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Purpose: Sinonasal malignancies are a rare group of head and neck cancers. We aimed to report the oncological outcomes based on histological types in patients who underwent radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: In this single-institution study, we retrospectively retrieved and analyzed data of patients with sinonasal carcinomas who underwent radiotherapy during 2011-2016 as part of their treatment. The 3-year rate of local, regional, and distant recurrences, and overall survival were evaluated according to the histological type. Results: A total of 28 patients were evaluated in this study, the majority of whom were male (60%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and adenocarcinoma (ADC) were found in 15 patients (53.5%), 8 (28.5%), and 5 (18%), respectively. The highest rates of local and regional recurrences were observed in ACC and SCC, respectively. Distant recurrences were numerically more common in ADC. The 3-year OS was 48%, 50%, and 73% in SCC, ADC, and ACC, respectively. Conclusion: Different histopathologies of sinonasal cancer seem to have different patterns of failure, and this may be considered in the treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs that are involved in tumor development and progression in multiple cancers with the action as oncomiRs or tumor suppressor miRs. Therefore, miRNAs have become potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The previous studies have revealed that miR7111-5p and miR6870-5p are abnormally expressed in various types of cancer but in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been elucidated. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the expression alternations of miR7111-5p and miR6870-5p as well as serum response factor (SRF) in OSCC tissues compared with adjacent normal oral epithelial tissues. METHODS SRF was identified as a potential target gene of miR7111-5p and miR6870-5p using the TargetScan, Mirwalk, and Mirdb miRNA-target prediction tools. SRF, miR7111-5p, and miR6870-5p expression levels were examined by RT-qPCR in OSCC compared with normal tissues. RESULTS Our results showed that miR7111-5p and miR6870-5p were significantly downregulated in 30 pairs of OSCC tissue samples (p<0.05) relative to adjacent normal oral tissues. In the present study, we found that the high expression level of SRF was negatively correlated with the down regulation of miR7111-5p and miR6870-5p and was statistically correlated with the tumor stage. CONCLUSION miR7111-5p, miR6870-5p, and SRF may be potential prognostic biomarkers for OSCC diagnosis and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study reports the changes in serum total antioxidant status and tissue levels of oxidatively modified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) lesion (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and methods: Oral squamous cell carcinoma patients (n = 40) comprising of 80% pathologically well-differentiated and moderately differentiated and 20% poorly differentiated tumors were taken. Besides, blood samples and gingival biopsies (n = 35) from normal individuals were processed accordingly and considered as control. Plasma antioxidant capacity was estimated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Tissue biopsies were processed for ribonucleic acid (RNA) expression of OGG1-specific messenger RNA (mRNA), and DNA samples were isolated for estimation of 8-OHdG levels using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results: Results showed that the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma in OSCC patients was significantly depleted (reduced to about 25%) compared with normal individuals. 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 expression at mRNA levels showed that there is a twofold increase in OGG1 expression in oral cancer tissues compared with normal samples. The 8-OHdG formation in DNA showed that in DNA isolated from tumors, 8-OHdG was also increased (four- to fivefold; p = 0.03) compared with normal samples. However, there was a significant decline in TAC of plasma in one-third of OSCC patients compared with normal individuals. Conclusion: Overall results suggest that 8-OHdG level and OGG1 expression in OSCC patients are highly associated (r = 0.8; p = 0.001). A decline in FRAP in patients may also suggest that antioxidant factors play a major role in attenuation of DNA damage-repair system leading to progression of OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the effect of adding neoadjuvant chemotherapy to surgery and radiation therapy for locally advanced resectable oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, 24 patients with T3 or T4a oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma were randomly assigned to surgery alone or Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-FU (TPF) induction chemotherapy followed by surgery. All patients were planned to receive chemoradiotherapy after surgery. The primary end-points were organ preservation and progression-free-survival. SPSS version 17 was used for data analysis. Median follow-up was 16 months. The median age of the patients was 62 years old (23-75 years). Man/woman ratio was 1.13. The primary site of the tumor was the tongue in most patients (48%). No significant difference was observed between pathologic characteristics of the two groups. Chemotherapy group showed 16% complete pathologic response to TPF. No significant difference in organ preservation surgery or overall survival was detected. However, the patients in the chemotherapy group had longer progression-free-survival (P=0.014). Surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy with or without TPF induction results in similar survival time. However, progression-free-survival improves with the TPF induction chemotherapy. Studies with more patents and new strategies are recommended to evaluate organ preservation improvement and long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the eighth most malignant tumor in the world, causing the highest incidence and malignancy rate of all cancers in the mouth and maxillofacial region. In cells, miRNAs regulate development, differentiation, proliferation, and differentiation, and miRNA expression is a better indicator of physiological status than DNA expression. miR-21, miR-132, miR-29a, miR-204, and miR-138 levels were measured in plasma from patients with primary OSCC and healthy controls. A Real Time-PCR technique was used to measure miR-21, miR-132, miR-29a, miR-29a, and miR-204 expression levels in plasma from 38 healthy and 38 people with primary OSCC. A standard distribution test and a CT unit were used to confirm the quantitative data on miRNA expression. Gene expression levels were compared between two groups of patients and healthy groups using a Mann-Whitney test and an unpaired t-test. MiR-21's median CT value was 29.68 in the OSCC group and 32.89 in the healthy group, and miR-29a's median CT value was 37.54 and 36.46 in the OSCC group and healthy group, respectively. Additionally, miR-132's CT values were 37.71 and 36.40, miR-138's CT value was 35.37 and 31.21, and miR-204's CT value was 36.44 and 36.17. The results showed that miR-21 expression levels increased significantly, while miR-29a, miR-132, and miR-138 (P < 0.05), and miR-204 expression levels did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). As a result of this study, the expression levels of microRNAs may be considered to diagnose OSCC at an early stage. It is essential to diagnose this disease early to improve treatment and patient health outcomes.