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9. The Regulatory Role of Myomaker in the Muscle Growth of the Chinese Perch (Siniperca chuatsi).

Author

Zeng, Wei, Meng, Yangyang, Nie, Lingtao, Cheng, Congyi, Gao, Zexia, Liu, Lusha, Zhu, Xin, and Chu, Wuying

Subjects
MUSCLE growth, FISH growth, SKELETAL muscle, MUSCULAR hypertrophy, MYOBLASTS
Abstract

Simple Summary: Myomaker has been reported to play an important role in regulating myoblast fusion. However, the role of Myomaker gene in skeletal muscle growth in economic fish during post-hatching stage is unclear. This study showed that the growth of Chinese perch was significantly decreased when Myomaker was inhibited by Myomaker-siRNA. Furthermore, both the diameter of muscle fibers and the number of nuclei in single muscle fibers were significantly reduced in the Myomaker-siRNA group, whereas, there was no significant difference in the number of proliferating cells between the control and Myomaker-siRNA groups. Together, these findings indicate that Myomaker may promote the hypertrophy of muscle fibers and growth of fast muscle in Chinese perch by promoting myoblast fusion. The fusion of myoblasts is a crucial stage in the growth and development of skeletal muscle. Myomaker is an important myoblast fusion factor that plays a crucial role in regulating myoblast fusion. However, the function of Myomaker in economic fish during posthatching has been poorly studied. In this study, we found that the expression of Myomaker in the fast muscle of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) was higher than that in other tissues. To determine the function of Myomaker in fast muscle, Myomaker-siRNA was used to knockdown Myomaker in Chinese perch and the effect on muscle growth was determined. The results showed that the growth of Chinese perch was significantly decreased in the Myomaker-siRNA group. Furthermore, both the diameter of muscle fibers and the number of nuclei in single muscle fibers were significantly reduced in the Myomaker-siRNA group, whereas there was no significant difference in the number of BrdU-positive cells (proliferating cells) between the control and the Myomaker-siRNA groups. Together, these findings indicate that Myomaker may regulate growth of fast muscle in Chinese perch juveniles by promoting myoblast fusion rather than proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Genome sequences reveal global dispersal routes and suggest convergent genetic adaptations in seahorse evolution

Author

Li, Chunyan, Olave, Melisa, Hou, Yali, Qin, Geng, Schneider, Ralf F., Gao, Zexia, Tu, Xiaolong, Wang, Xin, Qi, Furong, Nater, Alexander, Kautt, Andreas F., Wan, Shiming, Zhang, Yanhong, Liu, Yali, Zhang, Huixian, Zhang, Bo, Zhang, Hao, Qu, Meng, Liu, Shuaishuai, Chen, Zeyu, Zhong, Jia, Zhang, He, Meng, Lingfeng, Wang, Kai, Yin, Jianping, Huang, Liangmin, Venkatesh, Byrappa, Meyer, Axel, Lu, Xuemei, and Lin, Qiang

Published
2021
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13. Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Transcriptome Analysis in Slow- and Fast-Growing Megalobrama amblycephala.

Author

Zou, Xue, Liu, Qi, Guan, Qianqian, Zhao, Ming, Zhu, Xin, Pan, Yaxiong, Liu, Lusha, and Gao, Zexia

Subjects
TRANSCRIPTOMES, GENETIC regulation, MUSCLE growth, MUSCLE contraction, CELL fusion, PROTEIN synthesis
Abstract

Growth is an important trait in aquaculture that is influenced by various factors, among which genetic regulation plays a crucial role. Megalobrama amblycephala, one of the most important freshwater species in China, exhibits wide variations in body mass among individuals of the same age within the same pool. But the molecular mechanisms underlying wide variation in body mass remain unclear. Here, we performed muscle histological and transcriptome analysis of muscle tissues from Fast-Growing (FG) and Slow-Growing (SG) M. amblycephala at the age of 4 months old (4 mo) and 10 months old (10 mo) to elucidate its muscle development and growth mechanism. The muscle histological analysis showed smaller diameter and higher total number of muscle fibers in FG compared to SG at 4 mo, while larger diameter and total number of muscle fibers were detected in FG at 10 mo. The transcriptome analysis of muscle tissue detected 1171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FG and SG at 4 mo, and 718 DEGs between FG and SG at 10 mo. Furthermore, 44 DEGs were consistently up-regulated in FG at both 4 mo and 10 mo. Up-regulated DEGs in FG at 4 mo were mainly enriched in the pathways related to cell proliferation, while down-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in cell fusion and muscle contraction. Up-regulated DEGs in FG at 10 mo were mainly enriched in the pathways related to cell proliferation and protein synthesis. Therefore, these results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of M. amblycephala muscle growth at different stages, and will be of great guiding significance to promote the fast growth of M. amblycephala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. The seahorse genome and the evolution of its specialized morphology

Author

Lin, Qiang, Fan, Shaohua, Zhang, Yanhong, Xu, Meng, Zhang, Huixian, Yang, Yulan, Lee, Alison P., Woltering, Joost M., Ravi, Vydianathan, Gunter, Helen M., Luo, Wei, Gao, Zexia, Lim, Zhi Wei, Qin, Geng, Schneider, Ralf F., Wang, Xin, Xiong, Peiwen, Li, Gang, Wang, Kai, Min, Jiumeng, Zhang, Chi, Qiu, Ying, Bai, Jie, He, Weiming, Bian, Chao, Zhang, Xinhui, Shan, Dai, Qu, Hongyue, Sun, Ying, Gao, Qiang, Huang, Liangmin, Shi, Qiong, Meyer, Axel, and Venkatesh, Byrappa

Subjects
Gene expression -- Observations, Morphology (Animals) -- Observations, Sea horses -- Genetic aspects -- Natural history, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Seahorses have a specialized morphology that includes a toothless tubular mouth, a body covered with bony plates, a male brood pouch, and the absence of caudal and pelvic fins. Here we report the sequencing and de novo assembly of the genome of the tiger tail seahorse, Hippocampus comes. Comparative genomic analysis identifies higher protein and nucleotide evolutionary rates in H. comes compared with other teleost fish genomes. We identified an astacin metalloprotease gene family that has undergone expansion and is highly expressed in the male brood pouch. We also find that the H. comes genome lacks enamel matrix protein-coding proline/glutamine-rich secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein genes, which might have led to the loss of mineralized teeth. tbx4, a regulator of hindlimb development, is also not found in H. comes genome. Knockout of tbx4 in zebrafish showed a pelvic fin-loss phenotype similar to that of seahorses., Author(s): Qiang Lin [1]; Shaohua Fan [2]; Yanhong Zhang [1]; Meng Xu [3]; Huixian Zhang [1, 4]; Yulan Yang [3]; Alison P. Lee [4]; Joost M. Woltering [2]; Vydianathan Ravi [...]

Published
2016
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22. Seadragon genome analysis provides insights into its phenotype and sex determination locus

Author

Qu, Meng, primary, Liu, Yali, additional, Zhang, Yanhong, additional, Wan, Shiming, additional, Ravi, Vydianathan, additional, Qin, Geng, additional, Jiang, Han, additional, Wang, Xin, additional, Zhang, Huixian, additional, Zhang, Bo, additional, Gao, Zexia, additional, Huysseune, Ann, additional, Zhang, Zhixin, additional, Zhang, Hao, additional, Chen, Zelin, additional, Yu, Haiyan, additional, Wu, Yongli, additional, Tang, Lu, additional, Li, Chunyan, additional, Zhong, Jia, additional, Ma, Liming, additional, Wang, Fengling, additional, Zheng, Hongkun, additional, Yin, Jianping, additional, Witten, Paul Eckhard, additional, Meyer, Axel, additional, Venkatesh, Byrappa, additional, and Lin, Qiang, additional

Published
2021
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26. A Chromosome-Level Assembly of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Genome Reveals an Expansion of Olfactory Receptor Genes in Freshwater Fish

Author

Liu, Han, Chen, Chunhai, Lv, Maolin, Liu, Ning, Hu, Yafei, Zhang, Hailin, Enbody, Erik D., Gao, Zexia, Andersson, Leif, Wang, Weimin, Liu, Han, Chen, Chunhai, Lv, Maolin, Liu, Ning, Hu, Yafei, Zhang, Hailin, Enbody, Erik D., Gao, Zexia, Andersson, Leif, and Wang, Weimin

Abstract

The number of olfactory receptor genes (ORs), which are responsible for detecting diverse odor molecules varies extensively among mammals as a result of frequent gene gains and losses that contribute to olfactory specialization. However, how OR expansions/contractions in fish are influenced by habitat and feeding habit and which OR subfamilies are important in each ecological niche is unknown. Here, we report a major OR expansion in a freshwater herbivorous fish, Megalobrama amblycephala, using a highly contiguous, chromosome-level assembly. We evaluate the possible contribution of OR expansion to habitat and feeding specialization by comparing the OR repertoire in 28 phylogenetically and ecologically diverse teleosts. In total, we analyzed > 4,000 ORs including 3,253 intact, 122 truncated, and 913 pseudogenes. The number of intact ORs is highly variable ranging from 20 to 279. We estimate that the most recent common ancestor of Osteichthyes had 62 intact ORs, which declined in most lineages except the freshwater Otophysa clade that has a substantial expansion in subfamily beta and epsilon ORs. Across teleosts, we found a strong association between duplications of beta and epsilon ORs and freshwater habitat. Nearly, all ORs were expressed in the olfactory epithelium (OE) in three tested fish species. Specifically, all the expanded beta and epsilon ORs were highly expressed in OE of M. amblycephala. Together, we provide molecular and functional evidence for how OR repertoires in fish have undergone gain and loss with respect to ecological factors and highlight the role of beta and epsilon OR in freshwater adaptation.

Published
2021
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33. The draft genome of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) reveals the development of intermuscular bone and adaptation to herbivorous diet

Author

Liu, Han, primary, Chen, Chunhai, additional, Gao, Zexia, additional, Min, Jiumeng, additional, Gu, Yongming, additional, Jian, Jianbo, additional, Jiang, Xiewu, additional, Cai, Huimin, additional, Ebersberger, Ingo, additional, Xu, Meng, additional, Zhang, Xinhui, additional, Chen, Jianwei, additional, Luo, Wei, additional, Chen, Boxiang, additional, Chen, Junhui, additional, Liu, Hong, additional, Li, Jiang, additional, Lai, Ruifang, additional, Bai, Mingzhou, additional, Wei, Jin, additional, Yi, Shaokui, additional, Wang, Huanling, additional, Cao, Xiaojuan, additional, Zhou, Xiaoyun, additional, Zhao, Yuhua, additional, Wei, Kaijian, additional, Yang, Ruibin, additional, Liu, Bingnan, additional, Zhao, Shancen, additional, Fang, Xiaodong, additional, Schartl, Manfred, additional, Qian, Xueqiao, additional, and Wang, Weimin, additional

Published
2017
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34. Morphological studies of peripheral blood cells of the Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis

Author

Wang Weimin, Li Dapeng, Zou Guiwei, Yang Yi, James S. Diana, Khalid Abbas, and Gao ZeXia

Subjects
Physiology, Phagocytosis, Vesicle, General Medicine, Vacuole, Aquatic Science, Biology, Biochemistry, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Cell biology, Cytoplasm, Organelle, Ultrastructure, Platelet
Abstract

The peripheral blood cells of one-year-old Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) have been studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The erythrocyte count was 84.86 × 104 cell mm−3 in the peripheral blood of the fish and that of leukocytes was 2.24 × 104 cell mm−3. The erythrocytes and four main types of leucocyte—thrombocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes (including neutrophils and eosinophils), and monocytes, were identified in the peripheral blood. In addition to normal erythrocytes, reticulocytes and division of erythrocytes were observed. Thrombocytes were the most numerous among the leukocytes, and the number of neutrophils with lobated nuclei was larger than for other fish. The structures of the erythrocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes of the fish were studied. The erythrocytes were almost completely devoid of organelles, except for some mitochondria and granules. A large number of vacuoles and a few organelles were observed in cytoplasm of the monocytes. There were many microvilli on the membrane and pseudopodia-like cytoplasm bulge in the lymphocytes. The neutrophils were round or oval in shape with bilobed, trilobed, or multilobed nuclei whereas the eosinophils had big special granules, dark stained. There were many vesicles in some thrombocytes, which were related to its phagocytosis; some thrombocytes had almost no cytoplasm or organelles.

Published
2007

40. Ekološka akvakultura

Author

Piria, Marina and Gao, Zexia

Subjects
uzgoj, pravilnik
Abstract

Osvrt na novi Pravilnik o ekološkoj proizvodnji u akvakulturi

Published
2013

41. Ekološki uzgoj ciprinida

Author

Piria, Marina, Gao, Zexia, Treer, Tomislav, Wang, Weimin, Matulić, Daniel, Svečnjak, Lidija, Tomljanović, Tea, and Holik, Jugoslav

Subjects
ekološka proizvodnja, ciprinikultura, Pravilnik, Hrvatska
Abstract

Ekološka akvakultura razvila se iz ekološkog uzgoja poljoprivrednih proizvoda. . U Europi je početkom 90-tih godina na tržištu postojalo mnoštvo ekoloških poljoprivrednih proizvoda osim onih iz akvakulture. Stoga je udruženje ekoloških proizvođača u Austriji i Njemačkoj započelo s ekološkim uzgojem šarana. Kasnije je razvijena ekološka proizvodnja pastrva i ostalih akvatičnih organizama. Prvi pravilnik je napravljen tek 1998, a IFOAM (svjetska krovna organizacija organske proizvodnje) draft pravilnika napravljen je 2000 koji je prihvaćen tek 2005. g. U Hrvatskoj su zakonskom regulativom određene smjernice date 2002 g, a 2011 g. je izišao novi Pravilnik o ekološkoj proizvodnji u akvakulturi koji je u skladu s aktima Evropske unije. Stoga je cilj ovog rada prikazati promjene koje se odnose na ekološku proizvodnju ciprinidnih vrsta riba u Hrvatskoj. Ovim Pravilnikom određen je vremenski period prelaznog razdoblja kada se prelazi s konvencionalnog načina uzgoja na ekološki način (za ciprinide 12 mjeseci). Poželjno je da se mlađ nabavlja iz ekološkog uzgoja i mrjestilišta koja su evidentirana kao ekološka, ali je moguće mlađ nabavljati i iz prirode pod posebnim uvjetima. Radi obnavljanja genetskog materijala moguće je koristiti ribu i iz neekoloških uzgajališta. U tom slučaju životinje se drže zasebno najmanje 3 mjeseca prije korištenja za razmnožavanje. Ciprinidni ribnjaci trebaju imati zemljano tlo, a ukupna godišnja proizvodnja je 1500 kg/ha. Hranidba je ograničena uglavnom na prirodno dostupnu hranu, ali se može nadomještati i sa hranom iz ekološkog uzgoja. Bolesti se sprječavaju preventivnim mjerama.

Published
2012

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