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Discharge from unrestricted tobacco products with filters (TPF) causes environmental damage. To reduce TPF litter quantities, Directive (EU) 2019/904 requires TPF producers to proportionally contribute to the costs of discarding their products in public waste collection systems, including litter waste ones. An appropriate output-based cost model requires assessing TPF quantities in relevant waste streams. Currently, there is no comprehensive data available on TPF quantities in municipal solid waste (MSW). Therefore, a case study was conducted to quantify TPF in MSW. This study aimed to determine TPF quantities (1) in residual waste from four German district types and (2) in waste from public collection systems for three settlement structures within Trier City. Relevant waste streams from public collection systems, namely waste from public waste receptacles, street-cleaning waste and sinkhole residues, were identified. For both sampling campaigns, consideration was given to extrapolating the results to a larger scale. The results showed that the average specific TPF quantities in residual waste were 277.7, 271.8, 193.3 and 204.5 gi− 1a− 1 in the selected city district, urban district, densely populated rural district and sparsely populated rural district, respectively. Extrapolation of these results to Germany yielded a specific TPF quantity in residual waste of 250.3 gi-1a-1. The average specific TPF quantities in waste from public waste receptacles, street-cleaning waste and sinkhole residues were 12.2, 47.4 and 9.9 gi−1a− 1, respectively. The results could contribute to cost model development based on Directive (EU) 2019/904. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Autistic adults exhibit core and comorbid features that can have an impact on their daily functioning and lead to considerable psychological distress. Significant and consistent associations have been identified between autism characteristics—restricted repetitive behaviors and sensory features—and high levels of stress and anxiety. For a better understanding of the issue, it is necessary to consider the cognitive aspects that can help explain variations in stress and anxiety levels among adults with autism. We therefore aimed to model the contributions of worry and intolerance of uncertainty on the relationship between autism characteristics (sensory sensitivities and repetitive behaviors) and psychological distress (stress and anxiety). Methods: The sample comprised 144 autistic individuals with a mean age of 35.15 (SD = 11.44). They participated in the study by completing an online questionnaire to assess the study variables. Most of the participants reported being diagnosed with Asperger syndrome (63.6%) or Level 1 autism spectrum disorder (27.1%). Results: The model fit index values tested through path analysis indicated a good fit (χ2 = 5.65; p = 0.13 ns; CFI = 0.993; NFI = 0.985; RMSEA = 0.079; SRMR = 0.025) and identified worry and intolerance of uncertainty as significant mediating variables within a comprehensive explanatory model. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of worry and intolerance of uncertainty as specific targets in interventions aimed at improving stress and anxiety problems in autistic adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the consumption of plastic products intended for single use has increased. Directive (EU) 2019/904 aims to reduce the use and the resulting generated waste quantity of single-use plastic (SUP) products. Therefore, manufacturers of SUP products are required to contribute proportionately to the costs of disposing of their products in public collection systems, including litter waste. One possibility to develop a cost model is to determine SUP-product quantities in relevant municipal solid waste (MSW) streams. The partly low quantities and small size of specific SUP products and the focus on waste from public collection systems, including litter waste, impede special requirements for the sampling and analytical procedures. This article provides an approach for sampling and analysing MSW to determine SUP-product quantities. The developed sampling method examines the selection of a suitable sampling area, considering the possibility of extrapolation to a national scale. The adapted sampling procedure aims to achieve statistically representative results. The presented sample preparation is especially suitable for low quantities and small SUP-product sizes. The developed sampling and analytical method aims to achieve representative and reproducible results regarding SUP-product quantities in MSW. The results can contribute to the development of a cost model based on Directive (EU) 2019/904. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In couples parenting children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the partner becomes a primary source of support for addressing the additional parenting demands. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between supportive dyadic coping and parental adaptation, and to assess the mediating role of relationship satisfaction between them. Seventy-six couples parenting children with ASD participated. Data were gathered through self-report questionnaires and an Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model was used. Mothers' and fathers' supportive dyadic coping was related to both their own and partner's relationship satisfaction and parental adaptation. Findings also revealed the mediation role of relationship satisfaction, in the association between supportive dyadic coping and parental adaptation. The implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.

Couples affect each other cognitively, emotionally and behaviorally. The goal of this study is to test the benefits and potential use of the actor-partner interdependence model in examining how parental self-efficacy and positive contributions of fathers and mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Condition influence each other's psychological adaptation. The sample includes 76 Spanish couples who completed validated questionnaires measuring predictors, i.e., self-efficacy and positive contributions, and adaptation outcomes i.e., stress, anxiety, depression and psychological well-being. Multilevel analysis revealed many actor and some partner effects of parental self-efficacy and positive contributions to be important determinants of adaptation above and beyond child and sociodemographic factors, and as such, these effects should be targeted in clinical intervention programs.

Introduction: Dichotic listening test can estimate hemispheric dominance for language., Aim: To study the usefulness of a new set of dichotic pairs of Spanish stimuli in middle childhood., Subjects and Methods: The stratified control group comprised 40 healthy, right-handed children, aged 3.5- 7.5 years, of both sexes, with average ability at speaking Spanish. The clinical sample comprised 12 children with right spastic hemi-paretic cerebral palsy, average general intelligence and sentence repetition index over -2z. Each listening series is composed of 20 age-appropriate dichotic pairs: one syllable, word, or number; or trains of two or three syllables or numbers. Voice onset time, duration and stress of stimuli were balanced. Hemispheric dominance index (HDI) for language was calculated using a formula with the scores of stimuli from right or left ears. Statistical analysis evaluated the age-related accuracy and discriminant power of each HDI., Results: In the non-forced attention paradigm, the range of HDI is 0-200. Values of HDI ≥ 112 indicate left hemisphere dominance for language, whereas values of HDI ≤ 88 indicate right hemisphere dominance. All 40 typical subjects showed left HDI for language, without influence of age and sex. In contrast, ten out of twelve (83%) right hemiparetic children had right HDI., Conclusions: The results show that this new set of dichotic pairs is useful in the initial assessment of cerebral dominance for language and valid for use in Spanish speaking children aged 3.5 years or more.

Personal Health Records shared between patients and their health team can improve the capacity of the patients to become active partners in the care of their own health. PHR can offer the patients access to their medical information, services, such as resources programming, or communication between the members of the health team and the patient. They could also allow patients themselves to directly register certain data, be picked up from home monitoring devices, thus becoming a very useful tool in the management of chronic disease and for the prevention and promotion of health. The Government of Catalonia is developing the Personal Health Folder, a space where the Health Department will give the people of Catalonia secure and confidential access to their health information. The Personal Health Folder is within the framework of the Catalonian Shared Clinical History project, which is based on a index system of medical records shared between different personnel, using interoperability tools and is in accordance with the legislation applicable in Catalonia and within its healthcare system. Within the framework of this project and these principles, the Personal Health Folder has the aim to give people responsibility for their own health, allowing them to take part in the management of the preventive actions and care, and to improve the quality of care, and coordination between the different health areas and professionals., (2010 Elsevier España S.L. All rights reserved.)