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This work was carried out with the objective of documenting the main biostimulants used in the world to mitigate the effects of water stress, as well as the physiological, morphological and biochemical effect that these substances cause in the crops that have been studied. A review of scientific articles published in national and international journals, as well as master's and doctoral theses from different universities and scientific centers was carried out. The application of biostimulants is one of the most promising agricultural practices to mitigate the effects of drought on plants. There are numerous microorganisms in the world, as well as synthetic or naturally occurring substances that have a positive effect on crop development, yields and drought tolerance. They can optimize biochemical, physiological and anatomical processes such as regulating stomatal conductance, increasing the concentration of proline and cellular osmolytes, increasing photosynthetic efficiency, inducing the production of LEA proteins and antioxidant enzymes, reducing cell membrane damage, maintaining leaf water content and increasing the soil exploration capacity of the root system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the research was to determine the morphophysiological and productive returns, with the use of FitoMas-E® biostimulants and Efficient Microorganisms (ME) and the combination of these in the cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Municipality of Fomento, Province of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. An experimental block design was available randomly and with three treatments and 4 replications, the doses used in the FitoMás-E was 1 L ha-1 and in the case of (ME) it was 1.5 Lha-1, in the case of the combination FitoMás -E + (ME) was applied according to the corresponding doses of each biostimulant used and the main morphophysiological and agroproductive parameters of the crop were determined. It was found that the combination of efficient microorganisms and FitoMas-E® resulted in the treatment with the highest values achieved in the morphophysiological parameters evaluated, with Net Assimilation Rate (TAN), Relative Growth Rate (TCR) and Absolute Growth Rate (TAC).) superior to the rest of the treatments, at the same time this treatment was the highest performance achieved, at 1.39; 1.8 and 2.8 t ha-1 to the ME, FitoMas-E® and control treatments, respectively. Keywords: EFFICIENT MICROORGANISMS; PERFORMANCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the objective of evaluating the effect of five dose nematode sentomopathogenic in the handling of the drill of the coffee (HypotenemushampeiFerrari) he was carried out the investigation under conditions controlled in the Provincial Laboratory of Vegetable Sanity of Sancti Spíritus. Two experiments were designed with five dose and seven repetitions, he was carried out the direct application on the adults of the insect in Petri dishand the second experimental variant consiste don the application to the contained floor in nylon bags with coffee beans Robust variety with presence of larvas and adults of the insect. The susceptibility of the adults was determined from the drill to the 24, 48 and 72 hours and effect of the doses on the percentage of mortality of the larvas and adults. As a result out standing the adult shad a susceptibility above 50% in 24 hours in the treatments where dose of 45, 75, 100 and 200 iji/adultos was used. The larvas of the drill were more susceptible to the action of the nematode with superior securities of mortality to 84% with all the treatments in single 72 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was done in Fomento municipality, Sancti Spíritus, in Cuba, from 2011 through 2013 in two ecosystems and in two sowing times (rainy and dry seasons). The objectives were to describe the life cycle of Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) and the damage caused to corn (Zea mays L.), to identify the main pest bio-regulators naturally occurring in two agro-ecosystems, and to determine the predator-prey relationship. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design. The data were collected through observation at weekly intervals. In order to estimate the number of pest insects and bio-regulators occurring on the plants, 25 plants per parcel were selected for a total of 100 plants per treatment (maize/squash, maize/beans, maize/ Sesame, maize/sunflower, and maize monoculture). Once the research was accomplished, it was concluded that P maidis had been present since the first week, and reached its population peak in week six. The lower indexes of affectation occurred in the pre-mountain agro-ecosystems, and with more frequency in the maize/sesame and maize/squash polyculture, which depended on the time of the year and the season. Fifteen species of P. maidis control insects of were identified, and Scymnus sp was found in all treatments. The life cycle of P maidis averaged 5.4 days more in the dry season than in rain season. The predator-prey relationship showed relatively superior indexes in the polyculture systems than in monocrops systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, the effectiveness of the inert white marble powder as mineral pesticide in the control of Sitophilus zeamais, in corn grains (Tusón variety) stored to be used as feedstuffs. In the experiments (anti-insect effect, weight loss of the grains and repellent effect of the marble powder) a completely randomized design was used, with four treatments, three doses of powder (0,46; 0,81 and 1,74 g) and a control (without powder), with 12 replicas each; and in the case of the data from the first two experiments variance analysis was applied. The three tested doses of the inert white marble powder exerted an anti-insect effect on S. zeamais, because they caused it a mortality percentage higher than 70 % on the fourth day after application, and 100 % was reached on the sixth day. The highest dose (1,74 g) propitiated that there was no weight loss of the grains due to affectation caused by the coleopteran, and, in addition, its repellent effect was corroborated. Thus, this initial study can be a starting point to confirm the potentialities of marble powder for its use in the management of such insect in grain (especially corn) storehouses or other facilities aimed at the preservation of feedstuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, the effectiveness of the inert white marble powder as mineral pesticide in the control of Sitophilus zeamais, in corn grains (Tusón variety) stored to be used as feedstuffs. In the experiments (anti-insect effect, weight loss of the grains and repellent effect of the marble powder) a completely randomized design was used, with four treatments, three doses of powder (0,46; 0,81 and 1,74 g) and a control (without powder), with 12 replicas each; and in the case of the data from the first two experiments variance analysis was applied. The three tested doses of the inert white marble powder exerted an anti-insect effect on S. zeamais, because they caused it a mortality percentage higher than 70 % on the fourth day after application, and 100 % was reached on the sixth day. The highest dose (1,74 g) propitiated that there was no weight loss of the grains due to affectation caused by the coleopteran, and, in addition, its repellent effect was corroborated. Thus, this initial study can be a starting point to confirm the potentialities of marble powder for its use in the management of such insect in grain (especially corn) storehouses or other facilities aimed at the preservation of feedstuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]