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U-Pb inverse isochron diagrams and U-Pb ages of apatite from Cu polymetallic ores. [Display omitted] • The MIRGs of diabase gabbro in the Dongchuan ore district manifest characteristics typical of slightly alkaline sodic high-titanium basalts. They were emplaced during the Late Paleoproterozoic. • The large-scale magmatic activity during the Late Paleoproterozoic provided critical ore-forming materials for iron and copper mineralization in the Dongchuan copper mining area. • The former Dongchuan Group in the Luoxue-Yinmin tectonic belt in the Dongchuan ore district should be reorganized into the Mesoarchean Yuanjiang Group, the Neoarchean Puduhe Group, and the Paleoproterozoic Yimen Group. The mafic intrusive rock groups (MIRGs) of diabase gabbro are found extensively in Dongchuan City, Yunnan Province, which acts as the western margin of the Yangtze Block, SW China. There is still some doubt about the genetic relationship between the diagenesis of mafic intrusive rocks and Cu-(Pb-Zn) polymetallic mineralization. In this study, petrology, petrogeochemistry, isotope geochemistry, and geochronology were employed to address this issue. The results show that the MIRGs in the Dongchuan district exhibit zircon U-Pb ages of 1767.3 ± 8.5 Ma (MSWD = 0.87, n = 15), 1740 ± 22 Ma (MSWD = 0.82, n = 10), and 1719 ± 13 Ma (MSWD = 0.16, n = 21), indicating that they were emplaced during the late Paleoproterozoic. The MIRGs manifest high MgO contents (6.16 %–9.02 %, mean 6.97 %), high TiO 2 contents (2.04 %–3.26 %, mean 2.44 %), and alkali enrichment (2.64 %–4.82 %, mean 3.95 %), suggesting the geochemical characteristics of slightly alkaline sodic high-titanium basalts. The MIRGs are rich in elements with large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs, such as K and Rb) and are not significantly depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs, such as Ta, Nb, Zr, and Hf). Furthermore, the MIRGs show similar distribution patterns of trace and rare earth elements (REEs) to typical ocean island basalts (OIBs), suggesting that they were formed in an extensional tectonic setting. In-situ Lu-Hf isotopes of zircon indicate that the primitive magmas of the MIRGs resulted from the high-degree partial melting (about 20 %–25 %) of the primitive mantle. The sources of the MIRGs are considered the middle Paleoproterozoic depleted mantle or newly young crust accreted from the depleted mantle. Furthermore, the ages of the MIRGs agree well with those of significant non-orogenic magmatic activity on the western margin of the Yangtze Block and the breakup of the global Columbia supercontinent during the late Paleoproterozoic. Interestingly, the emplacement ages of the MIRGs coincide with the metallogenic ages (from 1760.2 ± 51.6 Ma to 1806.8 ± 63.9 Ma) of Cu polymetallic deposits in the area, implying that the large-scale magmatic activity during the late Paleoproterozoic might have provided critical ore-forming materials for Cu polymetallic mineralization. Furthermore, this study suggests a reclassification of local strata. In other words, the former Dongchuan Group in the Luoxue-Yinmin tectonic belt in the Dongchuan ore district should be reorganized into the Mesoarchean Yuanjiang Group, the Neoarchean Puduhe Group, and the Paleoproterozoic Yimen Group. Its strata may constitute the paleo-basement that predated the extension of the Kunyang intracontinental rift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the influence of active cooling and natural cooling on the electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules in a cold highland area in winter, and the thermal performance of two photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) systems for space heating. A comparative system with exactly the same size of a PV system, liquid-cooled PV/T system, and heat pipe PV/T system was designed and constructed in Ganzi city, China. The energy performance of these systems was tested under real weather conditions for several days. The experimental results show that the PV module can achieve the cooling effect by natural cooling, with a daily average temperature between 30 °C and 40 °C, and an electrical efficiency 3.71% higher than that of active cooling. However, the temperature of naturally cooled PV modules fluctuates drastically with time, and the temperature changes above 10 °C in a short time. The solar energy conversion efficiency of PV/T systems is more than 2.67 times that of a PV system. The heating power of the liquid-cooled PV/T system and heat pipe PV/T system can reach 847.4 and 948.5 W, and the primary-energy saving efficiency can reach 68.8% and 76.7%. A comparison of the intercept efficiency shows that the heat pipe PV/T system has the best energy performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient green/yellowish‐orange phosphors with low thermal quenching behavior are urgently required to improve the luminescence efficiency, color stability, and color rendering of phosphor‐converted white light emitting diodes (w‐LEDs). Herein, a novel green Cs2BaP2O7:0.01Eu2+ phosphor with high luminescence efficiency (82.7%) and thermal quenching behavior (92.5% at 423 K) is reported. Besides, a further luminescence improvement in the quantum yield (98.9%) and thermal quenching resistance (120% at 448 K) is successfully achieved in green/yellowish‐orange color‐tunable Cs2MP2O7:0.01Eu2+ (M = Ba, Sr, and Ca) phosphors. Surprisingly, these green/yellowish‐orange Cs2MP2O7:0.01Eu2+ (M = Ba, Sr, and Ca) phosphors even have a prior advantage over the commercial green β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ and yellow YAG:Ce3+ phosphors. The corresponding spectral adjustment and thermal stability mechanisms are revealed, related to the optimization of local lattice symmetry. The prototype w‐LEDs exhibit warm white light with CIE color coordinate at (0.337, 0.322). The color rendering index, corrected color temperature, and luminescence efficiency can reach 92.6, 4044 K, and 152.56 lm W−1, respectively. In general, the as‐reported green/yellowish‐orange Eu2+‐doped pyrophosphate phosphors are promising candidates in the future high‐quality w‐LEDs applications. The proposal of local lattice symmetry modulation can provide a new approach to exploit novel phosphors with excellent thermal quenching resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dorsal flap based on proper digital artery perforator has been commonly used in wound coverage of fingertip; yet a small diameter and short length poses a risk of pedicle kinking or occlusion. The present study aims to present our preliminary results of using a double-pivot perforator flap based on the end dorsal branch of proper digital artery to repair finger pulp defect. Methods: We designed a double-pivot flap based on the end-dorsal perforator branch of proper digital artery, raised from the dorsal aspect of the middle phalanx, with inclusion of both the perforator and a section of the trunk of the artery. This modified procedure forms a pedicle with a larger diameter and length than traditional designs. Twelve patients (12 fingers) each with a soft-tissue defect of the fingertip were successfully treated and followed up in this retrospective study. Results: All the flaps survived without showing any signs of necrosis; three cases presented with transient venous flow disorder, these self-resolving without requiring any additional treatment. At final follow-up (12–33 months, mean 20 months), mean static two-point discrimination on the flap was 7.0 mm (range, 6–9). Conclusion: The double-pivot proper digital artery flap serves as a reliable option in fingertip reconstruction offering added benefits of having greater rotation flexibility, a lower risk of vessel kinking or occlusion, and good recovery of cutaneous sensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southeastern (SE) Tibet is one of the most seismically active regions in mainland China, but the spatial distribution of interseismic coupling that quantifies seismic hazard is unknown along most major faults. In this study, we constructed an elastic block model to invert Global Positioning System data for slip rates and locking coefficients along 20 major faults in SE Tibet. Our results identify 27 strongly coupled fault segments with locking coefficients >0.5, defined as potential seismogenic asperities, extending laterally for 36–330 km. Quantitative calculations of seismic moment budgets on these seismogenic asperities indicate that they are capable of generating Mw 6.4–7.7 earthquakes in the next few decades, of which the Anninghe, Daliangshan and Red River faults have the potential for Mw ≥ 7.5 earthquakes. The interseismic coupling model provides a component for probabilistic analysis of future seismic hazards in densely populated Southwest China. Plain Language Summary: In the period between earthquakes, crustal faults are either partially to fully stuck or slipping freely. In the former case, plate movement can cause a buildup of energy on the fault plane and eventually be released through earthquakes. Using Global Positioning System (GPS) to measure the movement of the Earth's surface, we can use models of crustal deformation to identify where and how quickly faults are accumulating energy and then make reasonable predictions about the locations and magnitudes of future earthquakes. Based on the above principles, in this study, we use GPS measurements to suggest the locations and magnitudes of potential earthquakes on 20 major faults in southeast Tibet, which includes most of the Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in southwestern China. We find that 27 fault segments with lengths of 36–330 km are stuck to some degree and accumulating energy. Currently, the accumulated energy can produce earthquakes of Mw 6.4–7.7, highlighting the severity of earthquake hazards in Southwest China. Key Points: We obtained a unified interseismic coupling model for 20 major fault systems in southeastern TibetWe identify 27 seismogenic asperities with locking coefficients >0.5 that could host Mw 6.4–7.7 earthquakesThe interseismic coupling model provides a component for probabilistic analysis of future seismic hazards in Southwest China [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peak ground displacement (PGD) and peak ground velocity (PGV) are critical parameters during earthquake early warning, as they can provide rapid magnitude estimation before rupture end. In this study, we used the high-rate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data from 55 continuous stations to estimate the magnitude of the 2021 Maduo earthquake in western China. We used the relative positioning method and variometric approach to acquire real-time GNSS displacement and velocity waveforms, respectively. The results showed the amplitude of displacement and velocity waveforms gradually decreased with increasing hypocentral distance. Our results showed that the fluctuation of PGD magnitudes over time is smaller than that of PGV magnitudes. Nonetheless, the earthquake magnitudes estimated from both methods were consistent with their counterparts (Mw 7.3) reported by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The final magnitude estimated from the PGD and PGV methods were Mw 7.25 and Mw 7.31, respectively. In addition, our results highlighted how the number of high-rate GNSS stations could influence the stability and convergence time of magnitude estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of global warming, caused by the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, China has proposed a series of carbon emission reduction policies. It is necessary to obtain the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions accurately. Nighttime light data is recognized as an important basis for carbon emission estimation. A large number of research results show that there is a positive correlation between nighttime light intensity and carbon emission. However, in the current context of China's industrial reforms, this positive relationship may not be entirely correct. First, we correct the nighttime light data from different satellites and established a long-term series data set. Then, we verify the positive correlation between nighttime light and carbon emission. However, the time scale of emission data often lags, and the carbon concentration data are released earlier and are more accurate than emission data. Therefore, we propose to investigate the relationship between nighttime light and carbon concentration. It is found that there may be different correlations between nighttime light and the carbon concentration, due to different urban industrial structure and development planning. Therefore, by exploring the relationship between nighttime light and the carbon concentration, the existing carbon emission estimation model can be modified to improve the accuracy of the emission model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cell (PSC) plays a pivotal role as the top subcell in all‐perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs), facilitating the absorption of high‐energy photons and affording a large open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Nonetheless, the stability and efficiency of WBG PSCs are constrained by light‐induced halide segregation and non‐radiative recombination losses. In this study, this work presents an approach of utilizing 2‐methylpiperazinium bromide (2‐MePBr) via interfacial engineering to realize high‐efficiency WBG (1.77 eV) PSCs. The C─NH─C functional group in 2‐MePBr, serving as an electron donor, can interact with under‐coordinated lead defects at the perovskite surface. Consequently, the treatment with 2‐MePBr mitigates interfacial non‐radiative recombination, enhances charge transport, inhibits ion migration, and thus delivers an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.30% with a VOC of 1.29 V, and a fill factor of 83.08%. Notably, the WBG PSCs manifest enhanced stability, preserving 80% of the initial PCE after 337 h of continuous operation under 1 sun illumination at the maximum power point. Furthermore, the all‐perovskite TSCs based on this WBG subcell achieve a PCE of 27.47%, showing its promising application in perovskite‐based tandem solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterizing the coseismic slip behaviors of earthquakes could offer a better understanding of regional crustal deformation and future seismic potential assessments. On 18 December 2023, an Mw 6.0 earthquake occurred on the Lajishan–Jishishan fault system (LJFS) in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, causing serious damage and casualties. The seismogenic fault hosting this earthquake is not well constrained, as no surface rupture was identified in the field. To address this issue, in this study, we use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data to investigate the coseismic surface deformation of this earthquake and invert both ascending and descending line-of-sight observations to probe the seismogenic fault and its slip characteristics. The InSAR observations show up to ~6 cm surface uplift caused by the Jishishan earthquake, which is consistent with the thrust-dominated focal mechanism. A Bayesian-based dislocation modeling indicates that two fault models, with eastern and western dip orientations, could reasonably fit the InSAR observations. By calculating the coseismic Coulomb failure stress changes (∆CFS) induced by both fault models, we find that the east-dipping fault scenario could reasonably explain the aftershock distributions under the framework of stress triggering, while the west-dipping fault scenario produced a negative ∆CFS in the region of dense aftershocks. Integrating regional geological structures, we suggest that the seismogenic fault of the Jishishan earthquake, which strikes NNE with a dip of 56° to the east, may be either the Jishishan western margin fault or a secondary buried branch. The optimal finite-fault slip modeling shows that the coseismic slip was dominated by reverse slip and confined to a depth range between ~5 and 15 km. The released seismic moment is 1.61 × 1018 N·m, which is equivalent to an Mw 6.07 earthquake. While the Jishishan earthquake ruptured a fault segment of approximately 20 km, it only released a small part of the seismic moment that was accumulated along the 220 km long Lajishan–Jishishan fault system. The remaining segments of the Lajishan–Jishishan fault system still have the capability to generate moderate-to-large earthquakes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An improved Variational Mode Decomposition (IVMD) is proposed. The original fully adaptive decomposition method is improved to an adaptive decomposition method based on the specified center frequency. • A multi-time scale rolling dispatch model for integrated electricity-heating systems with hybrid energy storage devices (HESD) is established. The center frequencies are determined according to the long-term trend of wind power, the response speeds of ESD and EB. Wind power is decomposed in three layers by IVMD. It can effectively reduce the amount of wind curtailment and load shedding by the use of IVMD. The response speeds of electric boilers (EB) and energy storage devices (ESD) are different. The frequency bands of wind power that followed by EB and ESD are also different. In order to match EB and ESD with wind power in different time scales, an improved Variational Mode Decomposition (IVMD) is proposed. The original fully adaptive decomposition method is improved to an adaptive decomposition method based on the specified center frequency. Then, a multi-time scale rolling dispatch model for integrated electricity-heating systems is established. The center frequencies are determined according to the long-term trend of wind power, the response speeds of ESD and EB. Wind power is decomposed in three layers by IVMD. The first layer matches the long-term trend of wind power, which formulates the plan of units and EB. The second layer, which is adapted to the response speed of energy-type energy storage device (ETESD), determines the plan of ETESD, output adjustments of units and EB. The third layer, which is compatible with power-type energy storage device (PTESD), formulates the plan of PTESD. Finally, the analysis in case study verifies that it can effectively reduce the amount of wind curtailment and load shedding by the use of IVMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Double perovskite structured LMNO: Pr3+ thermometric phosphor with four FIR models were designed. • The high S a and S r could reach 0.0597 K−1 and 0.7250% K−1, respectively. • The sample possesses good repeatability and reversibility under temperature-cycling processes. Currently, non-contact fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR)-based luminescent thermometry has been extensively attracted great attention for its promising applications in electromagnetic field, micro-temperature field and thermally harsh environments. In this work, the double-perovskite LaMg 0.402 Nb 0.598 O 3 : Pr3+ (LMNO: Pr3+) thermometric phosphor is firstly designed and successfully synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method. Under 450 nm excitation, the as-prepared samples simultaneously exhibit blue emission (3P 0 → 3H 4), green emission (3P 1 → 3H 4) and red emission (1D 2 → 3H 4 , 3P 0 → 3F 2) of Pr3+. They present different dependence on the temperature due to the intervalence charge transfer state (IVCT). Accordingly, the four FIR models between 3P 1 → 3H 4 and 3P 0 → 3H 4 (G/B), 3P 1 → 3H 4 and 3P 0 → 3F 2 (G/R2), 1D 2 → 3H 4 and 3P 0 → 3H 4 (R1/B) and 1D 2 → 3H 4 and 3P 0 → 3F 2 (R1/R2) are used as temperature detecting signal in the range of 298–523 K, and the maximum absolute and relative sensitivity of LaMg 0.402 Nb 0.598 O 3 : 1.2% Pr3+ sample reached 0.0597 K−1 at 523 K and 0.7250% K−1 at 473 K, respectively. Excellent temperature sensing features are also demonstrated in the LaMg 0.402 Nb 0.598 O 3 : 0.3% Pr3+ and LaMg 0.402 Nb 0.598 O 3 : 2.0% Pr3+ samples. Except for high sensitivity for temperature sensing, the designed Pr3+-doped double-perovskite materials also realize the self-calibration by simultaneous monitoring of four models of FIR. Moreover, after five cycles, the relative luminescence intensity of LaMg 0.402 Nb 0.598 O 3 : 1.2% Pr3+ sample remains stable. These results indicate that LaMg 0.402 Nb 0.598 O 3 : Pr3+ phosphors have great promising application as self-calibrated optical temperature sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal quenching (TQ) of phosphor is one of the biggest challenges to develop high‐quality white light‐emitting diodes (w‐LEDs). Herein, an anti‐thermal‐quenching (anti‐TQ) property in cyan‐emitting Ba2ZnGe2O7:Bi3+ phosphor is reported. At 150 °C, its emission intensity increases to 114% of the original intensity at 25 °C. Especially, the integrated emission intensity reaches 138%, 148%, and 134% at 150, 200, and 250 °C, respectively, by artificially creating zinc and oxygen vacancy defect. The anti‐TQ phenomenon is mainly attributed to high structure rigidity and strong ability to compensate emission loss during thermal generation process. Thermal‐induced emission compensation mainly stems from self‐oxidization behavior of Bi2+ in zinc vacancy and the presence of oxygen vacancy defect. Oxygen vacancy is induced by native zinc vacancy and charge imbalance between Bi3+ and Ba2+ ions. The strategy to create oxygen vacancy defect and design self‐oxidization process of Bi opens a new insight to exploit anti‐TQ phosphors for high‐quality w‐LEDs applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel La2Mg1.14Zr0.86O6:Bi3+ double perovskite phosphor with excitation-induced blue/green photoluminescence tuning is reported. By designing Bi3+ → Eu3+ energy transfer, single-composition white light with wide-scale adjustable corrected color temperatures (CCTs) is successfully achieved. This work initiates a new insight to explore phosphors with excitation-induced photoluminescence tuning and wide CCT control for future intelligent LED lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, red phosphor plays a key role in improving the lighting quality and color rendering index of phosphor‐converted white light emitting diodes (w‐LEDs). However, the development of thermally stable and highly efficient red phosphor is still a pivotal challenge. Herein, a new strategy to design antithermal‐quenching red emission in Eu3+, Mn4+‐codoped phosphors is proposed. The photoluminescence intensity of Mg3Y2(1−y)Ge3O12:yEu3+, Mn4+ (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) phosphors continuously enhances with rising temperature from 298 to 523 K based on Eu3+ → Mn4+ energy transfer. For Mg3Eu2Ge3O12:Mn4+ sample, the integrated intensity at 523 K remarkably reaches 120% of that at 298 K. Interestingly, through codoping Eu3+ and Mn4+ in Mg3Y2Ge3O12, the photoluminescence color is controllably tuned from orangish‐red (610 nm) to deep‐red (660 nm) light by changing Eu3+ concentration. The fabricated w‐LEDs exhibit superior warm white light with low corrected color temperature (CCT = 4848 K) and high color rendering index (Ra = 96.2), indicating the promising red component for w‐LED applications. Based on the abnormal increase in antistokes peaks of Mn4+ with temperatures, Mg3Eu2Ge3O12:Mn4+ phosphor also presents a potential application in optical thermometry sensors. This work initiates a new insight to construct thermally stable and spectra‐tunable red phosphors for various optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-rare earth doped oxides with red emission are one of the current research hotspots for achieving the warm white light range in the phosphor converted white light emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) field. In the current work, a novel Mn4+-activated La2CaHfO6 red phosphor is reported for the first time and its crystal structure is analyzed by Rietveld refinement. The photoluminescent properties of La2CaHfO6:Mn4+ are investigated in detail with the help of diffuse refletance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and temperature-dependent PL spectroscopy. Based on the diffuse refletance spectra, the calculated optical band gap for La2CaHfO6 is 4.9 eV, indicating that La2CaHfO6 could be a suitable host for activators' doping. Under 380 nm near-ultraviolet (n-UV) light excitation, the as-prepared La2CaHfO6:Mn4+ displays intense red emission centered at 693 nm. Through an accurate calculation of Dq/B (2.47) and nephelauxetic effect β1 (0.949), the origination of strong crystal field (CF) and deep-red emission is demonstrated. By combining the representative La2CaHfO6:0.002Mn4+, blue BAM:Eu2+, and green (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+ phosphors with a 380 nm UV chip to fabricate the pc-WLEDs device, a white light is obtained with low correlated color temperature (CCT = 5165 K) and high color rendering index (Ra = 87.8), demonstrating that the as-prepared La2CaHfO6:Mn4+ phosphors can be used as red-emitting candidate in pc-WLEDs lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 5 September 2022 Mw 6.7 Luding earthquake occurred on the Moxi segment of the highly active Xianshuihe fault in eastern Tibet. Here, we constrain the coseismic slip by jointly inverting the coseismic displacements measured by Global Positioning System, seismometer and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar. Along the Moxi fault, concentrated left‐lateral strike slip extends ∼30 km along the strike above 10 km depth, producing 0.7–1.0 m shallow slip. Clustered aftershocks and slip inversions suggest that the secondary conjugate Mozigou fault may also involve the rupture. Southward rupture propagation is likely arrested by the barrier‐like fault segments of the Xianshuihe fault, characterized by high interseismic coupling (>0.6) and reduced shear stress rate (<1 kPa/yr) due to interactions with surrounding large locked asperities. The distribution of aftershocks is highly correlated with the positive coseismic Coulomb failure stress changes , which bring the adjacent asperities on the Anninghe and Daliangshan faults ∼0.2 MPa closer to failure. Plain Language Summary: The Mw 6.7 Luding earthquake occurred in eastern Tibet on 5 September 2022, causing 93 casualties and 25 people missing, and substantial damage in the epicentral regions. In this study, we derive the static coseismic displacements from Global Positioning System, seismometer and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations. We jointly invert these datasets for the coseismic slip distribution. Our results reveal that the coseismic slip is likely distributed on the conjugate Moxi and Mozigou faults, with the primary slip concentrated on the Moxi fault. We compare the coseismic slip with both the interseismic coupling distribution and shear stress rate on the Moxi fault. We find that the southward coseismic rupture termination is spatially coincident with the areas undergoing a low pre‐earthquake shear stress rate and a high interseismic coupling. The comparison suggests that the coseismic slip during the Luding earthquake is likely controlled by pre‐earthquake interactions with surrounding locked zones on the Anninghe and Daliangshan faults (DLS). We calculate the coseismic Coulomb failure stress changes and demonstrate that the aftershocks could be explained by the induced positive stress perturbations. We conclude that the Luding mainshock enhances earthquake hazards on the Anninghe and DLS. Key Points: Global Positioning System, seismometer, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar measurements reveal concentrated coseismic slip extending 30 km on the Moxi fault at 0–10 km depthInteractions with large locked asperities lower the shear stress rate to the south of earthquake and lead to the arrest of coseismic ruptureThe Luding event brought the Anninghe and Daliangshan faults ∼0.2 MPa closer to failure, representing enhanced earthquake hazard [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrust and torque have been selected in this research for online detection and measurements of drill wear for the drilling of stainless steel parts because cutting forces are closely related to the drilling process and give the best indirect indication of drill conditions. Using thrust and torque information to monitor the drill conditions for control of the drilling process can decrease the operation cost and enhance the product quality. To find the most important feature(s), the feature selection technique is used in this research. Sequential forward search algorithm is used for feature selection. To reduce the dimension of the measurement vector, it is necessary to retain only those components of the extracted features which show a high sensitivity to drill wear and low sensitivity to process parameters. The best feature selected is the peak of torque in the drilling process. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is a neuro-fuzzy system. It includes input layer, output layer, and layers between them. ANFIS can construct fuzzy rules with membership functions to generate an input–output pair. A 1 × 6 ANFIS architecture with generalized bell membership function can achieve a success rate of 100 % for the online detection of drill states. A 1 × 6 ANFIS architecture with product of sigmoid membership functions can measure the drill wear online with an error as low as 0.15 %. Furthermore, the detection and measurement of drill wear is performed under different drilling conditions as compared with the training process. This shows that ANFIS has the capability of generalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An isochromene synthesis is developed utilizing a cascade reaction involving a CuI catalyzed coupling reaction between an alkyne and diazoacetate followed by allenoate isomerization and subsequent oxa‐Michael addition. The cascade sequence was also demonstrated for the synthesis of naphthalenes. Furthermore, the methodology developed herein was applied toward a stereoselective synthesis of pyranonaphthoquinone kalafungin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Xinbaishiyan tunnel in the reconstruction Chengdu–Kunming railway Ermeishan-Mipan section mainly runs through dolomite with dolomitic limestone, with an excavation area of 260 m2, a maximum span of 22.3 m, a maximum height of 14.4 m, a vector height of 7 m, and a rise-span ratio of 0.31. The tunnel has an extra-large cross section, and it is a low flat-ration railway tunnel. This paper mainly describes the finite element analysis for this tunnel excavation that was used to guide the construction. Finite element software was used to model the tunnel according to the engineering geological conditions of the tunnel. These engineering geological conditions included the rock mass, system bolts, middle pipe shed, steel arch and shotcrete, grouting layer, second lining and so on. Nonlinear construction phase analysis was adopted. The results showed that the maximum vertical deformation of the tunnel vault and the middle of the invert was about 34 mm. The vertical deformation of the tunnel could be divided into an acceleration deformation section, linear deformation section, deceleration deformation section, and stable deformation section. The maximum horizontal deformation in the middle of the side wall was about 12.3 mm. Under the effect of the initial support, the equivalent stress of the side wall gradually increased with the excavation of the steps and the increase in the support structure. The axial force of the bolt in the middle of the side wall was larger than that in other places and the axial force of the middle pipe shed went along with the excavation of the tunnel in waves. The steel arch and the shotcrete had the maximum effective stress at the arch shoulder, which played the role of the deformation and pressure for the surrounding rock. During the construction, the length and height of the three-step method had to be set reasonably. The middle pipe shed and the system bolt supported the rock mass together. In the construction of the extra-large cross section and the flat tunnel, there was no need to set up temporary support, which was convenient for mechanical excavation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To optimize luminescence properties of oxonitridosilicate phosphors are extremely necessary for improving lighting quality of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). Herein, we designed Ce3+, Eu2+ codoping and P5+↔Si4+ substitution in the presentative Ba 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 :Eu2+ green phosphor to realize an enhancement of luminescence efficiency and thermal stability. Rietveld refinement results of Ce3+, Eu2+, P5+-doped Ba 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 (BSON) confirmed the formation of pure trigonal phase (P -3) of Ba 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 and the successful doping of Ce3+, Eu2+, P5+ ions. Ce3+ and Eu2+ ions randomly occupy two Ba crystallographic sites. Interestingly, a near unity energy transfer (ET, ~100%) from Ce3+ ions to Eu2+ ions is observed. Meanwhile, the doping of P5+ ions into BSON also helps improving the luminescence efficiency and thermal stability, which should be attributed to the charge compensation and the relax of lattice strain. In addition, the white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) fabricated by employing P5+-doped BSON: Eu2+ present a better electroluminescence performance than BSON: Eu2+. This study could serve as a guide in developing optimized oxonitridosilicates phosphors with improved luminescence performances based on complete energy transfer and lattice variations in local coordination environments through cation substitutions, and the as-prepared Ce3+/P5+-codoped Ba 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 :Eu2+ could be an excellent green-emitting phosphor for UV-to-Visible LED chips pumped WLEDs. • A near unity energy transfer from Ce3+ to Eu2+ was realized in Ba 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 host. • Based on Ce3+.→Eu2+ ET, the luminescence intensity was enhanced to 2.5 times. • An emission tuning from blue (0.173, 0.148) to green (0.259, 0.571) was realized. • P5+ doping into BSON helps to improve luminous efficiency and thermal stability. • The WLEDs fabricated with BSON:Eu2+,P5+ present a better luminescence performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low dispersion of graphene is the main obstacle restricting the application of graphene in the natural rubber (NR) composites, especially in the green tire field. The present study addresses this important issue by developing a new hybrid filler, which is made from silicon dioxide nanoparticles (NSi) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO), denoted as GSi. Not only can the GSi filler be directly added to NR via mechanical mixing, but also excellent rGO dispersion is obtained, which greatly enhances the properties of the composites. The properties of GSi/NR composites are compared with those obtained by directly mixing equivalent concentrations of NSi and rGO (rGO/NSi/NR composites). The heat build-up and Akron abrasion loss of GSi/NR composites are only 18.4 °C and 0.149 cm3, 10.3% and 18.8% lower than the rGO/NSi/NR composites. Moreover, the tensile strength, elongation at break and heat resistance index of GSi/NR are up to 27.5 MPa, 507% and 182.2 °C, respectively. Besides, the abrasion loss and tensile strength can be further to 0.114 cm3 and 30.7 MPa by regulating the dosage of graphene oxide in the preparation of GSi. These results demonstrate that the GSi hybrid filler has high application value for the industrial-scale manufacture of green tires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new-emerging PRV variants plague the vaccinated pigs and caused huge economic loss to local pig industry in China since 2011. The current commercial PRV vaccines cannot provide complete protection as the new-emerging PRV variants are antigenically different from the classical viruses. It is urgent to develop more safe and effective PRV vaccines based on the current circulating field isolates. In this study, a gE gene-deleted PRV based on the PRV HN1201, a representative PRV variant, was generated and the efficacy was tested on 3-week-old pigs in the form of killed vaccine. After fatal PRV HN1201 challenge, all vaccinated pigs survived without showing any clinical symptoms, but all unvaccinated pigs exhibited pseudorabies-specific respiratory and neurological signs with 100% mortality rate within 6 days after infection. The vaccinated pigs developed high level of gB and neutralizing antibodies after vaccination which may correlate to the protection provided by vaccine. Therefore, this gE gene-deleted PRV could be a promising vaccine candidate for the control of currently epidemic pseudorabies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the forecast accuracy of wind power, an Improved Long Short Term Memory (ILSTM) network structure is proposed. Firstly, Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) method is adopted to decompose wind power signal to the long-term component, the fluctuation component and the random component, which are used as the input of forecast model. Then a parameter was defined and added to the memory cell to suppress the random component to long term memory of neural network. To provide a pass for the current random component, the output gate was modified accordingly. Compared with the traditional Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), the improved LSTM can reduce the impact of random component on the patterns in long term memory cells, while maintain the current random component in the short term memory of network. As a result, the learning for the real patterns of wind power is strengthened, avoiding over-fitting and achieve a better generalized forecast model. Finally, the performance of the forecast method proposed in this paper is tested by using the wind power data from the Belgian ELIA website. • Variational Mode Decomposition method is improved to decompose wind power signal. • In improved LSTM neural network, a parameter was added to the memory cells. • ILSTM can reduce the impact of random component on the long-term memory cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]