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4. Vulnerability of mineral-associated soil organic carbon to climate across global drylands

Author

Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Maestre, Fernando T., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Eldridge, David J., Saiz, Hugo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Asensio, Sergio, Berdugo, Miguel, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Mendoza, Betty J., García-Gil, Juan C., Zaccone, Claudio, Panettieri, Marco, García-Palacios, Pablo, Fan, Wei, Benavente-Ferraces, Iria, Rey, Ana, Eisenhauer, Nico, Cesarz, Simone, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Aramayo, Valeria, Arroyo, Antonio I., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Ben Salem, Farah, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo, Branquinho, Cristina, Bu, Chongfeng, Cáceres, Yonatan, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Currier, Courtney M., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Deák, Balázs, Dickman, Christopher R., Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew J., Durán, Jorge, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Ferrante, Daniela, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan J., Gusman Montalván, Elizabeth, Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M., von Hessberg, Andreas, Hölzel, Norbert, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Hughes, Frederic M., Jadán-Maza, Oswaldo, Geissler, Katja, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Kindermann, Liana, Koopman, Jessica E., Le Roux, Peter C., Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jushan, Louw, Michelle A., Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Marais, Eugene, Margerie, Pierre, Mazaneda, Antonio J., McClaran, Mitchel P., Messeder, João Vitor S., Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Reyes, Victor M., Rodríguez, Alexandra, Ruppert, Jan C., Sala, Osvaldo, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Julius, Sloan, Michael, Solongo, Shijirbaatar, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton R. A., Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew D., Throop, Heather L., Tielbörger, Katja, Travers, Samantha, Val, James, Valko, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zeberio, Juan M., Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Plaza, César

Published
2024
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5. Unforeseen plant phenotypic diversity in a dry and grazed world

Author

Gross, Nicolas, Maestre, Fernando T., Liancourt, Pierre, Berdugo, Miguel, Martin, Raphaël, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maire, Vincent, Saiz, Hugo, Soliveres, Santiago, Valencia, Enrique, Eldridge, David J., Guirado, Emilio, Jabot, Franck, Asensio, Sergio, Gaitán, Juan J., García-Gómez, Miguel, Martínez, Paloma, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Mendoza, Betty J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Pescador, David S., Plaza, César, Pijuan, Ivan Santaolaria, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Amghar, Fateh, Arroyo, Antonio I., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bailey, Lydia, Ben Salem, Farah, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew A., Branquinho, Cristina, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea del P., Castro, Helena, Castro, Patricio, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel Augusto, Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Donoso, David A., Durán, Jorge, Espinosa, Carlos, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Ferrante, Daniela, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, Lauchlan, Gonzalez, Sofía, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hernández-Hernández, Rosa Mary, Hölzel, Norbert, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Jadan, Oswaldo, Jeltsch, Florian, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Kindermann, Liana, le Roux, Peter, Linstädter, Anja, Louw, Michelle A., Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Manzaneda, Antonio J., Marais, Eugene, Margerie, Pierre, Hughes, Frederic Mendes, Messeder, João Vitor S., Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gaston R., Peter, Guadalupe, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, Ramírez-Iglesias, Elizabeth, Reed, Sasha C., Rey, Pedro J., Reyes Gómez, Víctor M., Rodríguez, Alexandra, Rolo, Victor, Rubalcaba, Juan G., Ruppert, Jan C., Sala, Osvaldo, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew D., Throop, Heather L., Tielbörger, Katja, Travers, Samantha, Undrakhbold, Sainbileg, Val, James, Valkó, Orsolya, Velbert, Frederike, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Lixin, Wang, Deli, Wardle, Glenda M., Wolff, Peter, Yahdjian, Laura, Yari, Reza, Zaady, Eli, Zeberio, Juan Manuel, Zhang, Yuanling, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann

Published
2024
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10. A system-level model reveals that transcriptional stochasticity is required for hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Author

Joel Herrera, Antonio Bensussen, Mónica L. García-Gómez, Adriana Garay-Arroyo, and Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract HSCs differentiation has been difficult to study experimentally due to the high number of components and interactions involved, as well as the impact of diverse physiological conditions. From a 200-node network, that was grounded on experimental data, we derived a 21-node regulatory network by collapsing linear pathways and retaining the functional feedback loops. This regulatory network core integrates key nodes and interactions underlying HSCs differentiation, including transcription factors, metabolic, and redox signaling pathways. We used Boolean, continuous, and stochastic dynamic models to simulate the hypoxic conditions of the HSCs niche, as well as the patterns and temporal sequences of HSCs transitions and differentiation. Our findings indicate that HSCs differentiation is a plastic process in which cell fates can transdifferentiate among themselves. Additionally, we found that cell heterogeneity is fundamental for HSCs differentiation. Lastly, we found that oxygen activates ROS production, inhibiting quiescence and promoting growth and differentiation pathways of HSCs.

Published
2024
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12. Functional requirements to mitigate the Risk of Harm to Patients from Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Author

García-Gómez, Juan M., Blanes-Selva, Vicent, Cenzano, José Carlos de Bartolomé, Cebolla-Cornejo, Jaime, and Doñate-Martínez, Ascensión

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, 68
Abstract

The Directorate General for Parliamentary Research Services of the European Parliament has prepared a report to the Members of the European Parliament where they enumerate seven main risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine and healthcare: patient harm due to AI errors, misuse of medical AI tools, bias in AI and the perpetuation of existing inequities, lack of transparency, privacy and security issues, gaps in accountability, and obstacles in implementation. In this study, we propose fourteen functional requirements that AI systems may implement to reduce the risks associated with their medical purpose: AI passport, User management, Regulation check, Academic use only disclaimer, data quality assessment, Clinicians double check, Continuous performance evaluation, Audit trail, Continuous usability test, Review of retrospective/simulated cases, Bias check, eXplainable AI, Encryption and use of field-tested libraries, and Semantic interoperability. Our intention here is to provide specific high-level specifications of technical solutions to ensure continuous good performance and use of AI systems to benefit patients in compliance with the future EU regulatory framework., Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, 1 table

Published
2023

16. Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

Author

Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, Osvaldo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Saiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Gozalo, Beatriz, Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew, Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel Augusto, Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew David, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Ivan, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan, Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hernández, Rosa Mary, Hölzel, Norbert, Hughes, Frederic Mendes, Jadan, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Louw, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth, Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Emiliano Quiroga, R., Reed, Sasha, Rey, Ana, Rey, Pedro, Gómez, Víctor Manuel Reyes, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan Christian, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew David, Tielbörger, Katja, Robles, Silvia Torres, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Maestre, Fernando T.

Published
2024
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17. Insights into aging mechanisms from comparative genomics in orange and silver roughies

Author

Dido Carrero, Maria Pascual-Torner, Diana Álvarez-Puente, Víctor Quesada, Claudia García-Gómez, and Carlos López-Otín

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The demersal fish orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) can live for up to 250 years, twenty times more than its congener silver roughy (Hoplostethus mediterraneus). Studies of Hoplostethus have focused mainly on its ecology and conservation due to its vulnerability to commercial fishing. In this work, we present the de novo genomes of orange and silver roughies and explore the genomic mechanisms that could contribute to such differential longevities. Using comparative genomics on a list of more than 400 genes, we identified gene candidates with differential residue changes in Hoplostethus that are related to genomic instability, disabled macroautophagy and intercellular communication. We hypothesized that these mechanisms could have been selected as adaptations to the deep environment and, as an epiphenomenon of these mechanisms, may have contributed to an extension of the lifespan of H. atlanticus.

Published
2024
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18. Formation of asymmetric arms in barred galaxies

Author

Sánchez-Martín, P., García-Gómez, C., Masdemont, J. J., and Romero-Gómez, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We establish a dynamical mechanism to explain the origin of the asymmetry between the arms observed in some barred disk galaxies, where one of the two arms emanating from the bar ends is very well defined, while the second one displays a ragged structure, extending between its ridge and the bar. To this purpose, we study the invariant manifolds associated to the Lyapunov periodic orbits around the unstable equilibrium points at the ends of the bar. Matter from the galaxy center is transported along these manifolds to the periphery, forming this way the spiral arms that emanate from the bar ends. If the mass distribution in the galaxy center is not homogeneous, because of an asymmetric bar with one side stronger than the other, or because of a non-centered bulge, the dynamics about the two unstable Lagrange points at the ends of the bar will not be symmetric as well. One of their invariant manifolds becomes more extended than the other, enclosing a smaller section and the escaping orbits on it are fewer and dispersed in a wider region. The result is a weaker arm, and more ragged than the one at the other end of the bar.

Published
2023
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19. Conclusion

Author

Willett, Rebekah, primary, Zhao, Xinyu, additional, and García Gómez, Diana Carolina, additional

Published
2024
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21. Tuning of magnetic properties and giant magnetoimpedance effect in multilayered microwires

Author

R. López Antón, J.P. Andrés, J.A. González, A. García-Gómez, V. Zhukova, A. Chizhik, M. Salaheldeen, and A. Zhukov

Subjects
Giant Magnetoimpedance effect, Coercivity, Magnetostatic interaction, Internal stresses, Magnetic microwires, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

We studied the magnetic properties and Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect in amorphous Co-rich microwires with similar chemical compositions and different diameters with magnetic (Co, Permalloy) and non-magnetic (Cu) layers deposited by magnetic sputtering onto glass-coating. Studies of magnetic properties and GMI effect of as-prepared microwires and the same microwires with deposited magnetic and non-magnetic layers reveal substantial impact of such layers on GMI effect and hysteresis loops. Both as-prepared samples present soft magnetic properties and high GMI effect. The contribution of magnetic layers is observed in hysteresis loop at higher magnetic field, with hysteresis loops similar to those observed in microwires with mixed amorphous-crystalline structure. Meanwhile, both magnetic and non-magnetic layers affect low field hysteresis loops of both samples. Additionally, the GMI ratio, ΔZ/Z, and magnetic field dependences of GMI ratio are substantially affected by the presence of magnetic and non-magnetic layers deposited onto glass-coating. We discussed the observed experimental dependences considering both change of the internal stresses originated by the sputtered layer as well as the magnetostatic interaction between the amorphous ferromagnetic nucleus and deposited magnetic layers.

Published
2024
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22. La conexidad entre la garantía de acceso a la justicia y la erradicación de prácticas de violencia obstétrica como estandarte internacional

Author

Julieta García Gómez

Subjects
Mala praxis, Violencia obstétrica, Plazo razonable, Acceso a la Justicia, Estereotipos de género, malpractice, Law, Medicine
Abstract

La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos declaró responsable internacionalmente a la República Bolivariana de Venezuela por vulnerar derechos fundamentales de Balbina Francisca Rodríguez Pacheco y su núcleo familiar, en un caso de violencia de género en su modalidad obstétrica, mala praxis médica y denegación del acceso a la justicia. El proceso penal estuvo marcado por una serie de irregularidades que incumplían los estándares interamericanos del plazo razonable y con ello hicieron nugatorio el derecho a acceder a la justicia de la Sra. Rodríguez Pacheco. Estas malas prácticas procesales tienen como efecto negativo la perpetuación de prácticas violentas arraigadas en los centros de salud en contra de las mujeres que asisten a ellos y permite que se vulneren sus derechos a la salud y a su integridad personal, por lo cual, es un deber del Estado garantizar mecanismos eficientes para la debida investigación de este tipo de hechos para un efectivo acceso a la justicia.

Published
2024
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23. Características clínicas y micológicas de pacientes hospitalizados con candidemia

Author

Dianiley García Gómez, Mayda Rosa Perurena Lancha, Alina Choy Marrero, Maida López Pérez, and María Teresa Ilnait Zaragozí

Subjects
antifúngicos, candidemia, candida parapsilosis, mortalidad., Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Introducción: La candidemia es una enfermedad que se ha incrementado en el medio hospitalario. Afecta con frecuencia a pacientes asistidos en las unidades de atención al grave, con predominio de aislados sensibles a los antifúngicos disponibles. Las especies del complejo Candida parapsilosis son las responsables, en gran medida, de causar infecciones graves. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes hospitalizados con candidemia desde el punto de vista clínico y microbiológico. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en 234 pacientes, con diagnóstico presuntivo de candidemia. Se caracterizaron los aislados recuperados por métodos microbiológicos fenotípicos. Se analizaron las variables clínicas: Resultados de los hemocultivos, grupo poblacional y fallecidos por candidosis y las microbiológicas: Aislados en las muestras positivas y perfil de susceptibilidad a los antifúngicos. Como medidas resumen para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados: Se confirmaron 51 pacientes con candidemia en las unidades de atención al grave (21,79 %); el 52,94 % en neonatos. Predominaron las especies no albicans, como el complejo Candida parapsilosis (80,39 %) y Candida tropicalis (9,80 %). Los antifúngicos más activos fueron anfotericina B y 5-fluorocitosina. La mortalidad global fue de 25,49 %. Conclusiones: Los pacientes hospitalizados con candidemia se caracterizan por ser de edad neonatal, con el complejo Candida parapsilosis, de elevada sensibilidad a los antifúngicos y alto índice de mortalidad.

Published
2024

26. Reduced precipitation can induce ecosystem regime shifts in lakes by increasing internal nutrient recycling

Author

Jordi Catalan, Agustín P. Monteoliva, José Carlos Vega, Almudena Domínguez, Ana I. Negro, Rocío Alonso, Blas Valero Garcés, Meritxell Batalla, Héctor García-Gómez, Manel Leira, Carlos Nuño, José Pahissa, María Peg, Sergi Pla-Rabés, Neftalí Roblas, José Luis Vargas, and Manuel Toro

Subjects
Climate change, Ecosystem regime shift, Conditional heteroscedasticity, Precipitation decline, Global warming, Nutrient retention, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Eutrophication is a main threat to continental aquatic ecosystems. Prevention and amelioration actions have been taken under the assumption of a stable climate, which needs reconsideration. Here, we show that reduced precipitation can bring a lake ecosystem to a more productive regime even with a decline in nutrient external load. By analyzing time series of several decades in the largest lake of the Iberian Peninsula, we found autocorrelated changes in the variance of state variables (i.e., chlorophyll and oxygen) indicative of a transient situation towards a new ecosystem regime. Indeed, exceptional planktonic diatom blooms have occurred during the last few years, and the sediment record shows a shift in phytoplankton composition and an increase in nutrient retention. Reduced precipitation almost doubled the water residence time in the lake, enhancing the relevance of internal processes. This study demonstrates that ecological quality targets for aquatic ecosystems must be tailored to the changing climatic conditions for appropriate stewardship.

Published
2024
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29. Mortality and mobility of mature adult patient in the intensive care unit

Author

Alberto García Gómez, Yasmani Gámez Pérez, Pedro Julio García Alvarez, Juan Carlos Pradere Pensado, Serafin Noa Cordero, and Jorge Javiel Cedeño Cabrera

Subjects
adulto, mortalidad, unidad de cuidados intensivos., Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Introduction: A part of the admissions to the intensive care unit are made up of adults in middle age (between 40 and 59 years old). Objectives: Characterize the mature adult admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, in the intensive care unit with a series of 1214 patients. The following were studied: age, sex, type of admission, APACHE II upon admission, mechanical ventilation, length of stay, mortality and direct cause of death. Statistical methods: Frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, chi-square tests and Student's t test; 5 % significance level was stated. Results: The mean age was 50.9 ± 5.3 years. The age group 50-59 years (61.9 %) and the male sex (60.0 %) predominated. 55.3 % were discharged alive. There was a significant difference between the mean ages between those who died and those who were discharged alive (p< 0.0001). Clinical admission was awarded the highest number of admissions (65.0 %). The mean APACHE II value was 14.5 ± 7.6; in the deceased it was higher (20.0 vs. 10.0). 58.5 % of patients did not receive mechanical ventilation. The average stay was 6.6 days, longer in those who died (7.8 vs. 5.6). The main cause of death was severe cerebral edema (22.6 %). Conclusions: The age group 50-59 years predominates, the male sex, the cause of admission was clinical, the APACHE II value = 15 points, the stay = 7 days, requiring MV and being discharged alive; the direct cause of death is intense cerebral edema.

Published
2024

30. COVID-19-related temporary disability in healthcare workers in Spain during the four first pandemic waves

Author

Montserrat García Gómez, Alin Manuel Gherasim, Juan María Roldán Romero, Luz María Montoya Martínez, Jesús Oliva Domínguez, and Sofía Escalona López

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Temporary disability, Cumulative incidence, Healthcare workers, National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance, Medicine
Abstract

Healthcare workers (HCW) have been the professional category most exposed to SARS-CoV-2. The pandemic’s impact on HCW was analyzed in terms of COVID-19-related temporary disability (TD) between February 15th, 2020 and May 1st, 2021. TDs in HCW for COVID-19 infection or quarantine were described. TD quarantine/infection ratios and TDs per 100,000 affiliated HCW were compared with the cumulative incidence (CI) of COVID-19 cases notified to the National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance. TDs rates by economic activity and occupation were computed. A total of 429,127 TDs were recorded, 36,6% for infection. Three-quarters (76%) were women. The median TD quarantine/infection ratio was 2.5 (Interquartile range [IQR] 1.5–3.9). TDs rates in HCW were always above the CI except for the last two months of the fourth wave. Hospital activities accounted for 84% of TDs and showed the highest TD rate for infection (8,279/100,000). Nursing professionals and midwifery, Physicians, and Nursing assistants accounted for 26, 18 and 17 % of the conceded TD respectively, whereas the highest TDs rates were registered among Nursing assistants, Nursing professionals and Physicians: 7,426, 6,925 and 5,508/100,000, respectively. The results indicate the high impact of COVID-19 on HCW in Spain and it’s inequalities. They also confirm that TDs represent a complementary source of information for epidemiological and public health surveillance and could provide an early warning of new emerging infections.

Published
2024
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31. Las haciendas porfiristas en la configuración territorial de Comitán, Chiapas, México

Author

Karina García Gómez and Eugenia María Azevedo Salomao

Subjects
Configuración del territorio. patrimonio. haciendas. Comitán., Human ecology. Anthropogeography, GF1-900, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Geography (General), G1-922
Abstract

Una de las etapas históricas con más cambios urbano-arquitectónicos, político-económicos y sociales en México fue la época del porfirismo, en la que a través del impulso de las haciendas representó una de las estrategias esenciales para consolidar el país como una nación en progreso. Chiapas, uno de los estados al sur de la República mexicana, específicamente la región de Comitán, fungió como un área importante a nivel estatal en el desarrollo de sus espacios productivos, por lo que el objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer las permanencias de estas haciendas en la estructura territorial de Comitán, la trascendencia de esta época y su impacto en la época actual. La metodología usada fue cualitativa basada en la interpretación documental, lectura de fotografías y cartografía histórica. Como resultado se presenta una reconstrucción histórica de la transformación territorial de Comitán a través del tiempo, valorando un patrimonio que ha sido olvidado.

Published
2024
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45. Molybdenum release from high burnup spent nuclear fuel at alkaline and hyperalkaline pH

Author

Sonia García-Gómez, Javier Giménez, Ignasi Casas, Jordi Llorca, Joan De Pablo, Albert Martínez-Torrents, Frederic Clarens, Jakub Kokinda, Luis Iglesias, and Daniel Serrano-Purroy

Subjects
Spent nuclear fuel, Molybdenum, Metallic inclusions, Hyperalkaline conditions, Instant release fraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

This work presents experimental data and modelling of the release of Mo from high-burnup spent nuclear fuel (63 MWd/kgU) at two different pH values, 8.4 and 13.2 in air. The release of Mo from SF to the solution is around two orders of magnitude higher at pH = 13.2 than at pH = 8.4. The high Mo release at high pH would indicate that Mo would not be congruently released with uranium and would have an important contribution to the Instant Release Fraction, with a value of 5.3%.Parallel experiments with pure non irradiated Mo(s) and XPS determinations indicated that the faster dissolution at pH = 13.2 could be the consequence of the higher releases from metallic Mo in the fuel through a surface complexation mechanism promoted by the OH− and the oxidation of the metal to Mo(VI) via the formation of intermediate Mo(IV) and Mo(V) species.

Published
2024
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