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1. Design and Sensitivity of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G)

Author

Aguilar, J. A., Allison, P., Beatty, J. J., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D., Bingefors, N., Botner, O., Buitink, S., Carter, K., Clark, B. A., Connolly, A., Dasgupta, P., de Kockere, S., de Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., DuVernois, M. A., Feigl, N., Garcia-Fernandez, D., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Hendricks, B., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hornhuber, C., Hughes, K., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Klein, S. R., Krebs, R., Lahmann, R., Magnuson, M., Meures, T., Meyers, Z. S., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Pandya, H., Plaisier, I., Pyras, L., Ryckbosch, D., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Smith, D., Southall, D., Torres, J., Toscano, S., Broeck, D. J. Van Den, van Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A. G., Welling, C., Wissel, S., Young, R., and Zink, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

This article presents the design of the Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G) and discusses its scientific prospects. Using an array of radio sensors, RNO-G seeks to measure neutrinos above 10 PeV by exploiting the Askaryan effect in neutrino-induced cascades in ice. We discuss the experimental considerations that drive the design of RNO-G, present first measurements of the hardware that is to be deployed and discuss the projected sensitivity of the instrument. RNO-G will be the first production-scale radio detector for in-ice neutrino signals., Comment: 51 pages, 27 figures, version updated to include corrected figure of effective areas and error in caption

Published
2020
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2. IceCube-Gen2: The Window to the Extreme Universe

Author

Collaboration, The IceCube-Gen2, Aartsen, M. G., Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Alispach, C., Allison, P., Amin, N. M., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Arlen, T. C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bagherpour, H., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Barbano, A., Bartos, I., Bastian, B., Basu, V., Baum, V., Baur, S., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. -H., Tjus, J. Becker, BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., Bohmer, M., Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Bourbeau, E., Bourbeau, J., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burgman, A., Burley, R. T., Buscher, J., Busse, R. S., Bustamante, M., Campana, M. A., Carnie-Bronca, E. G., Carver, T., Chen, C., Chen, P., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Choi, S., Clark, B. A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coleman, A., Collin, G. H., Connolly, A., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dave, P., Deaconu, C., De Clercq, C., DeLaunay, J. J., De Kockere, S., Dembinski, H., Deoskar, K., De Ridder, S., Desai, A., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., Dharani, S., Diaz, A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dujmovic, H., Dunkman, M., DuVernois, M. A., Dvorak, E., Ehrhardt, T., Eller, P., Engel, R., Evans, J. J., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Farrag, K., Fazely, A. R., Felde, J., Fienberg, A. T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer, L., Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia-Fernandez, D., Garrappa, S., Gartner, A., Gerhardt, L., Gernhaeuser, R., Ghadimi, A., Glaser, C., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Goswami, S., Grant, D., Grégoire, T., Griffith, Z., Griswold, S., Gündüz, M., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halliday, R., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Hanson, J. C., Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Haugen, J., Haungs, A., Hauser, S., Hebecker, D., Heinen, D., Heix, P., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Henningsen, F., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, C., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Holzapfel, K., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Huber, T., Huege, T., Hughes, K., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jansson, M., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jones, B. J. P., Jonske, F., Joppe, R., Kalekin, O., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kang, X., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Katori, T., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kellermann, M., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kim, J., Kin, K., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Kleifges, M., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Koundal, P., Kovacevich, M., Kowalski, M., Krauss, C. B., Krings, K., Krückl, G., Kulacz, N., Kurahashi, N., Gualda, C. Lagunas, Lahmann, R., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Latif, U., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Leonard, K., Leszczyńska, A., Li, Y., Liu, Q. R., Lohfink, E., LoSecco, J., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucarelli, F., Ludwig, A., Lünemann, J., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Ma, W. Y., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Mallik, P., Mancina, S., Mandalia, S., Mariş, I. C., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Medina, A., Meier, M., Meighen-Berger, S., Merz, J., Meyers, Z. S., Micallef, J., Mockler, D., Momenté, G., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Muth, P., Naab, R., Nagai, R., Nam, J., Naumann, U., Necker, J., Neer, G., Nelles, A., Nguyên, L. V., Niederhausen, H., Nisa, M. U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Oberla, E., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, Oehler, M., Olivas, A., O'Sullivan, E., Pan, Y., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Papp, L., Park, N., Parker, G. K., Paudel, E. N., Peiffer, P., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petersen, T. C., Philippen, S., Pieloth, D., Pieper, S., Pinfold, J. L., Pizzuto, A., Plaisier, I., Plum, M., Popovych, Y., Porcelli, A., Rodriguez, M. Prado, Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Raissi, A., Rameez, M., Rauch, L., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Rehman, A., Reimann, R., Renschler, M., Renzi, G., Resconi, E., Reusch, S., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Riegel, M., Roberts, E. J., Robertson, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Cantu, D. Rysewyk, Safa, I., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Sandstrom, P., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Scharf, M., Schaufel, M., Schieler, H., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharma, A., Shefali, S., Silva, M., Smith, D., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Söldner-Rembold, S., Song, M., Southall, D., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Strotjohann, N. L., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Taketa, A., Tanaka, H. K. M., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tilav, S., Tollefson, K., Tomankova, L., Tönnis, C., Torres, J., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turcotte, R., Turley, C. F., Twagirayezu, J. P., Ty, B., Unger, E., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijk, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vannerom, D., van Santen, J., Veberic, D., Verpoest, S., Vieregg, A., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Watson, T. B., Weaver, C., Weindl, A., Weinstock, L., Weiss, M. J., Weldert, J., Welling, C., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wissel, S. A., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Wrede, G., Wren, S., Wulff, J., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yoshida, S., Yuan, T., Zhang, Z., Zierke, S., and Zöcklein, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The observation of electromagnetic radiation from radio to $\gamma$-ray wavelengths has provided a wealth of information about the universe. However, at PeV (10$^{15}$ eV) energies and above, most of the universe is impenetrable to photons. New messengers, namely cosmic neutrinos, are needed to explore the most extreme environments of the universe where black holes, neutron stars, and stellar explosions transform gravitational energy into non-thermal cosmic rays. The discovery of cosmic neutrinos with IceCube has opened this new window on the universe. In this white paper, we present an overview of a next-generation instrument, IceCube-Gen2, which will sharpen our understanding of the processes and environments that govern the universe at the highest energies. IceCube-Gen2 is designed to: 1) Resolve the high-energy neutrino sky from TeV to EeV energies; 2) Investigate cosmic particle acceleration through multi-messenger observations; 3) Reveal the sources and propagation of the highest energy particles in the universe; 4) Probe fundamental physics with high-energy neutrinos. IceCube-Gen2 will increase the annual rate of observed cosmic neutrinos by a factor of ten compared to IceCube, and will be able to detect sources five times fainter than its predecessor. Furthermore, through the addition of a radio array, IceCube-Gen2 will extend the energy range by several orders of magnitude compared to IceCube. Construction will take 8 years and cost about \$350M. The goal is to have IceCube-Gen2 fully operational by 2033. IceCube-Gen2 will play an essential role in shaping the new era of multi-messenger astronomy, fundamentally advancing our knowledge of the high-energy universe. This challenging mission can be fully addressed only in concert with the new survey instruments across the electromagnetic spectrum and gravitational wave detectors which will be available in the coming years., Comment: 56 pages, 29 figures

Published
2020
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3. Probing the angular and polarization reconstruction of the ARIANNA detector at the South Pole

Author

ARIANNA Collaboration, Anker, A., Barwick, S. W., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D. Z., Bingefors, N., García-Fernández, D., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hanson, J. C., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Meyers, Z. S., Nam, J., Novikov, A., Nelles, A., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Tatar, J., Wang, S. H., and Welling, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The sources of ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic rays, which can have energies up to 10^20 eV, remain a mystery. UHE neutrinos may provide important clues to understanding the nature of cosmic-ray sources. ARIANNA aims to detect UHE neutrinos via radio (Askaryan) emission from particle showers when a neutrino interacts with ice, which is an efficient method for neutrinos with energies between 10^16 eV and 10^20 eV. The ARIANNA radio detectors are located in Antarctic ice just beneath the surface. Neutrino observation requires that radio pulses propagate to the antennas at the surface with minimum distortion by the ice and firn medium. Using the residual hole from the South Pole Ice Core Project, radio pulses were emitted from a transmitter located up to 1.7 km below the snow surface. By measuring these signals with an ARIANNA surface station, the angular and polarization reconstruction abilities are quantified, which are required to measure the direction of the neutrino. After deconvolving the raw signals for the detector response and attenuation from propagation through the ice, the signal pulses show no significant distortion and agree with a reference measurement of the emitter made in an anechoic chamber. Furthermore, the signal pulses reveal no significant birefringence for our tested geometry of mostly vertical ice propagation. The origin of the transmitted radio pulse was measured with an angular resolution of 0.37 degrees indicating that the neutrino direction can be determined with good precision if the polarization of the radio-pulse can be well determined. In the present study we obtained a resolution of the polarization vector of 2.7 degrees. Neither measurement show a significant offset relative to expectation.

Published
2020
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4. White Paper: ARIANNA-200 high energy neutrino telescope

Author

Anker, A., Baldi, P., Barwick, S. W., Bergman, D., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D. Z., Bingefors, N., Botner, O., Chen, P., Chen, Y., García-Fernández, D., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hanson, J. C., Huang, J. J., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Kuo, C. -Y., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Liu, T., Lyu, Y., McAleer, S., Nam, J., Novikov, A., Nelles, A., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Shiao, J. Y., Tatar, J., van Vliet, A., Wang, S. -H., Wang, Y. -H., and Welling, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The proposed ARIANNA-200 neutrino detector, located at sea-level on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, consists of 200 autonomous and independent detector stations separated by 1 kilometer in a uniform triangular mesh, and serves as a pathfinder mission for the future IceCube-Gen2 project. The primary science mission of ARIANNA-200 is to search for sources of neutrinos with energies greater than 10^17 eV, complementing the reach of IceCube. An ARIANNA observation of a neutrino source would provide strong insight into the enigmatic sources of cosmic rays. ARIANNA observes the radio emission from high energy neutrino interactions in the Antarctic ice. Among radio based concepts under current investigation, ARIANNA-200 would uniquely survey the vast majority of the southern sky at any instant in time, and an important region of the northern sky, by virtue of its location on the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. The broad sky coverage is specific to the Moore's Bay site, and makes ARIANNA-200 ideally suited to contribute to the multi-messenger thrust by the US National Science Foundation, Windows on the Universe - Multi-Messenger Astrophysics, providing capabilities to observe explosive sources from unknown directions. The ARIANNA architecture is designed to measure the angular direction to within 3 degrees for every neutrino candidate, which too plays an important role in the pursuit of multi-messenger observations of astrophysical sources.

Published
2020

5. Neutrino astronomy with the next generation IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Author

Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Alispach, C., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Arlen, T. C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Backes, P., Bagherpour, H., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Barbano, A., Bartos, I., Bastian, B., Baum, V., Baur, S., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. -H., Tjus, J. Becker, BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., Bohmer, M., Börner, M., Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Bourbeau, E., Bourbeau, J., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burgman, A., Buscher, J., Busse, R. S., Bustamante, M., Carver, T., Chen, C., Chen, P., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Clark, B., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coleman, A., Collin, G. H., Connolly, A., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dave, P., Deaconu, C., de André, J. P. A. M., De Clercq, C., DeKockere, S., DeLaunay, J. J., Dembinski, H., Deoskar, K., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., Diaz, A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dujmovic, H., Dunkman, M., DuVernois, M. A., Dvorak, E., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eller, P., Engel, R., Evans, J. J., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Farrag, K., Fazely, A. R., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia-Fernandez, D., Garrappa, S., Gartner, A., Gerhardt, L., Gernhaeuser, R., Ghorbani, K., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Günder, M., Gündüz, M., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Haugen, J., Haungs, A., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Heix, P., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Henningsen, F., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Holzapfel, K., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Huber, T., Huege, T., Hughes, K., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B. J. P., Jonske, F., Joppe, R., Kalekin, O., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Katori, T., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kim, J., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krauss, C. B., Krings, K., Krückl, G., Kulacz, N., Kurahashi, N., Kyriacou, A., Labare, M., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Latif, U., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Leonard, K., Leszczynska, A., Leuermann, M., Liu, Q. R., Lohfink, E., LoSecco, J., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucarelli, F., Lünemann, J., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Ma, W. Y., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Mallik, P., Mallot, K., Mancina, S., Mandalia, S., Maris, I. C., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Medina, A., Meier, M., Meighen-Berger, S., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Micallef, J., Momenté, G., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Muth, P., Nagai, R., Nam, J., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Nelles, A., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, Oehler, M., Olivas, A., O'Murchadha, A., O'Sullivan, E., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Papp, L., Park, N., Peiffer, P., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petersen, T. C., Philippen, S., Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Pinfold, J. L., Pizzuto, A., Plaisier, I., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Raissi, A., Rameez, M., Rauch, L., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Renschler, M., Renzi, G., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riegel, M., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Rysewyk, D., Safa, I., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Sandstrom, P., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schaufel, M., Schieler, H., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Shaevitz, M. H., Shefali, S., Silva, M., Smith, D., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Söldner-Rembold, S., Song, M., Southall, D., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stein, R., Steinmüller, P., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Strotjohann, N. L., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Taketa, A., Tanaka, H. K. M., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tilav, S., Tomankova, L., Tönnis, C., Torres, J., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turcotte, R., Turley, C. F., Ty, B., Unger, E., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Usner, M., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Driessche, W., van Eijk, D., van Eijndhoven, N., Vanheule, S., Vieregg, A., van Santen, J., Veberic, D., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Wandkowsky, N., Watson, T. B., Weaver, C., Weindl, A., Weiss, M. J., Weldert, J., Welling, C., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Whelan, B. J., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wills, L., Wissel, S., Wolf, M., Wood, J., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Wrede, G., Wren, S., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Yuan, T., and Zöcklein, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The past decade has welcomed the emergence of cosmic neutrinos as a new messenger to explore the most extreme environments of the universe. The discovery measurement of cosmic neutrinos, announced by IceCube in 2013, has opened a new window of observation that has already resulted in new fundamental information that holds the potential to answer key questions associated with the high-energy universe, including: what are the sources in the PeV sky and how do they drive particle acceleration; where are cosmic rays of extreme energies produced, and on which paths do they propagate through the universe; and are there signatures of new physics at TeV-PeV energies and above? The planned advancements in neutrino telescope arrays in the next decade, in conjunction with continued progress in broad multimessenger astrophysics, promise to elevate the cosmic neutrino field from the discovery to the precision era and to a survey of the sources in the neutrino sky. The planned detector upgrades to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, culminating in IceCube-Gen2 (an envisaged $400M facility with anticipated operation in the next decade, described in this white paper) are the cornerstone that will drive the evolution of neutrino astrophysics measurements., Comment: related submission to Astro2020 decadal survey

Published
2019

6. Neutrino vertex reconstruction with in-ice radio detectors using surface reflections and implications for the neutrino energy resolution

Author

Anker, A., Barwick, S. W., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D. Z., Bingefors, N., García-Fernández, D., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hanson, J. C., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Nam, J., Novikov, A., Nelles, A., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Prakash, T., Shively, S. R., Tatar, J., Unger, E., Wang, S. H., Welling, C., and Zierke, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Ultra high energy neutrinos ($E_\nu > 10^{16.5}$eV$)$ are efficiently measured via radio signals following a neutrino interaction in ice. An antenna placed $\mathcal{O}$(15 m) below the ice surface will measure two signals for the vast majority of events (90% at $E_\nu$=$10^{18}$eV$)$: a direct pulse and a second delayed pulse from a reflection off the ice surface. This allows for a unique identification of neutrinos against backgrounds arriving from above. Furthermore, the time delay between the direct and reflected signal (D'n'R) correlates with the distance to the neutrino interaction vertex, a crucial quantity to determine the neutrino energy. In a simulation study, we derive the relation between time delay and distance and study the corresponding experimental uncertainties in estimating neutrino energies. We find that the resulting contribution to the energy resolution is well below the natural limit set by the unknown inelasticity in the initial neutrino interaction. We present an in-situ measurement that proves the experimental feasibility of this technique. Continuous monitoring of the local snow accumulation in the vicinity of the transmit and receive antennas using this technique provide a precision of $\mathcal{O}$(1 mm) in surface elevation, which is much better than that needed to apply the D'n'R technique to neutrinos., Comment: replaced with accepted version (Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics in press)

Published
2019
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7. A search for cosmogenic neutrinos with the ARIANNA test bed using 4.5 years of data

Author

Anker, A., Barwick, S. W., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D. Z., Bingefors, N., García-Fernández, D., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hanson, J. C., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Nam, J., Novikov, A., Nelles, A., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Prakash, T., Shively, S. R., Tatar, J., Unger, E., Wang, S. -H., and Welling, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The primary mission of the ARIANNA ultra-high energy neutrino telescope is to uncover astrophysical sources of neutrinos with energies greater than $10^{16}\mathrm{eV}$. A pilot array, consisting of seven ARIANNA stations located on the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica, was commissioned in November 2014. We report on the search for astrophysical neutrinos using data collected between November 2014 and February 2019. A straight-forward template matching analysis yielded no neutrino candidates, with a signal efficiency of 79%. We find a 90% confidence upper limit on the diffuse neutrino flux of $E^2\Phi=1.7\times 10^{-6}\mathrm{GeV cm^{-2}s^{-1}sr^{-1}}$ for a decade wide logarithmic bin centered at a neutrino energy of $10^{18}\mathrm{eV}$, which is an order of magnitude improvement compared to the previous limit reported by the ARIANNA collaboration. The ARIANNA stations, including purpose built cosmic-ray stations at the Moore's Bay site and demonstrator stations at the South Pole, have operated reliably. Sustained operation at two distinct sites confirms that the flexible and adaptable architecture can be deployed in any deep ice, radio quiet environment. We show that the scientific capabilities, technical innovations, and logistical requirements of ARIANNA are sufficiently well understood to serve as the basis for large area radio-based neutrino telescope with a wide field-of-view., Comment: Replaced with version accepted for publication

Published
2019
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8. Probing the angular and polarization reconstruction of the ARIANNA detector at the South Pole

Author

Anker, A, Barwick, SW, Bernhoff, H, Besson, DZ, Bingefors, N, García-Fernández, D, Gaswint, G, Glaser, C, Hallgren, A, Hanson, JC, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Latif, U, Meyers, ZS, Nam, J, Novikov, A, Nelles, A, Paul, MP, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Tatar, J, Wang, S-H, and Welling, C

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Communications Engineering, Physical Sciences, Data analysis, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Systematic effects, Neutrino detectors, astro-ph.IM, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

The sources of ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic rays, which can have energies up to 1020 eV, remain a mystery. UHE neutrinos may provide important clues to understanding the nature of cosmic-ray sources. ARIANNA aims to detect UHE neutrinos via radio (Askaryan) emission from particle showers when a neutrino interacts with ice, which is an efficient method for neutrinos with energies between 1016 eV and 1020 eV. The ARIANNA radio detectors are located in Antarctic ice just beneath the surface. Neutrino observation requires that radio pulses propagate to the antennas at the surface with minimum distortion by the ice and firn medium. Using the residual hole from the South Pole Ice Core Project, radio pulses were emitted from a transmitter located up to 1.7 km below the snow surface. By measuring these signals with an ARIANNA surface station, the angular and polarization reconstruction abilities are quantified, which are required to measure the direction of the neutrino. After deconvolving the raw signals for the detector response and attenuation from propagation through the ice, the signal pulses show no significant distortion and agree with a reference measurement of the emitter made in an anechoic chamber. Furthermore, the signal pulses reveal no significant birefringence for our tested geometry of mostly vertical ice propagation. The origin of the transmitted radio pulse was measured with an angular resolution of 0.37◦ indicating that the neutrino direction can be determined with good precision if the polarization of the radio-pulse can be well determined. In the present study we obtained a resolution of the polarization vector of 2.7◦. Neither measurement show a significant offset relative to expectation.

Published
2020

9. A search for cosmogenic neutrinos with the ARIANNA test bed using 4.5 years of data

Author

Anker, A, Barwick, SW, Bernhoff, H, Besson, DZ, Bingefors, N, García-Fernández, D, Gaswint, G, Glaser, C, Hallgren, A, Hanson, JC, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Latif, U, Nam, J, Novikov, A, Nelles, A, Paul, MP, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Prakash, T, Shively, SR, Tatar, J, Unger, E, Wang, S-H, and Welling, C

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, cosmological neutrinos, neutrino astronomy, neutrino experiments, ultra high energy photons and neutrinos, astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.HE, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The primary mission of the ARIANNA ultra-high energy neutrino telescope is to uncover astrophysical sources of neutrinos with energies greater than 1016 eV. A pilot array, consisting of seven ARIANNA stations located on the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica, was commissioned in November 2014. We report on the search for astrophysical neutrinos using data collected between November 2014 and February 2019. A straight-forward template matching analysis yielded no neutrino candidates, with a signal efficiency of 79%. We find a 90% confidence upper limit on the diffuse neutrino flux of E2Φ=1.7× 10-6 GeV cm-2s-1sr-1 for a decade wide logarithmic bin centered at a neutrino energy of 1018,eV, which is an order of magnitude improvement compared to the previous limit reported by the ARIANNA collaboration. The ARIANNA stations, including purpose built cosmic-ray stations at the Moore's Bay site and demonstrator stations at the South Pole, have operated reliably. Sustained operation at two distinct sites confirms that the flexible and adaptable architecture can be deployed in any deep ice, radio quiet environment. We show that the scientific capabilities, technical innovations, and logistical requirements of ARIANNA are sufficiently well understood to serve as the basis for large area radio-based neutrino telescope with a wide field-of-view.

Published
2020

10. NuRadioMC: simulating the radio emission of neutrinos from interaction to detector

Author

Glaser, C, García-Fernández, D, Nelles, A, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Barwick, SW, Besson, DZ, Clark, BA, Connolly, A, Deaconu, C, de Vries, KD, Hanson, JC, Hokanson-Fasig, B, Lahmann, R, Latif, U, Kleinfelder, SA, Persichilli, C, Pan, Y, Pfendner, C, Plaisier, I, Seckel, D, Torres, J, Toscano, S, van Eijndhoven, N, Vieregg, A, Welling, C, Winchen, T, and Wissel, SA

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.HE, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

NuRadioMC is a Monte Carlo framework designed to simulate ultra-high energy neutrino detectors that rely on the radio detection method. This method exploits the radio emission generated in the electromagnetic component of a particle shower following a neutrino interaction. NuRadioMC simulates everything from the neutrino interaction in a medium, the subsequent Askaryan radio emission, the propagation of the radio signal to the detector and finally the detector response. NuRadioMC is designed as a modern, modular Python-based framework, combining flexibility in detector design with user-friendliness. It includes a state-of-the-art event generator, an improved modelling of the radio emission, a revisited approach to signal propagation and increased flexibility and precision in the detector simulation. This paper focuses on the implemented physics processes and their implications for detector design. A variety of models and parameterizations for the radio emission of neutrino-induced showers are compared and reviewed. Comprehensive examples are used to discuss the capabilities of the code and different aspects of instrumental design decisions.

Published
2020

11. Computing the electric field from Extensive Air Showers using a realistic description of the atmosphere

Author

Gaté, F., Revenu, B., García-Fernández, D., Marin, V., Dallier, R., Escudié, A., and Martin, L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is still poorly known and constitutes a very important topic in the field of high-energy astrophysics. Detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is carried out via the extensive air showers they create after interacting with the atmosphere constituents. The secondary electrons and positrons within the showers emit a detectable electric field in the kHz-GHz range. It is possible to use this radio signal for the estimation of the atmospheric depth of maximal development of the showers \xmax, with a good accuracy and a duty cycle close to $100\%$. This value of \xmax\ is strongly correlated to the nature of the primary cosmic ray that initiated the shower. We show in this paper the importance of using a realistic atmospheric model in order to correct for systematic errors that can prevent a correct and unbiased estimation of~\xmax., Comment: 36 pages, 18 figures

Published
2018
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12. The AMY (Air Microwave Yield) experiment to measure the GHz emission from air shower plasma

Author

Alvarez-Muniz, J., Blanco, M., Bohacova, M., Buonomo, B., Cataldi, G., Coluccia, M. R., Creti, P., De Mitri, I., Di Giulio, C., Luis, P. Facal San, Foggetta, L., Gaior, R., Garcia-Fernandez, D., Iarlori, M., Coz, S. Le, Letessier-Selvon, A., Louedec, K., Maris, I. C., Martello, D., Mazzitelli, G., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Rizi, V., Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Salamida, F., Salina, G., Settimo, M., Valente, P., Vazquez, J. R., Verzi, V., and Williams, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The aim of the Air Microwave Yield (AMY) experiment is to investigate the Molecular Bremsstrahlung Radiation (MBR) emitted from an electron beam induced air-shower. The measurements have been performed with a 510 MeV electron beam at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) of Frascati INFN National Laboratories in a wide frequency range between 1 and 20 GHz. We present the experimental apparatus and the first results of the measurements. Contrary to what have been reported in a previous similar experiment~\cite{Gorham-SLAC}, we have found that the intensity of the emission is strongly influenced by the particular time structure of the accelerator beam. This makes very difficult the interpretation of the emission process and a realistic extrapolation of the emission yield to the plasma generated during the development of an atmospheric shower., Comment: Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino Detection Activities, Annapolis (Maryland), USA, 2014

Published
2018

13. Neutrino vertex reconstruction with in-ice radio detectors using surface reflections and implications for the neutrino energy resolution

Author

Anker, A, Barwick, SW, Bernhoff, H, Besson, DZ, Bingefors, N, García-Fernández, D, Gaswint, G, Glaser, C, Hallgren, A, Hanson, JC, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Latif, U, Nam, J, Novikov, A, Nelles, A, Paul, MP, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Prakash, T, Shively, SR, Tatar, J, Unger, E, Wang, S-H, Welling, C, and Zierke, S

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, neutrino astronomy, neutrino detectors, neutrino experiments, ultra high energy photons and neutrinos, astro-ph.IM, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

Ultra high energy neutrinos (Eν > 1016.5eV) are efficiently measured via radio signals following a neutrino interaction in ice. An antenna placed1(15 m) below the ice surface will measure two signals for the vast majority of events (90% at Eν=1018 eV): a direct pulse and a second delayed pulse from a reflection off the ice surface. This allows for a unique identification of neutrinos against backgrounds arriving from above. Furthermore, the time delay between the direct and reflected signal (D'n'R) correlates with the distance to the neutrino interaction vertex, a crucial quantity to determine the neutrino energy. In a simulation study, we derive the relation between time delay and distance and study the corresponding experimental uncertainties in estimating neutrino energies. We find that the resulting contribution to the energy resolution is well below the natural limit set by the unknown inelasticity in the initial neutrino interaction. We present an in-situ measurement that proves the experimental feasibility of this technique. Continuous monitoring of the local snow accumulation in the vicinity of the transmit and receive antennas using this technique provide a precision of (1 mm) in surface elevation, which is much better than that needed to apply the D'n'R technique to neutrinos.

Published
2019

14. Energy and Flux Measurements of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays Observed During the First ANITA Flight

Author

Schoorlemmer, H., Belov, K., Romero-Wolf, A., García-Fernández, D., Bugaev, V., Wissel, S. A., Allison, P., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Barwick, S. W., Beatty, J. J., Besson, D. Z., Binns, W. R., Carvalho Jr., W. R., Chen, C., Chen, P., Clem, J. M., Connolly, A., Dowkontt, P. F., DuVernois, M. A., Field, R. C., Goldstein, D., Gorham, P. W., Hast, C., Heber, C. L., Huege, T., Hoover, S., Israel, M. H., Javaid, A., Kowalski, J., Lam, J., Learned, J. G., Liewer, K. M., Link, J. T., Lusczek, E., Matsuno, S., Mercurio, B. C., Miki, C., Miočinović, P., Mulrey, K., Nam, J., Naudet, C. J., Ng, J., Nichol, R. J., Palladino, K., Rauch, B. F., Roberts, J., Reil, K., Rotter, B., Rosen, M., Ruckman, L., Saltzberg, D., Seckel, D., Urdaneta, D., Varner, G. S., Vieregg, A. G., Walz, D., Wu, F., and Zas, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The first flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment recorded 16 radio signals that were emitted by cosmic-ray induced air showers. For 14 of these events, this radiation was reflected from the ice. The dominant contribution to the radiation from the deflection of positrons and electrons in the geomagnetic field, which is beamed in the direction of motion of the air shower. This radiation is reflected from the ice and subsequently detected by the ANITA experiment at a flight altitude of 36km. In this paper, we estimate the energy of the 14 individual events and find that the mean energy of the cosmic-ray sample is 2.9 EeV. By simulating the ANITA flight, we calculate its exposure for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We estimate for the first time the cosmic-ray flux derived only from radio observations. In addition, we find that the Monte Carlo simulation of the ANITA data set is in agreement with the total number of observed events and with the properties of those events., Comment: Added more explanation of the experimental setup and textual improvements

Published
2015
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15. Energy and flux measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed during the first ANITA flight

Author

Schoorlemmer, H, Belov, K, Romero-Wolf, A, García-Fernández, D, Bugaev, V, Wissel, SA, Allison, P, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Barwick, SW, Beatty, JJ, Besson, DZ, Binns, WR, Carvalho, WR, Chen, C, Chen, P, Clem, JM, Connolly, A, Dowkontt, PF, DuVernois, MA, Field, RC, Goldstein, D, Gorham, PW, Hast, C, Huege, T, Heber, CL, Hoover, S, Israel, MH, Javaid, A, Kowalski, J, Lam, J, Learned, JG, Link, JT, Lusczek, E, Matsuno, S, Mercurio, BC, Miki, C, Miočinović, P, Mulrey, K, Nam, J, Naudet, CJ, Ng, J, Nichol, RJ, Palladino, K, Rauch, BF, Roberts, J, Reil, K, Rotter, B, Rosen, M, Ruckman, L, Saltzberg, D, Seckel, D, Urdaneta, D, Varner, GS, Vieregg, AG, Walz, D, Wu, F, and Zas, E

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Cosmic rays, Air shower, Radio detection, astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.IM, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The first flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment recorded 16 radio signals that were emitted by cosmic-ray induced air showers. The dominant contribution to the radiation comes from the deflection of positrons and electrons in the geomagnetic field, which is beamed in the direction of motion of the air shower. For 14 of these events, this radiation is reflected from the ice and subsequently detected by the ANITA experiment at a flight altitude of ∼36 km. In this paper, we estimate the energy of the 14 individual events and find that the mean energy of the cosmic-ray sample is 2.9 × 1018 eV, which is significantly lower than the previous estimate. By simulating the ANITA flight, we calculate its exposure for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We estimate for the first time the cosmic-ray flux derived only from radio observations and find agreement with measurements performed at other observatories. In addition, we find that the ANITA data set is consistent with Monte Carlo simulations for the total number of observed events and with the properties of those events.

Published
2016

17. The Air Microwave Yield (AMY) experiment - A laboratory measurement of the microwave emission from extensive air showers

Author

Louedec, K., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Blanco, M., Bohácová, M., Buonomo, B., Cataldi, G., Coluccia, M. R., Creti, P., De Mitri, I., Di Giulio, C., Luis, P. Facal San, Foggetta, L., Gaïor, R., Garcia-Fernandez, D., Iarlori, M., Coz, S. Le, Letessier-Selvon, A., Mariş, I. C., Martello, D., Mazzitelli, G., Monasor, M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petrera, S., Privitera, P., Rizi, V., Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Salamida, F., Salina, G., Settimo, M., Valente, P., Vazquez, J. R., Verzi, V., and Williams, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The AMY experiment aims to measure the microwave bremsstrahlung radiation (MBR) emitted by air-showers secondary electrons accelerating in collisions with neutral molecules of the atmosphere. The measurements are performed using a beam of 510 MeV electrons at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) of Frascati INFN National Laboratories. The goal of the AMY experiment is to measure in laboratory conditions the yield and the spectrum of the GHz emission in the frequency range between 1 and 20 GHz. The final purpose is to characterise the process to be used in a next generation detectors of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. A description of the experimental setup and the first results are presented., Comment: 3 pages -- EPS-HEP'13 European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics (July, 18-24, 2013) at Stockholm, Sweden

Published
2013

18. Erratum: Design and sensitivity of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G)

Author

Aguilar, J.A., primary, Allison, P., additional, Beatty, J.J., additional, Bernhoff, H., additional, Besson, D., additional, Bingefors, N., additional, Botner, O., additional, Buitink, S., additional, Carter, K., additional, Clark, B.A., additional, Connolly, A., additional, Dasgupta, P., additional, de Kockere, S., additional, de Vries, K.D., additional, Deaconu, C., additional, DuVernois, M.A., additional, Feigl, N., additional, García-Fernández, D., additional, Glaser, C., additional, Hallgren, A., additional, Hallmann, S., additional, Hanson, J.C., additional, Hendricks, B., additional, Hokanson-Fasig, B., additional, Hornhuber, C., additional, Hughes, K., additional, Karle, A., additional, Kelley, J.L., additional, Klein, S.R., additional, Krebs, R., additional, Lahmann, R., additional, Magnuson, M., additional, Meures, T., additional, Meyers, Z.S., additional, Nelles, A., additional, Novikov, A., additional, Oberla, E., additional, Oeyen, B., additional, Pandya, H., additional, Plaisier, I., additional, Pyras, L., additional, Ryckbosch, D., additional, Scholten, O., additional, Seckel, D., additional, Smith, D., additional, Southall, D., additional, Torres, J., additional, Toscano, S., additional, Van Den Broeck, D.J., additional, van Eijndhoven, N., additional, Vieregg, A.G., additional, Welling, C., additional, Wissel, S., additional, Young, R., additional, and Zink, A., additional

Published
2023
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19. Energy and flux measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed during the first ANITA flight

Author

Schoorlemmer, H., Belov, K., Romero-Wolf, A., García-Fernández, D., Bugaev, V., Wissel, S.A., Allison, P., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Barwick, S.W., Beatty, J.J., Besson, D.Z., Binns, W.R., Carvalho Jr., W.R., Chen, C., Chen, P., Clem, J.M., Connolly, A., Dowkontt, P.F., DuVernois, M.A., Field, R.C., Goldstein, D., Gorham, P.W., Hast, C., Huege, T., Heber, C.L., Hoover, S., Israel, M.H., Javaid, A., Kowalski, J., Lam, J., Learned, J.G., Link, J.T., Lusczek, E., Matsuno, S., Mercurio, B.C., Miki, C., Miočinović, P., Mulrey, K., Nam, J., Naudet, C.J., Ng, J., Nichol, R.J., Palladino, K., Rauch, B.F., Roberts, J., Reil, K., Rotter, B., Rosen, M., Ruckman, L., Saltzberg, D., Seckel, D., Urdaneta, D., Varner, G.S., Vieregg, A.G., Walz, D., Wu, F., and Zas, E.

Published
2016
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20. Cova del Rinoceront (Castelldefels, Barcelona): a terrestrial record for the Last Interglacial period (MIS 5) in the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula

Author

Daura, J., Sanz, M., Julià, R., García-Fernández, D., Fornós, J.J., Vaquero, M., Allué, E., López-García, J.M., Blain, H.A., Ortiz, J.E., Torres, T., Albert, R.M., Rodríguez-Cintas, À., Sánchez-Marco, A., Cerdeño, E., Skinner, A.R., Asmeron, Y., Polyak, V.J., Garcés, M., Arnold, L.J., Demuro, M., Pike, A.W.G., Euba, I., Rodríguez, R.F., Yagüe, A.S., Villaescusa, L., Gómez, S., Rubio, A., Pedro, M., Fullola, J.M., and Zilhão, J.

Published
2015
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23. Design and sensitivity of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G)

Author

Aguilar, J.A., primary, Allison, P., additional, Beatty, J.J., additional, Bernhoff, H., additional, Besson, D., additional, Bingefors, N., additional, Botner, O., additional, Buitink, S., additional, Carter, K., additional, Clark, B.A., additional, Connolly, A., additional, Dasgupta, P., additional, de Kockere, S., additional, de Vries, K.D., additional, Deaconu, C., additional, DuVernois, M.A., additional, Feigl, N., additional, García-Fernández, D., additional, Glaser, C., additional, Hallgren, A., additional, Hallmann, S., additional, Hanson, J.C., additional, Hendricks, B., additional, Hokanson-Fasig, B., additional, Hornhuber, C., additional, Hughes, K., additional, Karle, A., additional, Kelley, J.L., additional, Klein, S.R., additional, Krebs, R., additional, Lahmann, R., additional, Magnuson, M., additional, Meures, T., additional, Meyers, Z.S., additional, Nelles, A., additional, Novikov, A., additional, Oberla, E., additional, Oeyen, B., additional, Pandya, H., additional, Plaisier, I., additional, Pyras, L., additional, Ryckbosch, D., additional, Scholten, O., additional, Seckel, D., additional, Smith, D., additional, Southall, D., additional, Torres, J., additional, Toscano, S., additional, Van Den Broeck, D.J., additional, van Eijndhoven, N., additional, Vieregg, A.G., additional, Welling, C., additional, Wissel, S., additional, Young, R., additional, and Zink, A., additional

Published
2021
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24. A search for cosmogenic neutrinos with the ARIANNA test bed using 4.5 years of data

Author

Anker, A., Barwick, S. W., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Nam, J., Novikov, A., Nelles, A., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Bernhoff, H., Prakash, T., Shively, S. R., Tatar, J., Unger, E., Wang, S.-H., Welling, C., ARIANNA Collaboration, Besson, D. Z., Bingefors, N., García-Fernández, D., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., and Hanson, J. C.

Subjects
cosmological neutrinos, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Neutrino telescope, ice, pole, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, Ice shelf, neutrino astronomy, Particle and Plasma Physics, Affordable and Clean Energy, neutrino experiments, 0103 physical sciences, site, Cryosphere, surface, Nuclear, ddc:530, detector [neutrino], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, geography, radio wave, geography.geographical_feature_category, ultra high energy photons and neutrinos, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, flux [neutrino], Nuclear & Particles Physics, UHE [neutrino], Massless particle, energy [neutrino], cosmic radiation, efficiency, ARIANNA, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Lepton, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics 2020(03), 053 (2020). doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2020/03/053, The primary mission of the ARIANNA ultra-high energy neutrino telescope is to uncover astrophysical sources of neutrinos with energies greater than $10^{16}\mathrm{eV}$. A pilot array, consisting of seven ARIANNA stations located on the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica, was commissioned in November 2014. We report on the search for astrophysical neutrinos using data collected between November 2014 and February 2019. A straight-forward template matching analysis yielded no neutrino candidates, with a signal efficiency of 79%. We find a 90% confidence upper limit on the diffuse neutrino flux of $E^2\Phi=1.7\times 10^{-6}\mathrm{GeV cm^{-2}s^{-1}sr^{-1}}$ for a decade wide logarithmic bin centered at a neutrino energy of $10^{18}\mathrm{eV}$, which is an order of magnitude improvement compared to the previous limit reported by the ARIANNA collaboration. The ARIANNA stations, including purpose built cosmic-ray stations at the Moore's Bay site and demonstrator stations at the South Pole, have operated reliably. Sustained operation at two distinct sites confirms that the flexible and adaptable architecture can be deployed in any deep ice, radio quiet environment. We show that the scientific capabilities, technical innovations, and logistical requirements of ARIANNA are sufficiently well understood to serve as the basis for large area radio-based neutrino telescope with a wide field-of-view., Published by IOP, London

Published
2020
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28. Radio detection of atmospheric air showers of particles

Author

Escudie, A., Charrier, Didier, Dallier, Richard, García-Fernández, D., Lecacheux, A., Martin, Lilian, Revenu, Benoît, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), electron, showers: atmosphere, air, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, radio wave: detector, charged particle, electric field, observatory, cosmic radiation: primary, gamma ray: VHE, positron, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), performance
Abstract

Since 2002, the CODALEMA experiment located within the Nan\c{c}ay Radio Observatory studies the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (above 10^{17} eV) arriving in the Earth atmosphere. These cosmic rays interact with the component of the atmosphere, inducing an extensive air shower (EAS) composed mainly of charged particles (electrons and positrons). During the development of the shower in the atmosphere, these charged particles in movement generate a fast electric field transient (a few nanoseconds to a few tens of ns), detected at ground by CODALEMA with dedicated radio antennas over a wide frequency band (between 20 MHz and 200 MHz). The study of this electric field emitted during the shower development aims to determine the characteristics of the primary cosmic ray which has induced the particle shower: its nature, its arrival direction and its energy. After some theoretical considerations and a short description of the SELFAS simulation code, we will present the CODALEMA experiment, its performances and main results. At last, we will show how the EAS radio-detection technique could be used to observe very high energy gamma rays sources, with the NenuFAR radio telescope.

Published
2019

29. NuRadioMC - Simulation Code for the Next Generation of Radio Neutrino Detectors

Author

García-Fernández, D., Glaser, C., Nelles, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Barwick, S., Besson, D. Z., Buitink, S., Clark, B. A., Connolly, A., Deaconu, C., Vries, K., Hanson, J., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Kleinfelder, S. A., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Persichilli, C., Pan, Y., Pfender, C., Plaisier, I., Seckel, D., Torres Espinosa, J., Toscano, S., Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A. G., Welling, C., Winchen, T., and Stephanie Wissel

Subjects
Astronomie autres radiations, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The detection of astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube has opened a new window for the observation of our universe. The use of antennas for detecting astroparticles has been proven useful and accurate after many years of radio cosmic-ray detections, and will be a valuable asset for increasing the statistics for the detection of neutrinos < 10 PeV and reaching out to the highest energies. The radio technique requires realistic and precise simulations of the electric field created after the neutrino interacts with the detector volume, how it propagates through media, and what measurable signal it produces in the detector. With the goal of providing accurate, fast simulations of neutrino-induced electric fields, we have created the NuRadioMC code. It builds on the experience of software used for current radio neutrino and cosmic ray experiments., SCOPUS: cp.p, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019
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36. Dental Pulp of the Third Molar: A New Source of Pluripotent-like Stem Cells

Author

Atari, M., primary, Gil-Recio, C., additional, Fabregat, M., additional, García-Fernández, D. A., additional, Barajas, M., additional, Carrasco, M., additional, Jung, Han-Sung, additional, Hernández-Alfaro, F., additional, Casals, N., additional, Prosper, F., additional, Ferrés Padró, E., additional, and Giner, L., additional

Published
2012
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42. Design and Sensitivity of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G)

Author

Aguilar, J. A., Allison, P., Beatty, J. J., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D., Bingefors, N., Botner, O., Buitink, S., Carter, K., Clark, B. A., Connolly, A., Dasgupta, P., De Kockere, S., De Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., Duvernois, M. A., Feigl, N., García-Fernández, D., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, Steffen, Hanson, J. C., Hendricks, B., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hornhuber, C., Hughes, K., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Klein, S. R., Krebs, R., Lahmann, R., Magnuson, M., Meures, T., Meyers, Zachary Samuel, Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Pandya, H., Plaisier, Ilse, Pyras, Lilly, Ryckbosch, D., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Smith, D., Southall, D., Torres, J., Toscano, S., Van Den Broeck, D. J., Van Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A. G., Welling, Christoph, Wissel, S., Young, R., and Zink, A.

Subjects
observatory, neutrino, ice, hardware, 14. Life underwater, radio wave: detector, sensitivity, 7. Clean energy, cascade
Abstract

Journal of Instrumentation 16(03), P03025 (2021). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/03/P03025, This article presents the design of the Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G) and discusses its scientific prospects. Using an array of radio sensors, RNO-G seeks to measure neutrinos above 10 PeV by exploiting the Askaryan effect in neutrino-induced cascades in ice. We discuss the experimental considerations that drive the design of RNO-G, present first measurements of the hardware that is to be deployed and discuss the projected sensitivity of the instrument. RNO-G will be the first production-scale radio detector for in-ice neutrino signals., Published by Inst. of Physics, London

43. White Paper: ARIANNA-200 high energy neutrino telescope

Author

Anker, A., Baldi, P., Barwick, S. W., Bergman, D., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D. Z., Bingefors, N., Botner, O., Chen, P., Chen, Y., García-Fernández, D., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hanson, J. C., Huang, J. J., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Kuo, C. -Y., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Liu, T., Lyu, Y., McAleer, S., Nam, J., Novikov, A., Nelles, A., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Shiao, J. Y., Tatar, J., Van Vliet, A., Wang, S. -H., Wang, Y. -H., and Welling, C.

Subjects
radio wave, cosmic radiation: energy spectrum, neutrino: energy: high, background, ice, neutrino: particle source, Baikal, triangulation, sensitivity, 7. Clean energy, Auger, IceCube, neutrino: detector, 13. Climate action, muon, site, ARIANNA, showers: electromagnetic, surface, thrust, 14. Life underwater, cosmic radiation: UHE, cosmic radiation: acceleration, KM3NeT, neutrino: interaction
Abstract

12 pp. (2020)., The proposed ARIANNA-200 neutrino detector, located at sea-level on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, consists of 200 autonomous and independent detector stations separated by 1 kilometer in a uniform triangular mesh, and serves as a pathfinder mission for the future IceCube-Gen2 project. The primary science mission of ARIANNA-200 is to search for sources of neutrinos with energies greater than 10^17 eV, complementing the reach of IceCube. An ARIANNA observation of a neutrino source would provide strong insight into the enigmatic sources of cosmic rays. ARIANNA observes the radio emission from high energy neutrino interactions in the Antarctic ice. Among radio based concepts under current investigation, ARIANNA-200 would uniquely survey the vast majority of the southern sky at any instant in time, and an important region of the northern sky, by virtue of its location on the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. The broad sky coverage is specific to the Moore's Bay site, and makes ARIANNA-200 ideally suited to contribute to the multi-messenger thrust by the US National Science Foundation, Windows on the Universe - Multi-Messenger Astrophysics, providing capabilities to observe explosive sources from unknown directions. The ARIANNA architecture is designed to measure the angular direction to within 3 degrees for every neutrino candidate, which too plays an important role in the pursuit of multi-messenger observations of astrophysical sources.

45. Electric field emitted by a particle track in two semi-infinite media

Author

García-Fernández, D., Dallier, R., Escudie, A., Martin, L., and Revenu, B.

Subjects
7. Clean energy
Abstract

36th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 24 Jul 2019 - 1 Aug 2019; 8 p. (2019)., The radio technique for the detection of cosmic rays is nowadays a well-established experimentaltechnique, and several projects intend to adapt it for the detection of neutrinos. When a primaryparticle interacts with a target particle in a medium, a shower containing electrically chargedparticles is created, and an electric field is emitted. The measurement and analysis of this electricfield can reveal the properties of the primary particle. In order to be able to produce an accuratereconstruction of the properties of the primary particle, a reliable calculation of the electric fieldis needed. Although almost every current radio detection experiment is located near a boundary(e.g. ground), the effect of this boundary on the calculation of the electric field is either not takeninto account or the field is decomposed into direct, reflected and transmitted components, whichis a correct description in the far-field approximation only. When the emitting shower and thedetector are close to the boundary with respect to the observation wavelength, this approximationbreaks down, as it is the case for the EXTASIS experiment when the particles are near groundlevel. We present in this work a frequency-domain calculation of the electric field from a chargedparticle track lying in two semi-infinite media separated by a planar boundary. We also give anestimate of the expected signal from a full air shower using a toy model.

46. Bismuthene - Tetrahedral DNA nanobioconjugate for virus detection.

Author

Enebral-Romero E, García-Fernández D, Gutiérrez-Gálvez L, López-Diego D, Luna M, García-Martín A, Salagre E, Michel EG, Torres Í, Zamora F, García-Mendiola T, and Lorenzo E

Subjects
Humans, Electrochemical Techniques methods, Nanostructures chemistry, DNA chemistry, Aptamers, Nucleotide chemistry, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Biosensing Techniques methods, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus analysis, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus chemistry, COVID-19 virology, COVID-19 diagnosis, Limit of Detection
Abstract

In this work, we present an electrochemical sensor for fast, low-cost, and easy detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in infected patients. The sensor is based on a selected combination of nanomaterials with a specific purpose. A bioconjugate formed by Few-layer bismuthene nanosheets (FLB) and tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) is immobilized on Carbon Screen-Printed Electrodes (CSPE). The TDNs contain on the top vertex an aptamer that specifically binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and a thiol group at the three basal vertices to anchor to the FLB. The TDNs are also marked with a redox indicator, Azure A (AA), which allows the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through changes in the current intensity of its electrolysis before and after the biorecognition reaction. The developed sensor can detect SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with a detection limit of 1.74 fg mL -1 directly in nasopharyngeal swab human samples. Therefore, this study offers a new strategy for rapid virus detection since it is versatile enough for different viruses and pathogens., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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47. A "signal off-on" fluorescence bioassay based on 2D-MoS 2 -tetrahedral DNA bioconjugate for rapid virus detection.

Author

García-Fernández D, Gutiérrez-Gálvez L, Vázquez Sulleiro M, Garrido M, López-Diego D, Luna M, Pérez EM, García-Mendiola T, and Lorenzo E

Subjects
Humans, Molybdenum, DNA chemistry, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Nanostructures chemistry, Biosensing Techniques methods
Abstract

In this work we present the preparation of a 2D molybdenum disulphide nanosheets (2D-MoS 2 ) and tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) bioconjugate, and its application to the development of a bioassay for rapid and easy virus detection. The bioconjugate has been prepared by using TDNs carrying the capture probe labelled with 6-carboxyfluoresceine (6-FAM). As case of study to assess the utility of the assay developed, we have chosen the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Hence, as probe we have used a DNA sequence complementary to a region of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab gene (TDN-ORF-FAM). This 6-FAM labelled capture probe is located on the top vertex of the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure, the three left vertices of TDNs have a thiol group. These TDNs are bounded to 2D-MoS 2 surface through the three thiol groups, allowing the capture probe to be oriented to favour the biorecognition reaction with the analyte. This biorecognition resulting platform has finally been challenged to the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab gene sequence as the target model by measuring fluorescence before and after the hybridization event with a detection limit of 19.7fM. Furthermore, due to high sensitivity of the proposed methodology, it has been applied to directly detect the virus in nasopharyngeal samples of infected patients without the need of any amplification step. The developed bioassay has a wide range of applicability since it can be applied to the detection of any pathogen by changing the probe corresponding to the target sequence. Thus, a novel, hands-on strategy for rapid pathogen detection has proposed and has a high potential application value in the early diagnosis of infections causes by virus or bacteria., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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48. Free PCR virus detection via few-layer bismuthene and tetrahedral DNA nanostructured assemblies.

Author

Gutiérrez-Gálvez L, García-Fernández D, Barrio MD, Luna M, Torres Í, Zamora F, Navío C, Milán-Rois P, Castellanos M, Abreu M, Cantón R, Galán JC, Somoza Á, Miranda R, García-Mendiola T, and Lorenzo E

Subjects
Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide chemistry, DNA genetics, DNA chemistry, Limit of Detection, DNA Probes, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Luminescent Measurements methods, Electrochemical Techniques methods, Biosensing Techniques methods, Nanostructures chemistry
Abstract

In this work we describe a highly sensitive method based on a biocatalyzed electrochemiluminescence approach. The system combines, for the first time, the use of few-layer bismuthene (FLB) as a platform for the oriented immobilization of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) specifically designed and synthetized to detect a specific SARS-CoV-2 gene sequence. In one of its vertices, these TDNs contain a DNA capture probe of the open reading frame 1 ab (ORF1ab) of the virus, available for the biorecognition of the target DNA/RNA. At the other three vertices, there are thiol groups that enable the stable anchoring/binding to the FLB surface. This novel geometry/approach enables not only the binding of the TDNs to surfaces, but also the orientation of the capture probe in a direction normal to the bismuthine surface so that it is readily accessible for binding/recognition of the specific SARS-CoV-2 sequence. The analytical signal is based on the anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensity of luminol which, in turn, arises as a result of the reaction with H 2 O 2 , generated by the enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidation, catalyzed by the biocatalytic label avidin-glucose oxidase conjugate (Av-GOx), which acts as co-reactant in the electrochemiluminescent reaction. The method exhibits a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.31 aM and a wide linear range from 14.4 aM to 1.00 μM, and its applicability was confirmed by detecting SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples from COVID-19 patients without the need of any amplification process., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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49. Extremely low frequency non-uniform magnetic fields induce changes in water relations, photosynthesis and tomato plant growth.

Author

De Souza-Torres A, Sueiro-Pelegrín L, Zambrano-Reyes M, Macías-Socarras I, González-Posada M, and García-Fernández D

Subjects
Time Factors, Solanum lycopersicum growth & development, Solanum lycopersicum metabolism, Magnetic Fields, Photosynthesis, Water metabolism
Abstract

Purpose: To elucidate the effects during the vegetative growth of pre-sowing magnetic treatments on water relations, photosynthesis and plant growth in tomato (Vyta) plants under greenhouse conditions. Materials and methods: Tomato seeds were exposed to full-wave rectified sinusoidal non-uniform magnetic fields (MFs) induced by an electromagnet at 120 mT (rms) for 10 min and at 80 mT (rms) for 5 min. Non-treated seeds were used as controls. Plants were grown in polystyrene trays and water relations, photosynthesis and plant growth were measured. Results: Plants from magnetically treated seeds maintained better leaf water status in terms of increases in leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, leaf turgor potential and relative water content, and decreases in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Net photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll contents increase in plants from magnetically exposed seeds compared to controls. The MF treatments lead to a notable increase in root length, plant height, root and shoot dry mass, leaf area per plant, and root and shoot relative growth rates. Conclusions: Application of full-wave rectified sinusoidal non-uniform MF as a pre-sowing treatment has the potential to improve tomato plant vegetative growth through the enhancement of water relations and photosynthesis.

Published
2020
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50. Yeast Biodiversity from DOQ Priorat Uninoculated Fermentations.

Author

Padilla B, García-Fernández D, González B, Izidoro I, Esteve-Zarzoso B, Beltran G, and Mas A

Abstract

Climate, soil, and grape varieties are the primary characteristics of terroir and lead to the definition of various appellations of origin. However, the microbiota associated with grapes are also affected by these conditions and can leave a footprint in a wine that will be part of the characteristics of terroir. Thus, a description of the yeast microbiota within a vineyard is of interest not only to provide a better understanding of the winemaking process, but also to understand the source of microorganisms that maintain a microbial footprint in wine from the examined vineyard. In this study, two typical grape varieties, Grenache and Carignan, have been sampled from four different vineyards in the DOQ Priorat winegrowing region. Afterward, eight spontaneous alcoholic fermentations containing only grapes from one sampling point and of one variety were conducted at laboratory scale. The fermentation kinetics and yeast population dynamics within each fermentation experiment were evaluated. Yeast identification was performed by RFLP-PCR of the 5.8S-ITS region and by sequencing D1/D2 of the 26S rRNA gene of the isolates. The fermentation kinetics did not indicate clear differences between the two varieties of grapes or among vineyards. Approximately 1,400 isolates were identified, exhibiting high species richness in some fermentations. Of all the isolates studied, approximately 60% belong to the genus Hanseniaspora, 16% to Saccharomyces, and 11% to Candida. Other minor genera, such as Hansenula, Issatchenkia, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomycodes, and Zygosaccharomyces, were also found. The distribution of the identified yeast throughout the fermentation process was studied, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to be present mainly at the end of the fermentation process, while Aureobasidium pullulans was isolated primarily during the first days of fermentation in three of the eight spontaneous fermentations. This work highlights the complexity and diversity of the vineyard ecosystem, which contains yeasts from different species. The description of this yeast diversity will lead to the selection of native microbiota that can be used to produce quality wines with the characteristics of the Priorat.

Published
2016
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