in cervical cancer cells compared with that in the human endocervical epithelial cell line. HBXIP knockdown suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of HeLa cells, but promoted cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. HBXIP was demonstrated to interact with FHL2, and HBXIP knockdown also inhibited FHL2 mRNA and protein expression. By contrast, FHL2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of HBXIP knockdown on the malignant characteristics of cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, HBXIP knockdown blocked the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HeLa cells, which was also partially reversed by FHL2 overexpression; the decreased β-catenin and c-Myc expression caused by HBXIP knockdown was increased again after FHL2 was overexpressed. In conclusion, these results suggest that HBXIP knockdown suppressed the malignant characteristics of cervical cancer cells through the downregulation of FHL2 expression, indicating a promising insight into the therapeutic target of cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To illuminate the influence mechanism of anionic structure of ionic liquids (ILs) on the adsorption performance of surface molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), in this work, six newly designed MIPs were prepared on the surface of amino-poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) particles by using imidazolium ILs with the same cation [C 4 mim] + but different anions (Cl, CH 3 SO 3 , PF 6 , BF 4 , C 4 F 7 O 2 , C 4 F 9 SO 3 ) as template molecules, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, and ethylene dimethacrylate as cross-linker. The resulting MIP materials were characterized by IR and SEM, and the influence of hydrogen bond accepting ability of anions on the adsorption performance of the MIPs for the ILs was investigated in acetonitrile. It was found that adsorption capacity of the MIPs towards the ILs decreased in the order MIP [C4mim][Cl]  > MIP [C4mim][C4F7O2]  ≥ MIP [C4mim][BF4] and MIP [C4mim][CH3SO3]  > MIP [C4mim][C4F9SO3]  > MIP [C4mim][PF6] , which is in good agreement with the ability of anions of the ILs to form hydrogen bonds. Ultraviolet, 1 H-NMR and 35 Cl-NMR spectroscopy was then used to study the interactions of anions of the ILs with the functional monomer. It was found that the hydrogen bond interaction between anions of the ILs and acidic proton of the functional monomer was the main driving force for the high adsorption selectivity of the imprinted polymers, and the stronger hydrogen bond interaction indicates higher binding capacity and higher selectivity of the polymers towards the ILs. It was also verified that the ILs with stronger hydrogen bond accepting ability of anions could be selectively extracted by the corresponding IL-MIPs. These results may provide new insight into the recognition mechanism of MIPs for ILs, and are also useful for the rational design of this new class of imprinting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile method was developed for encapsulating paraffin wax with St-DVB-SiO 2 organic−inorganic hybrid shells through the combination of suspension emulsion polymerization and hydrolysis and condensation reaction. In this work, the influence of TEOS/MPS mass ratios on the morphology, particle size distribution (PSD), content of core materials, latent heat storage capacity, thermal conductivity and stability of these microcapsules has been studied. SEM and PSD analysis showed that the fabricated microcapsules had a bowl-like shape with concaves on the shell. Moreover, SEM and TGA results jointly illustrated that the higher amount of MPS incorporated into the experimental process, the more SiO 2 particles bonded on the shell of microcapsules. DSC measurements revealed that the microcapsules had a melting temperature range of 44.36–55.03 °C and latent heat storage capacities of 38.90–95.67 J/g. It was suggested that microencapsulated paraffin wax with St-DVB-SiO 2 hybrid shells has been synthesized successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Icariin has a significant anti-osteoporotic activity, but its clinical application is limited due to a poor oral bioavailability especially under pathological conditions like osteoporosis. Based on the intestinal absorption and metabolism characteristics of icariin in the osteoporosis rats, a kind of simple enteric capsules containing icariin and snailase was designed to overcome this issue in this study. Snailase was secleted as the most efficient exogenous hydrolase of icariin and the related hydrolysis reaction parameters were optimized in the artificial intestinal liquid. Moreover, the hydrolysates of icariin were proved more effective in promoting the rat calvarial osteoblast proliferation than icariin by the MTT assay. Therefore, snailase and icariin were packed into the enteric-coated capsules at an appropriate mass ratio of 1:1 to prepare the icariin loaded enteric-coated capsules (IECs), and then the in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of IECs was evaluated. Icariin was almost completely hydrolyzed within 4 h and approximately 89% of the total flavonoid had been released from IECs at 0.75 h in the release medium, which met the requirement of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia on enteric preparations and the Weibull function model. The pharmacokinetic data showed IECs could significantly improved the integrated oral bioavailability of icariin by 50% compared to the IP (icariin without the snailase) in the ovariectomized rats, but no obvious difference was observed in the sham rats. The aforementioned results suggested that such a strategy of icariin combined with the snailase held a great potential in promoting the intestinal hydrolysis and absorption of icariin in the osteoporosis status, providing new research ideas for the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine with similar properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim:Several recent studies showed that the genetic polymorphisms in the PNPLA3 region (rs738408, rs738409, rs2294918, rs2294919 and rs2281135) were with related to various kinds of liver diseases. We analyzed the five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for major HBV outcomes in Han Chinese. Methods:A total of 2410 samples were involved and peripheral blood samples were collected in this study. The SNPs in the PNPLA3 region were genotyped by using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Results:Our study indicated the clear relationship between the PNPLA3 rs2294918, rs2294919 and HBV-related HCC after control for the effects of sex, drinking and smoking. Health subjects with the PNPLA3 rs2294919 TC genotype would have a 0.605 (95%CI: 0.413, 0.886;p = .010) times lower odds of having HCC, and those with the rs2294918 AG genotype would have a 1.872 (95%CI: 1.256, 2.792;p = .002) times higher odds of having HCC, whereas the values of sex, age, drinking and smoking were fixed. In addition, CA haplotype of the haplotype block of rs738409 and rs2281135 was also associated with HBV-related HCC. Conclusions:Our study suggested that PNPLA3 loci (rs2294918, rs2294919) were associated with HBV-related HCC in Han Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jinzhen Oral Liquid (JZOL) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine and widely used clinically, which consists of eight herbs including Bovis Calculus Atifactus , Fritillariae Ussuriensis Bulbus (Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim.), Caprae Hircus Cornu , Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Rheum palmatum L.), Scutellariae Radix (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC.), Chloriti Lapis, and Gypsum Fibrosum (Their ratio is 9.45 : 47.25: 94.5 : 31.5: 15.75 : 31.5: 15.75 : 23.62). A large number of clinical studies have proved that JZOL has a good antiviral effect and can treat lung injury, pneumonia, and bronchitis caused by a variety of viral infections. Influenza infection frequently exhibit dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolomes, but the mechanism of JZOL is still unclear and needs to be further explored. Here, after influenza virus infection induced lung injury, the regulation roles of JZOL in metabolic and gut microbiota balances are investigated to comprehensively elucidate its therapeutic mechanism. A mouse model of lung injury was replicated via intranasal instillation of influenza A (H1N1). The efficacy of JZOL was evaluated by pathological sections, lung index, the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ, and viral load in lung tissue. Its modulation of endogenous metabolites and gut microbiota was assessed using plasma metabolomic technique and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technique. JZOL not only significantly relieved lung inflammation and edema in influenza mice, but also alleviated the disturbance of endogenous metabolites and the imbalance of gut microbiota mainly by regulating glycerophospholipid and fatty acid metabolism and Lactobacillus. The anti-influenza effects of JZOL were gut microbiota dependent, as demonstrated by antibiotic treatment. The altered metabolites were significantly correlated with Lactobacillus and pharmacodynamic indicators, further confirming the reliability of these results. JZOL attenuates H1N1 influenza infection induced lung injury by regulating lipid metabolism via the modulation of Lactobacillus. The results support the clinical application of JZOL, and are useful to further understand the mechanism of TCM in the treatment of influenza. [Display omitted] • The combination of metabolomics and gut microbiome were applied. • JZOL plays a protective role in the mouse model of influenza-induced lung injury. • Lipid metabolism is related to lung injury protection mechanism of JZOL. • Lactobacillus is of great significance in the lung injury protection mechanism of JZOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The contribution to puncture properties was salt contents > HIU time > HIU power. • HIU and low salt synergistically enhanced puncture properties of surimi gels. • HIU promoted the protein interactions in salt-reduced surimi gels. Recently, the demand for salt-reduced products is rising. The objective of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) power (120–240 W), time (0–30 min), and salt (0–3.0 %) on the gelling properties of surimi gels through quadratic rotation orthogonal design. Results showed that the contribution to puncture properties was: salt > HIU time > HIU power. Moreover, low salt and HIU had a synergistic effect on the puncture properties of surimi gels by the formation of more non-disulfide covalent bonds. Furthermore, HIU induced formation of denser microstructures which decreased the mobility of free water of salt-reduced surimi gels. As a result, the water holding capacity significantly increased (P < 0.05). Likewise, the cooking loss of salt-reduced surimi gels (1 %) subjected to HIU decreased by 44.85 %, as compared to the control. In conclusion, HIU might be useful for the production of salt-reduced surimi gels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Stable liposomes were prepared by replacing 50% of phospholipids with glycolipids. • The increased stability of liposomes was associated with the hydrogen bonds. • Liposomes formed from glycolipids could resist digestion. Glycolipids may be potential materials to improve the instability of liposomes during storage and consumption. Curcumin-loaded liposomes with high stability were successfully prepared by glycolipids and phospholipids extracted from tilapia. The physicochemical properties analysed showed that glycolipids enhanced the surface charge of liposomes and the encapsulation ability of curcumin. The enhanced affinity of liposomes for curcumin was attributed to the stronger interaction between the head group of glycolipids and curcumin through hydrogen bonding. As predicted, glycolipids improved the storage stability of liposomes, and the thermal stability of curcumin increased from 35.95% to 54.13%. Moreover, glycolipids could resist the degradation of liposomes in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the encapsulation efficiency changes of curcumin from 60.67% to 43.63%. Simultaneously, the liposomes formed by glycolipids could more effectively protect nerve cells from oxidative damage. Therefore, the substitution of phospholipids with glycolipids is an effective strategy to improve the stability and bioactivity of liposomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two tetra-nuclear lanthanide compounds were successfully prepared. • Antiferromagnetic interactions between adjacent Gd3+ ions were observed in 1. • 1 and 2 exhibit magnetic refrigeration and slow magnetic relaxation behaviors, respectively. Two novel tetranuclear lanthanide compounds with the formula [Ln 4 (L1) 2 (L2) 2 (μ 2 - OCH 3) 2 (CH 3 OH) 2 ]·CH 3 OH (Ln = Gd (1), Dy (2), H 2 L1 = 2-[(2-(hydroxyimino)propanehydrazide)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline, H 3 L2 = 2-[(2-(N'-acetylhydrazino)propanehydrazide)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline) were successfully prepared, and structurally and magnetically characterized. Crystal structural analyses reveal that two compounds are isostructural and they all consist of a tetranuclear Ln 4 cluster. All Ln(III) ions in them are eight-coordinated and located in a distorted triangular dodecahedron geometry. Magnetic studies indicate that 1 exhibits large magnetocaloric effect with the entropy change (-Δ S m) of 32.10 J Kg−1 K−1 (at T = 2.0 K and Δ H = 7 T), and 2 displays slow magnetic relaxation behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A domino three-component strategy with high efficiency for the synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridines] from easily available isatins, pyrazol-5-amines and β-ketonitriles under microwave heating. During reaction process, HOAc plays dual roles as reaction media as well as a Brønsted acid-promoter. Flexible structural modification, broad functional group compatibility and mild reaction conditions make this strategy a useful and attractive process of library generation for drug discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer cells have epigenetic alterations that are known to drive cancer progression. The reversibility of the epigenetic posttranslational modifications on chromatin and DNA renders targeting these modifications an attractive means for cancer therapy. Cellular epigenetic status interacts with cell metabolism, and we are now beginning to understand the nature of how this interaction occurs and the biological contexts that mediate its function. Given the tremendous interest in understanding and targeting metabolic reprogramming in cancer, this nexus also provides opportunities for exploring the liabilities of cancers. This review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of the interaction of cancer metabolism and epigenetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is the major cause of the development of both type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Regulated upon activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), a proinflammatory chemokine, is associated with atherosclerosis. We investigated the effect of atorvastatin on circulating RANTES in IGT patients with hypercholesterolemia. Methods: This study evaluated cross-sectional and interventional studies of 32 IGT patients with hypercholesterolemia (group A) and 32 controls (group B). Group A was treated with atorvastatin (20 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Platelet-free plasma (PFP) RANTES and clinical characteristics were examined. Results: PFP RANTES was significantly higher in group A compared with group B (9.76 ± 3.10 vs 6.43 ± 2.16 ng/ml, P < 0.001). PFP RANTES was positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) ( r = 0.589, P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ( r = 0.583, P < 0.001), triglycerides (TG) ( r = 0.450, P < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) ( r = 0.469, P < 0.001), 2-hour postchallenge glucose (2hPG) ( r = 0.397, P = 0.001), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ( r = 0.353, P = 0.004), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ( r = 0.616, P < 0.001), and negatively related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ( r = −0.272, P = 0.029). After controlling for confounders, LDL-C ( β = 2.109, P < 0.001) and hsCRP ( β = 0.272, P = 0.029) were independently related to RANTES. After atorvastatin treatment, PFP RANTES significantly decreased in group A compared with baseline (from 9.76 ± 3.10 to 7.48 ± 2.78 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Atorvastatin decreased circulating RANTES in IGT patients with hypercholesterolemia, indicating that statins may play an important role in inhibiting inflammatory responses in patients with IGT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) agonists can regulate metabolism and protect the cardiovascular system. This study investigated the effects of PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate on insulin resistance in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Methods: This research evaluated cross-sectional and interventional studies. 191 subjects with IGT were divided into a hypertriglyceridemia group (HTG group, n = 118) and a normal triglyceride (TG) group (NTG group, n = 73). 79 subjects with normal glucose tolerance were recruited as a control group. The HTG group was treated with fenofibrate (200 mg/day) for 12 weeks. The homeostatic model assessment index 2 (HOMA2) and the McAuley index (McA) were calculated. Results: HOMA2 for β-cell function (HOMA2-%B) was 93.47 ± 26.28, 68.47 ± 21.29, and 79.92 ± 23.15 in HTG, NTG, and control groups, respectively. HOMA2 for insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) was 48.40 (39.70, 68.70), 110.20 (62.55, 141.95), and 101.20 (79.90, 140.10) in HTG, NTG, and control groups, respectively. HOMA2 for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) was 2.09 (1.46, 2.52), 0.92 (0.70, 1.61), and 0.99 (0.71, 1.25) in HTG, NTG, and control groups, respectively. McA was 5.05 ± 0.76, 7.99 ± 1.79, and 8.34 ± 1.55 in HTG, NTG, and control groups, respectively. The HTG group had higher HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-IR, and lower HOMA2-%S and McA than NTG and control groups ( P < 0.001 for all). Fenofibrate decreased HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-IR and increased HOMA2-%S and McA in the HTG group (HOMA2-%B: from 93.47 ± 26.28 to 89.34 ± 23.53, P = 0.018; HOMA2-%S: from 48.40 (39.70, 68.70) to 56.75 (44.88, 72.53), P < 0.001; HOMA2-IR: from 2.07 (1.46, 2.52) to 1.76 (1.38, 2.30), P < 0.001; McA: from 5.05 ± 0.76 to 9.34 ± 0.88, P < 0.001). Conclusion: PPAR-α agonists improve parameters of glucoregulation in IGT patients with hypertriglyceridemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immobilization of enzymes onto solid carrier is an important way to improve the stability and reusability of enzymes. However, the enzymatic activity and catalytic efficiency are severely hampered due to enzyme leaching and increased substrate mass transfer resistance. Herein, for the first time, we reported a novel strategy of co-regionalization for enzyme immobilization using hierarchically porous magnetic metal-organic frameworks (HP-Zr-MOF@Fe 3 O 4). The HP-Zr-MOF@Fe 3 O 4 integrate magnetic characteristics and hierarchical porous structure for supporting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) via metal-ion affinity interaction, in which the mesoporous pores are suitable for entrapping enzyme while the microporous can be used to concentrate substrate to reduce the mass transfer resistance. Significantly, the prepared HRP@HP-Zr-MOF@Fe 3 O 4 can efficiently suppress enzyme leaching from the HP-Zr-MOF@Fe 3 O 4 skeleton and remain superior recovered activity (96.8 %) of the initial activity of free HRP, which exhibited excellent stability and reusability. Interestingly, the HRP@HP-Zr-MOF@Fe 3 O 4 was used efficiently in the colorimetric detection and catalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in simulated wastewater. The excellent property of HRP@HP-Zr-MOF@Fe 3 O 4 was investigated through the analyses of kinetics and thermodynamics, demonstrating that the HRP@HP-Zr-MOF@Fe 3 O 4 had significant specificity and binding affinity for the substrate compared with free HRP. • HP-Zr-MOF@Fe 3 O 4 integrate magnetic characteristics and hierarchical porous structure for supporting enzyme. • The specificity and binding affinity of the immobilized HRP to substrate were enhanced. • The HRP@HP-Zr-MOF@Fe 3 O 4 composite is very efficient under the harsh conditions. • This study provides a novel strategy of co-regionalization for biocatalytic enhancement of immobilized enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]