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Background: although advances in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction have led to a reduction in the risk of sudden death in the long term, it remains high in certain subgroups of patients. Objective: to identify the risk factors for sudden in-hospital cardiac death in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. Methods: an analytical study of cases and controls was carried out in the Cardiology service of the Celia Sánchez Manduley Provincial Clinical Surgical Hospital in Manzanillo, Granma province from 2016 to 2019. 41 defined cases were studied. For each one 2 living graduates were randomly chosen. Variables dependent on the patient, examinations and treatment performed were studied. The absolute and relative frequency calculation was performed. The arithmetic mean with standard deviation was determined and compared using the Student's t test. The Chi-square test was used for qualitative variables. Risk factors were determined using a logistic regression model. Results: male sex prevailed (56 %) and the mean age was 73.3 years. As risk factors, the following were determined: a history of heart failure, presenting the Killip Kimball classification III-IV, as well as fasting first glycemic levels greater than 10 mmol / L and creatine phosphokinase greater than 180 IU. Conclusions: the most prevalent risk factors were: arterial hypertension, smoking, as well as peripheral arterial insufficiency, the presence of diabetes and obesity.

Introducción: La mayor expectativa de vida en la población general ha aumentado la prevalencia de las enfermedades del sistema eléctrico de conducción cardíaca y, con ello, la indicación e implante de marcapasos. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo de infección tras la implantación de marcapasos permanente. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, de casos y controles, de los 192 pacientes, a los cuales se les implantó marcapasos permanente entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2019 en el Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Celia Sánchez Manduley de la provincia de Granma. El grupo de estudio estuvo integrado por los 38 que presentaron infección tras ese proceder y por cada paciente de este grupo se escogieron 2, que también recibieron este dispositivo y no tuvieron infección, que formaron parte de los controles. Se estudiaron variables dependientes del paciente, del dispositivo, del proceder y de los exámenes practicados. Se utilizaron el test de Fisher y la prueba de la X2 para variables cualitativas, según correspondiera y la prueba de la T de Student para las cuantitativas. Para determinar los factores de riesgo de infección se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: Prevaleció el sexo masculino (60,5 %) y la media de edad fue de 76,1 años. Como factores de riesgo predominaron el uso de antiagregantes y anticoagulantes, el antecedente de diabetes mellitus y las cifras de glucemia mayores de 8,0 mmol/L. Conclusiones: Existen factores de riesgo de infección modificables, por lo que constituye un gran reto médico actuar sobre estos para prevenir complicaciones letales para la vida.

Introduction: despite the fact that the mortality has decreased in almost all regions of the world, ischemic heart disease continues to be a health problem. Objective: to identify prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Method: an analytical study of cases and controls was carried out, out of 347 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation type I, from January 2018 to December 2019 at the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente “Celia Sánchez Manduley” in Manzanillo, Granma. The study group was made up of 46 deceased, and for each deceased patient in this group, 2 living discharged patients were randomly chosen, constituting the control group. The Chi-square test was used for qualitative variables and the Student's T-test for quantitative variables. To determine the prognostic factors of mortality, a logistic regression model was used. Results: a mean age of 73.7 years (SD ± 8.0) was determined. History of smoking, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension prevailed. The mortality risk factors were: history of heart failure (OR: 5.4 95% CI 1,226-23.97); heart failure higher than I according to Killip-Kimball (OR: 12.6 95% CI 3,245-49 , 30); blood glucose values higher than 10 mmol/L (OR: 4.7 95% CI 1.149-19.79) and creatine phosphokinase MB higher than 160 IU (OR: 17.7 95% CI 3.992-79.07). Conclusions: there are epidemiological, clinical and analytical variables capable of predicting mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.