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Surgical interventions on an outpatient basis are defined as those procedures in which the patient is discharged the same day of the surgery after monitoring the subject during the immediate postoperative period. Submaxillectomies have conventionally been performed on an inpatient basis, and hospital stay was determined by the drain removal. This study aims to establish both safety and patient satisfaction following outpatient submaxillectomies using active drains. Fifteen patients between March 2016 and March 2020 underwent submaxillectomies using active drains in an outpatient basis. No patient had to be readmitted, and there were no complications that could be associated with the outpatient basis of this procedure, showing the safety of this surgical regimen. Patient satisfaction degree was high, with 86.7% of the patients declaring low or no pain as well as appropriate hospital stay. Most of the patients stated that they would accept the surgery in an outpatient basis once again. The performance of an outpatient submandibular gland removal is a safe and well-accepted procedure by the patient., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors manifest that there are no sources of support in the form of grants and no conflicts of interest or competing interests. Ethical approval Ethical approval was given by the Guadalajara University hospital research ethics committee., (© The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2021.)

Introduction: Surgical treatment of condylar neck fractures requires an extraoral approach when, due to the degree of difficulty of the fracture, an intraoral approach or an endoscopically supported treatment is not possible. In contrast to the cosmetically more favorable oral approach, extraoral approaches offer a better overview of the operating field and thus an easier fracture repositioning and osteosynthetic treatment. In 2007, Marti et al. described a minimal pre- and retroauricular incision with no extension to the hair-bearing skin and which aimed to improve the parotidectomy approach., Materials and Methods: We present two cases in which minimal incision was used as a surgical approach for treatment of the condylar neck., Discussion: Using the minimal incision, we were able to access the condylar neck. This type of approach as well as having the advantages of an open approach makes it possible to conceal the scar in the periauricular region and reduce the likelihood of salivary fistula.

Many different flaps have been used for reconstruction of the oral mucosa and the maxilla and mandible after tumor resection. These flaps might contain bone and might be free or locoregional. This study presents 2 cases of intraoral reconstruction using a submental osteocutaneous perforator flap to reconstruct the maxilla in one case and the mandible in the other. A reverse-flow flap was used for maxillary reconstruction In these cases, the functional, esthetic, and oncologic outcomes were favorable at 9 and 12 months of follow-up., (Copyright © 2016 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

It is not clear whether the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue (SCCT) is of etiopathogenic and clinical significance. This study was designed to establish the incidence of HPV in SCCT and to determine the influence of HPV detection on clinical parameters and the prognosis. Clinical and histopathological data of 64 patients with SCCT were collected. Thirty benign lesions of the tongue were analyzed in parallel, in order to compare the HPV incidence and genotypes in these lesions with those of SCCT. Paraffin blocks of all cases were collected and PCR was carried out using SPF10 primers and the INNO-LiPA genotyping methodology. HPV was detected in 26.2% of the patients. Hybridization results showed that all patients except one had high-risk (HR)-HPV. HPV56 was the most common (42.1%), followed by HPV18 (26.3%), HPV16 (10.5%), HPV66 (10.5%), HPV39 (5.3%), and HPV51 (5.3%). The odds ratio of HR-HPV infection in cases vs. controls was statistically significant (9.45, 95% confidence interval 1.18-75.46). Among the results of the univariate analysis correlating the presence of HR-HPV with different clinical parameters, only mortality showed a statistically significant correlation, being higher in HR-HPV patients (odds ratio 3.97, 95% confidence interval 1.07-14.7)., (Copyright © 2013 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a lesion of the gingival tissues that predominantly affects women and is usually located in the maxilla anterior to the molars. The definitive diagnosis is established by histological examination, which reveals the presence of cellular connective tissue with focal calcifications. Surgery is the treatment of choice, though the recurrence rate can reach 20%. We present a clinical and histological review - including a detailed immunohistochemical analysis - of four cases of POF diagnosed and treated at our hospital. All four patients were women, and two were pregnant. The immunohistochemical study revealed that the proliferating cells showed myofibroblastic characteristics and did not express estrogen or progesterone receptors. The lesions showed clinically benign behavior. Our results indicate that POF should be considered as a myofibroblastic proliferation, and although the clinical characteristics suggest hormonal influence, we were unable to demonstrate the expression of hormone receptors in the proliferating cellular component.

Introduction: Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), also known as Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, comprises five main pathological features: nevoid basal cell carcinomas, keratocystic odontogenic tumors, congenital skeletal anomalies, calcification of the falx cerebri, and point skin depressions on the palms and/or soles. The disease exhibits a dominant autosomal hereditary trait, with implication of the human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity Patched (PTCH) gene. BCNS is diagnosed on the basis of clinical and radiological criteria and can be confirmed by genetic study. The patient prognosis is very good, with normal life expectancy in most cases., Methods: The present study reports two cases of BCNS with the presence of maxillo-mandibular keratocystic odontogenic tumors., Results: One case was diagnosed according to clinical criteria, while the other required genetic confirmation that revealed a germ line mutation in exon 17 (c.2868delC), not previously described in the databases, which was considered to be responsible for the disease.

Scalp defects can have a number of origins, and their repair is dependent upon their location, size and depth. In the case of the scalp, the repair of even small defects is complicated. Local flaps are the reference for the reconstruction of such defects. Knowledge of scalp anatomy is essential for preparing these flaps, which must be based on one or two vascular pedicles to afford a large rotation angle--thereby facilitating closure of the defect. The parietal zone is the location offering the greatest flap mobilization possibilities. We present a case involving the repair of a major pericranial frontoparietal scalp defect. A local transverse posterior transpositioning scalp flap was raised with the posterior auricular and occipital arteries as vascular pedicle. Following repositioning of the flap, a free partial-thickness skin graft from the thigh was used to cover the donor zone. A review is provided of the different techniques for the reconstruction of large scalp defects.

Introduction: Orbital floor fractures are usually the result of mechanical trauma. Orbital emphysema tends to develop in fractures affecting the paranasal sinuses and walls of the orbit., Clinical Case: We report the case of a 35-year-old male who suffered an orbital floor fracture with associated orbital emphysema as a result of nose blowing., Discussion: Only one other similar case has been found in the literature.

Neurofibroma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour. It is one of the most frequent tumours of neural origin and its presence is one of the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-I). Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease due to an alteration in the long arm of chromosome 17. About 50% of NF-I patients have no family history of the disease. NF-I patients have skin lesions (cafe au lait spots and neurofibromas) as well as bone malformations and central nervous system tumours. Diagnosis is based on a series of clinical criteria. Gingival neurofibroma in NF-I is uncommon. Treatment of neurofibromas is surgical resection. The aim of this paper is to report a case of NF-I with gingival involvement and to review the literature.

The term leishmaniasis comprises a group of diseases caused by different species of a protozoon called Leishmania. Leishmaniasis is found worldwide, and is considered to be endemic in 88 countries. There are three main clinical forms of leishmaniasis: visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Exclusive involvement of the mucosa is very rare. We present a series of three cases of mucosal leishmaniasis located in the oral cavity. The fact that all three cases were recorded in Spain (an area where L. infantum is endemic), suggests that the latter was the causal agent. The only manifestation of leishmaniasis disease in the described cases was the appearance of an oral lesion. Treatment was provided in the form of meglumine antimoniate in two patients, with a favorable response. One of the patients left the hospital after diagnosis, without receiving treatment, and the subsequent course is not known. A review is made of the literature on the subject.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease of unknown etiology, characterized by proliferation of pathological Langerhans cells within different organs. It mainly affects children, but adult cases also occur, with an incidence rate of one to two per million. The head and neck are affected in almost 90% of cases. Diagnosis is made by means of histopathological analysis, and imaging studies are necessary in order to determine extent of the disease. There are no controlled trials proposing an optimal treatment protocol for LCH. Prognosis in adults is generally good due to the slow evolution of the disease and its favourable response to treatment. In our report, we present three cases of LCH in patients aged 16, 24, and 28 years respectively, with primary manifestation in the maxillofacial area. A literature review was also conducted.

Inflammatory pseudotumor is a term that refers to a reactive pseudoneoplastic disorder that can appear in different locations of the human body. The lung is the most frequently affected organ. The etiology is still unknown. It affects individuals of both sexes and of a wide range of ages. The diagnosis is still difficult and it is based on the histological examination of the lesions composed of four cell-types: histiocytes, myofibroblasts, plasma cells and lymphocytes. With regard to the treatment regimes there is no agreement. Treatment ranges from surgical excision to radiotherapy, chemotherapy or steroids. The purpose of this article is to report one case of inflammatory pseudotumor located in the parotid gland and to make a special point of the difficulty in arriving at a correct diagnosis in order to achieve the most adequate treatment.