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2. Progressive Cerebral Venous Thrombosis with Cranial Nerve Palsies in an Adolescent African Girl & Associated Diagnostic Pitfalls: A Rare Case Report

Author

Asfaw YA, Huang H, Taimur M, Anand A, Poudel S, Garg T, Asfaw BA, Abebe BM, Akbariromani H, Lazovic G, and Cueva W

Subjects
cerebral venous thrombosis, meningitis, cranial nerve palsy, systemic infection, neuro-imaging, case report, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Yonathan Aliye Asfaw,1,2 Helen Huang,2,3 Muhammad Taimur,2,4 Ayush Anand,2,5 Sujan Poudel,2 Tulika Garg,2,6 Bethlehem Aliye Asfaw,1,2 Befekadu Molalegn Abebe,1,2 Hanieh Akbariromani,2,7 Gavrilo Lazovic,8 Wilson Cueva9 1Internal Medicine Department, University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA; 3Internal Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; 4Internal Medicine Department, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; 5Internal Medicine Department, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal; 6Internal Medicine Department, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India; 7Internal Medicine Department, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran; 8Department of Emergency Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA; 9Department of Neurology, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USACorrespondence: Yonathan Aliye Asfaw, Internal Medicine Department, University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia, Email dreaminglatee@gmail.comAbstract: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a cerebrovascular disorder caused by complete or partial occlusion of the cerebral venous and sinus system. The etiology has been attributed to hypercoagulability and pro-thrombotic states, leading to raised intracranial pressures that often manifest as headaches and focal neurological deficits. However, the multifactorial nature of CVT can create a diagnostic conundrum for clinicians. We describe a unique case of a 16-year-old female who presented with convulsions, postictal confusion, and drowsiness followed by residual weakness of her extremities. She initially presented to the primary care center with headache, high-grade fever, and altered mental status and was empirically treated for pyogenic meningitis. The patient failed to improve with a week of antibiotics and was referred to the tertiary care center for urgent attention. On presentation, the patient developed VI and VII cranial nerve palsy. Subsequently, MRI images showed filling defects in the superior sagittal, right transverse, and sigmoid sinuses with right parietal gyral T1 hyperintensity and T2 hypo-intensity. She was diagnosed with septic CVT based on sinus venous thrombosis and venous infarction, probably secondary to meningococcal pneumonia. It can be challenging to distinguish between both conditions as their presentations overlap. Moreover, cranial nerve palsy is an infrequent manifestation of CVT, with unclear pathogenesis. We highlight the role of neuro-imaging in the early detection of CVT and bring to light the unfamiliar symptoms and a more varied clinical spectrum that may hinder the diagnosis in a limited-resource setting. Future research should be explicitly modeled to improve the diagnostic efficiency of CVT and improve outcomes in younger patient populations.Keywords: cerebral venous thrombosis, meningitis, cranial nerve palsy, systemic infection, neuro-imaging, case report

Published
2023

3. Pre-treatment with lignocaine and ondansetron for prevention of pain on propofol injection: A prospective, double blinded, randomised comparative study

Author

Rayasam H, Tumulu RR, Tumulu PK, and Garg T

Subjects
propofol, pain on injection, lignocaine, ondansetron, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: Propofol is widely used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia as well as for intensive care unit (ICU) sedation. One of its persistent side effects that still remains of concern today is the vascular pain associated with its injection. It causes significant distress to the patient and interfere with smooth induction of anaesthesia. Various pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions have been done to eliminate pain on propofol injection (POPI). In this study we compared lignocaine and ondansetron in decreasing POPI during intravenous induction of anaesthesia. Material and methods: One hundred adult patients belonging to American society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) physical status I and II, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were selected and randomly allocated in to two groups. Group 1 received intravascular injection of lignocaine 0.1 mg/kg and Group 2 received injection ondansetron 0.1mg/kg as pre-treatment. A tourniquet was put before giving the pre-treatment followed by injection propofol for both the groups. Patients were assessed for pain during injection of propofol. Heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded at peri-induction and postoperatively. Results: The results showed no pain following propofol injection in 54% (Group 1, lignocaine group) and 60% (Group 2, ondansetron group); moderate pain in 10% in both the groups; severe pain in 2% (Group 1) and 6% (Group 2), of the patients. No significant haemodynamic changes were observed in both the groups. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with ondansetron is as effective as lignocaine in reducing POPI.

Published
2022
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6. Electrical properties of RF sputtered PMN-PT thin films on LCMO buffered platinized glass substrate

Author

Garg, T., Kulkarni, A. R., and Venkataramani, N.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Lead based relaxor ferroelectric thin films have been of technological importance due to excellent properties for several commercial applications. However subtleness and high cost of fabrication have plagued of these materials. In this work a systematic study of PMN-PT thin films grown on LCMO buffered platinized glass substrates has been undertaken. The films were grown at room temperature using RF magnetron sputtering. Single phase PMN-PT films could be obtained by exsitu thermal annealing in air for 2h at temperatures 550 and 650 degree C. The films annealed at temperatures lower than 550 degree C and films without buffer layer showed presence of pyrochlore. Effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the PMN-PT films has been investigated. Scanning electron micrographs of single phase PMN-PT films show a bimodal grain size distribution for films annealed at 550 and 650 degree C. A high dielectric constant of 1300 and a remnant polarization (2Pr) of 17micro C/cm2 were observed for film annealed at 650 degree C.

Published
2015

8. Retrospective analysis of surgical management for spontaneous basal ganglia haemorrhage and outcome: A tertiary institute experience

Author

Singh J, Sobti S, Bansal H, Chaudhary A, Sharma S, Chaudhary V, and Garg T

Subjects
basal ganglia, spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage, glasgow coma scale, glasgow outcome score, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: Spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is the most severe type of stroke with high mortality rates. This entity accounts for 17 to 33% of all strokes and is associated with a higher mortality rate. Approximately, 35–50% of patients with ICH die within the 30 days after event. Long-term survivors are often remaining with permanent deficits, with up to 75% suffering permanent disability and only 12% to 39% of the survivors have favourable outcomes. Several studies aiming to explore the efficacy of surgery for patients with ICH have been carried out. However, the results were inconclusive. To provide evidence for clinical practice, here we present a retrospective study to explore the effect of surgery for patients with spontaneous basal ganglia haemorrhage. Methods: The present study was conducted in the Neurosurgery Department of a tertiary care hospital in the Northern part of India from January 2018 to March 2020. Sixty-one patients aged between 20-70 years of basal ganglia haemorrhage who presented within 24 hours of ictus and operated were included in this study. Results: A total of 61 patients underwent surgical intervention consisting of 49 (80%) males and 12 (20%) females. Their age varied from 27 to 70 with mean age ± SD 51.93 ± 13.19 years. Thirty-six patients were ≥ 50 years of age, out of which 72% patients had unfavourable outcomes (GOS 1-3) and 28% had favourable outcome (GOS 4-5). There were 31 patients with GCS 5-8. Most patients (81%) had GOS 1-3(at the time of discharge). Out of 25 patients with GCS 9-12; 64% had GOS 4-5. The patients with volume of haematoma 40-60 ml, 82% patients had GOS 4-5. The patients with midline shift > 5 mm; 78% patients had GOS 1-3. Patients with midline shift < 5 mm; 82% had GOS 4-5 (P=0.005). The mean hospital stays of unfavourable outcomes group was 28.71 ± 10.25 days and of favourable outcomes group was 22.07 ± 6.32 days (0.000). Conclusions: Early surgery (within 6 hours) along with multi-modality medical management has definite positive role in the outcome of patients with spontaneous basal ganglionic haemorrhage. Patients ≥ 50 years, signs of brain herniation, volume of haematoma ≥ 60ml, hydrocephalic dilatation due the intraventricular haemorrhage, midline shift > 5 mm, and GCS ≤ 8 at presentation had poor prognosis.

Published
2020
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10. Structural, optical and magnetic investigations of [CoFe2O4]0.2-[BaTiO3]0.8 core-shell magnetoelectric nanocomposites.

Author

Goyal, Lickmichand M. and Garg, T.

Subjects
*TARGETED drug delivery, *NANOCOMPOSITE materials
Abstract

Magnetoelectric core-shell nanocomposites have drawn significant interest in the field of nano medicine and targeted drug delivery. In this work, we have synthesized CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 nanocomposite by chemical route and carried out their structural, optical and magnetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. The cascade of care for household contacts of people with drug-resistant TB

Author

Gomes, I., primary, Garg, T., additional, Churchyard, G., additional, Gupta, A, additional, Hesseling, A. C., additional, Swindells, S., additional, Gurupira, W., additional, Martel, B., additional, Mbata, L., additional, Patil, S., additional, Riviere, C., additional, Tonquin, M., additional, Dowdy, D., additional, and Sohn, H., additional

Published
2023
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24. Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980–2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2020, release 1

Author

Galles N. C., Liu P. Y., Updike R. L., Fullman N., Nguyen J., Rolfe S., Sbarra A. N., Schipp M. F., Marks A., Abady G. G., Abbas K. M., Abbasi S. W., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdoli A., Abolhassani H., Abosetugn A. E., Adabi M., Adamu A. A., Adetokunboh O. O., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal S., Aghamir S. M. K., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed M. B., Ahmed Rashid T., Ahmed Salih Y., Akalu Y., Aklilu A., Akunna C. J., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Albano L., Alemayehu Y., Alene K. A., Al-Eyadhy A., Alhassan R. K., Ali L., Aljunid S. M., Almustanyir S., Altirkawi K. A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amu H., Andrei C. L., Andrei T., Ansar A., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antonazzo I. C., Antony B., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Artanti K. D., Arulappan J., Awan A. T., Awoke M. A., Ayza M. A., Azarian G., Azzam A. Y., B D. B., Babar Z. -U. -D., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Bante S. A., Barnighausen T. W., Barqawi H. J., Barrow A., Bassat Q., Bayarmagnai N., Bejarano Ramirez D. F., Bekuma T. T., Belay H. G., Belgaumi U. I., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bibi S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Boloor A., Braithwaite D., Buonsenso D., Butt Z. A., Camargos P., Carreras G., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Chakinala R. C., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu S. K., Chattu V. K., Chowdhury F. R., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cortesi P. A., Costa V. M., Couto R. A. S., Dadras O., Dagnew A. B., Dagnew B., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., De Neve J. -W., Derbew Molla M., Derseh B. T., Desai R., Desta A. A., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dorostkar F., Edem B., Edinur H. A., Eftekharzadeh S., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Elsharkawy A., Enany S., Erkhembayar R., Esezobor C. I., Eskandarieh S., Ezeonwumelu I. J., Ezzikouri S., Fares J., Faris P. S., Feleke B. E., Ferede T. Y., Fernandes E., Fernandes J. C., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Francis M. R., Fukumoto T., Gad M. M., Gaidhane S., Gallus S., Garg T., Geberemariyam B. S., Gebre T., Gebregiorgis B. G., Gebremedhin K. B., Gebremichael B., Gessner B. D., Ghadiri K., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S. A., Glavan I. -R., Glushkova E. V., Golechha M., Gonfa K. B., Gopalani S. V., Goudarzi H., Gubari M. I. M., Guo Y., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Gutierrez R. A., Haeuser E., Halwani R., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harapan H., Hargono A., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassanein M. H., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Hegazy M. I., Heidari G., Hezam K., Holla R., Hoque M. E., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Hsieh V. C. -R., Huang J., Humayun A., Hussain R., Hussein N. R., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Inamdar S., Iqbal U., Irham L. M., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Ismail N. E., Itumalla R., Jha R. P., Joukar F., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalhor R., Kamal Z., Kamande S. M., Kandel H., Karch A., Kassahun G., Kassebaum N. J., Katoto P. D., Kelkay B., Kengne A. P., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khalil I. A., Khan E. A., Khan G., Khan J., Khan M., Khan M. A., Khang Y. -H., Khoja A. T., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Korshunov V. A., Kosen S., Kuate Defo B., Kulkarni V., Kumar A., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kwarteng A., La Vecchia C., Lami F. H., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lassi Z. S., Lee H., Lee Y. Y., Levi M., Lewycka S., Li S., Liu X., Lobo S. W., Lopukhov P. D., Lozano R., Lutzky Saute R., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Makki A., Malik A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martins-Melo F. R., Matthews P. C., Medina J. R. C., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. G., Mesregah M. K., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Milne G. J., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H. R., Misra S., Mithra P., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamed T. A., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed A., Mohammed S., Mohapatra A., Mokdad A. H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moni M. A., Montasir A. A., Moore C. E., Moradi G., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mueller U. O., Munro S. B., Naghavi M., Naimzada M. D., Naveed M., Nayak B. P., Negoi I., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen T. H., Nikbakhsh R., Ningrum D. N. A., Nixon M. R., Nnaji C. A., Noubiap J. J., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V. E., Oancea B., Ochir C., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Onwujekwe O. E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., Padubidri J. R., Pakshir K., Park E. -C., Pashazadeh Kan F., Pathak M., Paudel R., Pawar S., Pereira J., Peres M. F. P., Perianayagam A., Pinheiro M., Pirestani M., Podder V., Polibin R. V., Pollok R. C. G., Postma M. J., Pottoo F. H., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahmani A. M., Rahmawaty S., Rajesh A., Ramshaw R. E., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezai M. S., Rios-Blancas M., Rogowski E. L. B., Ronfani L., Rwegerera G. M., Saad A. M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M. A., Salam N., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saxena D., Saxena S., Seidu A. -A., Seylani A., Shaikh M. A., Shamsizadeh M., Shetty P. H., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Sidemo N. B., Singh A., Singh J. A., Sinha S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soheili A., Tadesse E. G., Tamiru A. T., Tan K. -K., Tekalegn Y., Temsah M. -H., Thakur B., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Tobe-Gai R., Tohidinik H. R., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tripathi M., Tsegaye B., Tsegaye G. W., Ullah A., Ullah S., Unim B., Vacante M., Velazquez D. Z., Vo B., Vollmer S., Vu G. T., Vu L. G., Waheed Y., Winkler A. S., Wiysonge C. S., Yigit V., Yirdaw B. W., Yon D. K., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yuce D., Yunusa I., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zewdie D. T., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zumla A., Murray C. J. L., Lim S. S., Mosser J. F., Aghamir S., Sahraian M., Mansournia M., Mirzaei H., Temsah M., Andrei C., Glavan I., Antonazzo I., Singh Mtech A., Padubidri J., Babar Z., De Neve J., Noubiap J., Chakinala R., Chattu S., Chattu V., Chu D., Chung S., Kumar G., Gilani S., Gupta V., Hargono Dr A., Islam S., Hsieh V., Irvani S. N., Ismail N., Khang Y., Yon D., Kim G., Park E., Shin J., Kim M., Kim Y., Lee Y., Medina J. C., Naimzada M., Rahmani A., Rezai M., Rao S., Saeb M., Seidu A., Tan K., Tohidinik H., Zhang Z., Galles, N, Liu, P, Updike, R, Fullman, N, Nguyen, J, Rolfe, S, Sbarra, A, Schipp, M, Marks, A, Abady, G, Abbas, K, Abbasi, S, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Adabi, M, Adamu, A, Adetokunboh, O, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, S, Aghamir, S, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, M, Ahmed Rashid, T, Ahmed Salih, Y, Akalu, Y, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Albano, L, Alemayehu, Y, Alene, K, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Aljunid, S, Almustanyir, S, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amu, H, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Ansar, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonazzo, I, Antony, B, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Artanti, K, Arulappan, J, Awan, A, Awoke, M, Ayza, M, Azarian, G, Azzam, A, B, D, Babar, Z, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Bante, S, Barnighausen, T, Barqawi, H, Barrow, A, Bassat, Q, Bayarmagnai, N, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Bekuma, T, Belay, H, Belgaumi, U, Bhagavathula, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Boloor, A, Braithwaite, D, Buonsenso, D, Butt, Z, Camargos, P, Carreras, G, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Chakinala, R, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, F, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Couto, R, Dadras, O, Dagnew, A, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De Neve, J, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, B, Desai, R, Desta, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Edem, B, Edinur, H, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Erkhembayar, R, Esezobor, C, Eskandarieh, S, Ezeonwumelu, I, Ezzikouri, S, Fares, J, Faris, P, Feleke, B, Ferede, T, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Francis, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, S, Gallus, S, Garg, T, Geberemariyam, B, Gebre, T, Gebregiorgis, B, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremichael, B, Gessner, B, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Glavan, I, Glushkova, E, Golechha, M, Gonfa, K, Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, Gubari, M, Guo, Y, Gupta, V, Gutierrez, R, Haeuser, E, Halwani, R, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassanein, M, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Heidari, G, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hoque, M, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Hsieh, V, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hussein, N, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inamdar, S, Iqbal, U, Irham, L, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Ismail, N, Itumalla, R, Jha, R, Joukar, F, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalhor, R, Kamal, Z, Kamande, S, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Kassahun, G, Kassebaum, N, Katoto, P, Kelkay, B, Kengne, A, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khoja, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, G, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Korshunov, V, Kosen, S, Kuate Defo, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, A, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kwarteng, A, La Vecchia, C, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lee, H, Lee, Y, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, S, Liu, X, Lobo, S, Lopukhov, P, Lozano, R, Lutzky Saute, R, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Makki, A, Malik, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martins-Melo, F, Matthews, P, Medina, J, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mesregah, M, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Milne, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamed, T, Mohammad, K, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, S, Mohapatra, A, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, M, Montasir, A, Moore, C, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mueller, U, Munro, S, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Naveed, M, Nayak, B, Negoi, I, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, T, Nikbakhsh, R, Ningrum, D, Nixon, M, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nwatah, V, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Ogbo, F, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Pathak, M, Paudel, R, Pawar, S, Pereira, J, Peres, M, Perianayagam, A, Pinheiro, M, Pirestani, M, Podder, V, Polibin, R, Pollok, R, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmawaty, S, Rajesh, A, Ramshaw, R, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Rios-Blancas, M, Rogowski, E, Ronfani, L, Rwegerera, G, Saad, A, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Salam, N, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Seidu, A, Seylani, A, Shaikh, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shetty, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Sidemo, N, Singh, A, Singh, J, Sinha, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soheili, A, Tadesse, E, Tamiru, A, Tan, K, Tekalegn, Y, Temsah, M, Thakur, B, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Tobe-Gai, R, Tohidinik, H, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, B, Tsegaye, G, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Vacante, M, Velazquez, D, Vo, B, Vollmer, S, Vu, G, Vu, L, Waheed, Y, Winkler, A, Wiysonge, C, Yigit, V, Yirdaw, B, Yon, D, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yunusa, I, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zewdie, D, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zumla, A, Murray, C, Lim, S, Mosser, J, Singh Mtech, A, Hargono Dr, A, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Tampere University, Health Sciences, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Abbas, Kaja [0000-0003-0563-1576], Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, and GBD 2020, Release 1, Vaccine Coverage Collaborators

Subjects
Vaccine coverage, Vacunación de rutina, Time Factors, Vaccination Coverage, Global Plan of Action on Vaccines, Service delivery framework, IMPACT, Global Health, Cobertura de vacunas, Routine childhood vaccination, Global Burden of Disease, Public Health, Underserved Population, Polio vaccine, 0302 clinical medicine, WORLDWIDE, Routine immunisation, Global health, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, General Medicine, Articles, childhood vaccination, GBD, Plan de Acción Mundial sobre Vacunas, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, ddc, Vaccination, Poliovirus Vaccines, Action plan, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Vacunación infantil, MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA, 030231 tropical medicine, Measles Vaccine, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, Environmental health, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE, VALIDITY, Vaccination approaches, PROGRESS, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine, CONFLICT, Equity (economics), Science & Technology, business.industry, MORTALITY, GBD 2020, Release 1, Vaccine Coverage Collaborators, Global burden of disease, injury and risk factors, Child vaccination, Global vaccine policies, Políticas mundiales de vacunación, Carga global de enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo, Global vaccination policies, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Childhood vaccination, Measles vaccine, Routine vaccination, business, Vaccine programme implementation
Abstract

Medir la vacunación infantil de rutina es crucial para informar las políticas mundiales de vacunación y la implementación de programas, y para hacer un seguimiento del progreso hacia los objetivos establecidos por el Plan de Acción Mundial sobre Vacunas (GVAP) y la Agenda de Inmunización 2030. Se necesitan estimaciones sólidas de la cobertura de vacunación de rutina para identificar los éxitos pasados ​​y persistentes. vulnerabilidades. A partir del Estudio de la carga global de enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo (GBD) 2020, versión 1, realizamos un análisis sistemático de las tendencias de cobertura de vacunas a nivel mundial, regional y nacional utilizando un marco estadístico, por vacuna y a lo largo del tiempo. Métodos Para este análisis recopilamos 55 326 observaciones específicas del país, de la cohorte, del año, de la vacuna y de la dosis de la cobertura de vacunación infantil de rutina entre 1980 y 2019. Utilizando el proceso de regresión gaussiana espaciotemporal, Estimaciones específicas por año de 11 indicadores de cobertura de vacunación infantil de rutina para 204 países y territorios desde 1980 hasta 2019, ajustando los sesgos en los datos informados por los países y reflejando los desabastecimientos informados y las interrupciones en el suministro. Analizamos las tendencias mundiales y regionales en la cobertura y el número de niños con dosis cero (definidos como aquellos que nunca recibieron una dosis de vacuna contra la difteria, el tétanos y la tos ferina [DTP]), el progreso hacia los objetivos del GVAP y la relación entre la cobertura de la vacuna y el desarrollo sociodemográfico. Recomendaciones Para 2019, la cobertura mundial de la tercera dosis de DTP (DTP3; 81,6 % [intervalo de incertidumbre del 95 % 80,4–82,7]) se duplicó con creces con respecto a los niveles estimados en 1980 (39,9 % [37,5–42 ·1]), al igual que la cobertura mundial de la vacuna antisarampionosa de primera dosis (MCV1; del 38,5 % [35,4–41,3] en 1980 al 83,6 % [82,3–84,8 ] en 2019). La cobertura de la vacuna antipoliomielítica de tercera dosis (Pol3) también aumentó, del 42,6 % (41,4–44,1) en 1980 al 79,8 % (78,4–81,1) en 2019, y la cobertura mundial de vacunas más nuevas Las vacunas aumentaron rápidamente entre 2000 y 2019. La cantidad mundial de niños que recibieron dosis cero se redujo en casi un 75 % entre 1980 y 2019, de 56,8 millones (52,6–60,9) a 14,5 millones (13,4– 15·9). Sin embargo, durante la última década, la cobertura mundial de vacunas se estabilizó en general; 94 países y territorios registraron una disminución de la cobertura de DTP3 desde 2010. Se estimó que solo 11 países y territorios alcanzaron el objetivo nacional del GVAP de al menos una cobertura del 90 % para todas las vacunas evaluadas en 2019. Interpretación Después de lograr grandes avances en la cobertura de vacunación infantil en todo el mundo, en gran parte del mundo este progreso se estancó o se revirtió de 2010 a 2019. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de revisar las estrategias de inmunización de rutina y los enfoques programáticos, centrando la prestación de servicios en torno a la equidad y las poblaciones desatendidas. Fortalecer los datos de vacunas y los sistemas de monitoreo es crucial para estas actividades, ahora y hasta 2030, para garantizar que todos los niños tengan acceso y puedan beneficiarse de las vacunas que salvan vidas. Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. Methods For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dose-specific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in country-reported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. Findings By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81·6% [95% uncertainty interval 80·4–82·7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39·9% [37·5–42·1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38·5% [35·4–41·3] in 1980 to 83·6% [82·3–84·8] in 2019). Third-dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42·6% (41·4–44·1) in 1980 to 79·8% (78·4–81·1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56·8 million (52·6–60·9) to 14·5 million (13·4–15·9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. Interpretation After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines.

Published
2021

25. Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Lozano, R., Haakenstad, A., Yearwood, J. A., Fullman, N., Bintz, C., Bienhoff, K., Weaver, M. R., Nandakumar, V., Joffe, J. N., LeGrand, K. E., Knight, M., Abbafati, C., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abdoli, A., Zuniga, R. A. A., Adedeji, I. A., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O. O., Afzal, M. S., Afzal, S., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, S., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadi, S., Ahmed, A., Rashid, T. A., Aji, B., Akande-Sholabi, W., Alam, K., Al Hamad, H., Alhassan, R. K., Ali, L., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Ameyaw, E. K., Amin, T. T., Amu, H., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Andrade, P. P., Anjum, A., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Ariffin, H., Arulappan, J., Aryan, Z., Ashraf, T., Atnafu, D. D., Atreya, A., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Azari, S., Badiye, A. D., Baig, A. A., Bairwa, M., Bakkannavar, S. M., Baliga, S., Banik, P. C., Barnighausen, T. W., Barra, F., Barrow, A., Basu, S., Bayati, M., Belete, R., Bell, A. W., Bhagat, D. S., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhardwaj, N., Bhaskar, S., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z. A., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Bolarinwa, O. A., Bonny, A., Brenner, H., Buonsenso, D., Burkart, K., Busse, R., Butt, Z. A., Butt, N. S., dos Santos, F. L. C., Cahuana Hurtado, Lucero, Camera, Luis Alberto, Cardenas, R., Carneiro, V. L. A., Catala-Lopez, F., Chandan, J. S., Charan, J., Chavan, P. P., Chen, S. M., Chen, S., Choudhari, S. G., Chowdhury, E. K., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Cirillo, M., Corso, B., Dadras, O., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Dai, X. C., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Dangel, W. J., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., Deuba, K., Dhimal, M., Dhimal, M. L., Djalalinia, S., Do, H. P., Doshmangir, L., Duncan, B. B., Effiong, A., Ehsani-Chimeh, E., Elgendy, I. Y., Elhadi, M., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., Erku, D. A., Eskandarieh, S., Fares, J., Farzadfar, F., Ferrero, S., Desideri, L. F., Fischer, F., Foigt, N. A., Foroutan, M., Fukumoto, T., Gaal, P. A., Gaihre, S., Gardner, W. 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L., GBD 2019 Healthcare Access Quality, Clinicum, Department of Neurosciences, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Haakenstad, Annie, Yearwood, Jamal Akeem, Fullman, Nancy, Bintz, Corinne, Bienhoff, Kelly, Weaver, Marcia R, Nandakumar, Vishnu, Joffe, Jonah N, Legrand, Kate E, Knight, Megan, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abdoli, Amir, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agudelo-Botero, Marcela, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Aji, Budi, Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola, Alam, Khurshid, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Liaqat, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Amu, Hubert, Amugsi, Dickson A, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrade, Pedro Prata, Anjum, Afifa, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariffin, Hany, Arulappan, Judie, Aryan, Zahra, Ashraf, Tahira, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baig, Atif Amin, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Baliga, Shrikala, Banik, Palash Chandra, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Basu, Sanjay, Bayati, Mohsen, Belete, Rebuma, Bell, Arielle Wilder, Bhagat, Devidas S, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bibi, Sadia, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Bori, Biondi, Antonio, Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi, Bonny, Aime, Brenner, Hermann, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burkart, Katrin, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carneiro, Vera L A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chandan, Joht Singh, Charan, Jaykaran, Chavan, Prachi P, Chen, Simiao, Chen, Shu, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir, Cirillo, Massimo, Corso, Barbara, Dadras, Omid, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William Jame, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davletov, Kairat, Deuba, Keshab, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Doshmangir, Leila, Duncan, Bruce B, Effiong, Andem, Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham, Elgendy, Islam Y, Elhadi, Muhammed, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Erku, Daniel Asfaw, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Fares, Jawad, Farzadfar, Farshad, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foroutan, Masoud, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gaal, Peter Andra, Gaihre, Santosh, Gardner, William M, Garg, Tushar, Getachew Obsa, Abera, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghith, Nermin, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Guadamuz, Jenny S, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajat Da, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gupta, Veer Bala, Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad, Hanif, Asif, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasan, M Tasdik, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hay, Simon I, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Mohammad, Heidari, Golnaz, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Holla, Ramesh, Hossain, Sahadat, Hossain, Sheikh Jamal, Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Junjie, Huda, M Mamun, Ifeagwu, Susan C, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Rakibul M, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso, Hiroyasu, Isola, Gaetano, Itumalla, Ramaiah, Iwagami, Masao, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Rajesh, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B, Joo, Tama, Joseph, Nitin, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Aruna M, Kamenov, Kaloyan, Kandel, Himal, Kantar, Rami S, Kapoor, Neeti, Karanikolos, Marina, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kavetskyy, Tara, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Moien AB, Khan, Maseer, Khezeli, Mehdi, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Klymchuk, Vitalii, Koly, Kamrun Nahar, Korzh, Oleksii, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, Lee, Chiachi Bonnie, Li, Shanshan, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra, Majeed, Azeem, Makki, Alaa, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Martinez-Valle, Adolfo, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maude, Richard Jame, Maulik, Pallab K, Mckee, Martin, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Misra, Sanjeev, Moazen, Babak, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moitra, Modhurima, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moradi, Ghobad, Moreira, Rafael Silveira, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mouodi, Simin, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagata, Chie, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nangia, Vinay, Narasimha Swamy, Sreeniva, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nascimento, Bruno Ramo, Nassereldine, Hasan, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nazari, Javad, Negoi, Ionut, Nepal, Samata, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Noubiap, Jean Jacque, Oancea, Bogdan, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Emad, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Otoiu, Adrian, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pardhan, Shahina, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Pathak, Praveen Kumar, Patton, George C, Pawar, Shrikant, Pereira, Jeevan, Pilania, Manju, Piroozi, Bakhtiar, Podder, Vivek, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J, Prada, Sergio I, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Navid, Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Renzaho, Andre M N, Reshmi, Bhageerathy, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezapour, Aziz, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ripon, Rezaul Karim, Sacco, Simona, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeed, Umar, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahiledengle, Biniyam, Sahoo, Harihar, Sahu, Maitreyi, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sathian, Brijesh, Sawhney, Monika, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Seylani, Allen, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Shetty, Adithi, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shivakumar, K M, Shokri, Azad, Singh, Jasvinder A, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad, Sousa, Raúl A R C, Stephens, Jacqueline H, Sun, Jing, Szócska, Mikló, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadbiri, Hooman, Tamiru, Animut Tagele, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tripathi, Niharika, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Troeger, Christopher E, Uezono, Deinzel Roble, Ullah, Saif, Ullah, Anayat, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Vacante, Marco, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valdez, Pascual R, Vasic, Milena, Veroux, Massimiliano, Vervoort, Dominique, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Bay, Waheed, Yasir, Wamai, Richard G, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wang, Yanzhong, Ward, Paul, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Yadav, Lalit, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yi, Siyan, Yiğit, Vahit, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Lim, Stephen S, Murray, Christopher J L, Lozano, Rafael, Haakenstad, A, Yearwood, J, Fullman, N, Bintz, C, Bienhoff, K, Weaver, M, Nandakumar, V, Joffe, J, Legrand, K, Knight, M, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abeldano Zuniga, R, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed Rashid, T, Aji, B, Akande-Sholabi, W, Alam, K, Al Hamad, H, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Ameyaw, E, Amin, T, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Andrade, P, Anjum, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ariffin, H, Arulappan, J, Aryan, Z, Ashraf, T, Atnafu, D, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Badiye, A, Baig, A, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, S, Baliga, S, Banik, P, Barnighausen, T, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Belete, R, Bell, A, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhardwaj, N, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Bolarinwa, O, Bonny, A, Brenner, H, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Butt, N, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Cardenas, R, Carneiro, V, Catala-Lopez, F, Chandan, J, Charan, J, Chavan, P, Chen, S, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, E, Chowdhury, M, Cirillo, M, Corso, B, Dadras, O, Dahlawi, S, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dangel, W, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, Deuba, K, Dhimal, M, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doshmangir, L, Duncan, B, Effiong, A, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Erku, D, Eskandarieh, S, Fares, J, Farzadfar, F, Ferrero, S, Ferro Desideri, L, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gaal, P, Gaihre, S, Gardner, W, Garg, T, Getachew Obsa, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gilani, S, Gill, P, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Guadamuz, J, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Hamiduzzaman, M, Hanif, A, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hashi, A, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, M, Heidari, G, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hossain, S, Hossain, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hoveidamanesh, S, Hsieh, V, Hu, G, Huang, J, Huda, M, Ifeagwu, S, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Irvani, S, Islam, R, Islam, S, Ismail, N, Iso, H, Isola, G, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jahani, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, R, Jakovljevic, M, Janodia, M, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamenov, K, Kandel, H, Kantar, R, Kapoor, N, Karanikolos, M, Katikireddi, S, Kavetskyy, T, Kawakami, N, Kayode, G, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khezeli, M, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Klymchuk, V, Koly, K, Korzh, O, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kusuma, D, Kyu, H, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Lee, C, Li, S, Lucchetti, G, Mahajan, P, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Malta, D, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martinez-Valle, A, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Mathur, M, Maude, R, Maulik, P, Mckee, M, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Michalek, I, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moitra, M, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, M, Moradi, G, Moreira, R, Mosser, J, Mostafavi, E, Mouodi, S, Nagarajan, A, Nagata, C, Naghavi, M, Nangia, V, Narasimha Swamy, S, Narayana, A, Nascimento, B, Nassereldine, H, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Nepal, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, C, Ningrum, D, Noubiap, J, Oancea, B, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Onwujekwe, O, Otoiu, A, Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandi-Perumal, S, Pardhan, S, Pasupula, D, Pathak, P, Patton, G, Pawar, S, Pereira, J, Pilania, M, Piroozi, B, Podder, V, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Prada, S, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, N, Radhakrishnan, R, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ranabhat, C, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Renzaho, A, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ripon, R, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Sahiledengle, B, Sahoo, H, Sahu, M, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Schmidt, M, Seidu, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Shaikh, M, Sheikh, A, Shetty, A, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shivakumar, K, Shokri, A, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Sousa, R, Stephens, J, Sun, J, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadbiri, H, Tamiru, A, Thankappan, K, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, M, Tran, B, Tripathi, N, Tripathy, J, Troeger, C, Uezono, D, Ullah, S, Ullah, A, Unnikrishnan, B, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Vasic, M, Veroux, M, Vervoort, D, Violante, F, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Wiangkham, T, Yadav, L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yi, S, Yigit, V, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zuniga, Y, Lim, S, Murray, C, Lozano, R, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, King Edward Medical University (Pakistán), Kuwait University (Kuwait), Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, University of Aberdeen (Reino Unido), Novo Nordisk Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungria), National Records of Scotland (Reino Unido), Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), Scottish Government (Reino Unido), Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University (Bangladesh), Xiamen University Malaysia (Malasia), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Ministero della Salute (Italia), Fondazione IRCCS. Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, King College London, IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo (Italia), Edwards Lifesciences Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa (España), Government of Catalonia (España), International Center of Medical Sciences Research (Pakistán), Ain Shams University (Egipto), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - CIBERSAM (Salud Mental), INCLIVA Health Research Institute (España), Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Australian Government, and Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia)

Subjects
Adult, Adolescent, Population, Global Health, Health Services Accessibility, Global Burden of Disease, Health system quality, Young Adult, Nations, Health systems, health care access, Risk Factors, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, Humans, Child, Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, Health-care access, Aged, Quality of Health Care, quality, performance, The Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Risk Factor, Infant, Newborn, Infant, eu-repo/semantics/review [info], Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Health-care quality, Middle Aged, 3141 Health care science, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Indicator, Medical-care, Child, Preschool, Deaths, Amenable mortality, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Age groups, Trends, Human
Abstract

Background: Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0-74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0-14 years), working (ages 15-64 years), and post-working (ages 65-74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. Findings: Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19·6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17·9-21·3), as well as among the young (22·5, 19·9-24·7), working (17·2, 15·2-19·1), and post-working (15·1, 13·2-17·0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with the overall index ranging from 30·7 (28·6-33·0) on average in low-SDI countries to 83·4 (82·4-84·3) on average in high-SDI countries. Similarly large ranges between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40·4-89·0), working (33·8-82·8), and post-working (30·4-79·1) groups. Absolute convergence in HAQ Index was estimated in the young group only. In contrast, divergence was estimated among the working and post-working groups, driven by slow progress in low-SDI countries. Interpretation: Although major gaps remain across levels of social and economic development, convergence in the young group is an encouraging sign of reduced disparities in health-care access and quality. However, divergence in the working and post-working groups indicates that health-care access and quality is lagging at lower levels of social and economic development. To meet the needs of ageing populations, health systems need to improve health-care access and quality for working-age adults and older populations while continuing to realise gains among the young. O Adetokunboh acknowledges support from Department of Science and Innovation and National Research Foundation. S Afzal acknowledges the institutional support of King Edward Medical University. S Aljunid acknowledges Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, Health Science Centre, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. M Ausloos, C Herteliu, and A Pana acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu also acknowledges partial support by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. T Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. B Bikbov acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 703226. Institute of Applied Health Sciences; School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland. The salary for N Ghith is covered by a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0021856). V B Gupta acknowledges funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia. V K Gupta acknowledges funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia. T Joo acknowledges support from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary under grant RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006 (Data-driven Health Division of Health Security National Laboratory). S Vittal Katikireddi acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). M N Khan acknowledges the support of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Y J Kim acknowledges support from the Research Management Centre Xiamen University Malaysia [XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004]. G Lucchetti is a grantee of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Research Productivity - Level 1D. L Mantovani acknowledges support by Italian Ministry of Health Ricerca Corrente - IRCCS Multimedica. M Molokhia acknowledges support by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. L Monasta reports support for the present manuscript from the Italian Ministry of Health on project Ricerca Corrente 34/2017 and payments made to the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo. R Moreira acknowledges the CNPQ productivity grant (316607/2021-5). B R Nascimento is partially supported by CNPq (Research Productivity Grant, 312382/2019-7), the Edwards Lifesciences Foundation (Improving the prevention and detection of Heart Valve disease across the Lifespan, 2021), and FAPEMIG (grant APQ-000627-20). J R Padubidri acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India for their constant support in conducting research. D Rasella reports financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency through the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023 programme (CEX2018-000806-S), and financial support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the Centres de Recerca de Catalunya programme. U Saeed would like to acknowledge the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad (44000), Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges the support from Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. U Saeed would like to acknowledge Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for supporting research activities. R T-S is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBERSAM, INCLIVA (PID2021-129099OB-I00). D Vervoort is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship. S B Zaman acknowledges receiving a scholarship from the Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) in support of his academic career. Serbian part of this GBD contribution was co-financed through Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of The Republic of Serbia. This work was supported, in whole or in part, by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1152504. Under the grant conditions of the Foundation, a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License has already been assigned to the Author Accepted Manuscript version that might arise from this submission. Sí

Published
2022

40. Abstract No. 293 EmboMetrix: a novel multiparametric benchtop model for real-time and simultaneous flow, pressure, and imaging assessment of transarterial embolization procedures

Author

Gowda, P., primary, Weinstein, R., additional, Senarathna, J., additional, Bhargava, A., additional, Stewart, R., additional, Pond, S., additional, Mehta, T., additional, Garg, T., additional, Gong, A., additional, Khalil, A., additional, Pathak, A., additional, and Weiss, C., additional

Published
2022
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42. Retrospective analysis of surgical management for spontaneous basal ganglia haemorrhage and outcome: A tertiary institute experience

Author

Chaudhary A, Seema Sharma, Chaudhary, Singh J, Sobti S, Bansal H, and Garg T

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (General), R5-920, business.industry, glasgow coma scale, basal ganglia, glasgow outcome score, medicine, Retrospective analysis, spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage, business, Basal ganglia haemorrhage, Surgery
Abstract

Background: Spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is the most severe type of stroke with high mortality rates. This entity accounts for 17 to 33% of all strokes and is associated with a higher mortality rate. Approximately, 35–50% of patients with ICH die within the 30 days after event. Long-term survivors are often remaining with permanent deficits, with up to 75% suffering permanent disability and only 12% to 39% of the survivors have favourable outcomes. Several studies aiming to explore the efficacy of surgery for patients with ICH have been carried out. However, the results were inconclusive. To provide evidence for clinical practice, here we present a retrospective study to explore the effect of surgery for patients with spontaneous basal ganglia haemorrhage. Methods: The present study was conducted in the Neurosurgery Department of a tertiary care hospital in the Northern part of India from January 2018 to March 2020. Sixty-one patients aged between 20-70 years of basal ganglia haemorrhage who presented within 24 hours of ictus and operated were included in this study. Results: A total of 61 patients underwent surgical intervention consisting of 49 (80%) males and 12 (20%) females. Their age varied from 27 to 70 with mean age ± SD 51.93 ± 13.19 years. Thirty-six patients were ≥ 50 years of age, out of which 72% patients had unfavourable outcomes (GOS 1-3) and 28% had favourable outcome (GOS 4-5). There were 31 patients with GCS 5-8. Most patients (81%) had GOS 1-3(at the time of discharge). Out of 25 patients with GCS 9-12; 64% had GOS 4-5. The patients with volume of haematoma 40-60 ml, 82% patients had GOS 4-5. The patients with midline shift > 5 mm; 78% patients had GOS 1-3. Patients with midline shift < 5 mm; 82% had GOS 4-5 (P=0.005). The mean hospital stays of unfavourable outcomes group was 28.71 ± 10.25 days and of favourable outcomes group was 22.07 ± 6.32 days (0.000). Conclusions: Early surgery (within 6 hours) along with multi-modality medical management has definite positive role in the outcome of patients with spontaneous basal ganglionic haemorrhage. Patients ≥ 50 years, signs of brain herniation, volume of haematoma ≥ 60ml, hydrocephalic dilatation due the intraventricular haemorrhage, midline shift > 5 mm, and GCS ≤ 8 at presentation had poor prognosis.

Published
2020

43. Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

Author

Micah A, Cogswell I, Cunningham B, Ezoe S, Harle A, Maddison E, McCracken D, Nomura S, Simpson K, Stutzman H, Tsakalos G, Wallace L, Zhao Y, Zende R, Abbafati C, Abdelmasseh M, Abedi A, Abegaz K, Abhilash E, Abolhassani H, Abrigo M, Adhikari T, Afzal S, Ahinkorah B, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed M, Rashid T, Ajami M, Aji B, Akalu Y, Akunna C, Al Hamad H, Alam K, Alanezi F, Alanzi T, Alemayehu Y, Alhassan R, Alinia C, Aljunid S, Almustanyir S, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk N, Amini S, Amini-Rarani M, Amu H, Ancuceanu R, Andrei C, Andrei T, Angell B, Anjomshoa M, Antonio C, Antony C, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aripov T, Arrigo A, Ashraf T, Atnafu D, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Awan A, Ayano G, Ayanore M, Azari S, Azhar G, Babalola T, Bahrami M, Baig A, Banach M, Barati N, Barnighausen T, Barrow A, Basu S, Baune B, Bayati M, Benzian H, Berman A, Bhagavathula A, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bibi S, Bijani A, Bodolica V, Bragazzi N, Braithwaite D, Breitborde N, Breusov A, Briko N, Busse R, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Callander E, Camera L, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Catala-Lopez F, Charan J, Chatterjee S, Chattu S, Chattu V, Chen S, Cicero A, Dadras O, Dahlawi S, Dai X, Dalal K, Dandona L, Dandona R, Davitoiu D, De Neve J, de Sa A, Denova-Gutierrez E, Dhamnetiya D, Dharmaratne S, Doshmangir L, Dube J, Ehsani-Chimeh E, Zaki M, El Tantawi M, Eskandarieh S, Farzadfar F, Ferede T, Fischer F, Foigt N, Freitas A, Friedman S, Fukumoto T, Fullman N, Gaal P, Gad M, Garcia-Gordillo M, Garg T, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Ghozali G, Gilani S, Glavan I, Glushkova E, Goharinezhad S, Golechha M, Goli S, Guha A, Gupta V, Haakenstad A, Haider M, Hailu A, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Harapan H, Hartono R, Hasaballah A, Hassan S, Hassanein M, Hayat K, Hegazy M, Heidari G, Hendrie D, Heredia-Pi I, Herteliu C, Hezam K, Holla R, Hossain S, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc S, Huda T, Hwang B, Iavicoli I, Idrisov B, Ilesanmi O, Irvani S, Islam S, Ismail N, Isola G, Jahani M, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Janodia M, Javaheri T, Jayapal S, Jayawardena R, Jazayeri S, Jha R, Jonas J, Joo T, Joukar F, Jurisson M, Kaambwa B, Kalhor R, Kanchan T, Kandel H, Matin B, Karimi S, Kassahun G, Kayode G, Karyani A, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Khader Y, Khajuria H, Khalilov R, Khammarnia M, Khan J, Khubchandani J, Kianipour N, Kim G, Kim Y, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kohler S, Kosen S, Koteeswaran R, Laxminarayana S, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kumar G, Kusuma D, Lamnisos D, Lansingh V, Larsson A, Lasrado S, Le L, Lee S, Lee Y, Lim S, Lobo S, Lozano R, Abd El Razek H, Abd El Razek M, Mahdavi M, Majeed A, Makki A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Manda A, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansournia M, Arnedo C, Martinez-Valle A, Masoumi S, Maude R, Mckee M, Medina-Solis C, Menezes R, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mesregah M, Mestrovic T, Kostova N, Miller T, Mini G, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov E, Mohajer B, Mohamed T, Mohammadi M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Moitra M, Mokdad A, Molokhia M, Moni M, Moradi Y, Morze J, Mousavi S, Mpundu-Kaambwa C, Muriithi M, Muthupandian S, Nagarajan A, Naimzada M, Nangia V, Naqvi A, Narayana A, Nascimento B, Naveed M, Nayak B, Nazari J, Ndejjo R, Negoi I, Kandel S, Nguyen T, Nonvignon J, Noubiap J, Nwatah V, Oancea B, Ojelabi F, Olagunju A, Olakunde B, Olgiati S, Olusanya J, Onwujekwe O, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov S, Owolabi M, Padubidri J, Palladino R, Panda-Jonas S, Park E, Kan F, Pawar S, Toroudi H, Pereira D, Perianayagam A, Pesudovs K, Piccinelli C, Postma M, Prada S, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahmani A, Ram U, Ranabhat C, Ranasinghe P, Rao C, Rathi P, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Reiner R, Renzaho A, Reshmi B, Riaz M, Ripon R, Saad A, Sahraian M, Sahu M, Salama J, Salehi S, Samy A, Sanabria J, Sanmarchi F, Santos J, Santric-Milicevic M, Sathian B, Savic M, Saxena D, Sayyah M, Schwendicke F, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou S, Seylani A, Shahabi S, Shaikh M, Sheikh A, Shetty A, Shetty P, Shibuya K, Shrime M, Shuja K, Singh J, Skryabin V, Skryabina A, Soltani S, Soofi M, Spurlock E, Stefan S, Szerencses V, Szocska M, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Taddele B, Tefera Y, Thavamani A, Tobe-Gai R, Topor-Madry R, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Car L, Ullah A, Ullah S, Umar N, Undurraga E, Valdez P, Vasankari T, Villafane J, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vo B, Vollmer S, Vos T, Vu G, Vu L, Wamai R, Werdecker A, Woldekidan M, Wubishet B, Xu G, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yigit V, Yip P, Yirdaw B, Yonemoto N, Younis M, Yu C, Yunusa I, Moghadam T, Zandian H, Zastrozhin M, Zastrozhina A, Zhang Z, Ziapour A, Zuniga Y, Hay S, Murray C, Dieleman J, and Global Burden Dis Hlth Financing

Abstract

Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total, $40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this, $13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and $1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4%) of the funds focused on country-level coordination and $2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7%) of COVID-19 development assistance for health went to Latin America, despite this region reporting 34.3% of total recorded COVID-19 deaths in low-income or middle-income countries in 2020. Spending on health is expected to rise to $1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2021

48. A systematic study on predicting depression using text analytics

Author

Mishra, V. and Garg, T.

Subjects
Social Networking Sites, Sentiment Analysis, Machine Learning, Support Vector Machine
Abstract

Social Networking Sites (SNS) provides online communication among groups but somehow it is affecting the status of mental health. For adolescents with limited social media friends and using internet for communication purposes predicted less depression, whereas non-communication desire reveals more depression and anxiety disorder. Social media posts and comments provide a rich source of text data for academic research. In this paper, we have discussed various text analytical approaches to predict depression among users through the sharing of online ideas over such websites. This paper presents a comprehensive review for predicting depression disorder by various text analytics approaches. This paper also presents the summary of results obtained by some researchers available in literature to predict MajorDepressive Disorder (MDD). In future research, enable self-monitoring of health status of each individuals which may help to increase well-being of an identity.Keywords: Social Networking Sites; Sentiment Analysis; Machine Learning; Support Vector Machine.

Published
2018

49. PMN-PT thin films on La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 seeded platinized glass substrate: phase formation, dielectric and ferroelectric studies

Author

GARG, T, KULKARNI, AR, and VENKATARAMANI, N

Subjects
PBTIO3, seed layer, thin film, PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION, LAYER, CERAMICS, LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE, ferroelectric, GROWTH, dielectric, perovskite, TRANSITION, BEHAVIOR
Abstract

Lead based relaxor ferroelectric thin films can become very useful due to their excellent electrical properties, provided the growth difficulties and high cost of fabrication which have stymied their applications are overcome. Our work describes a systematic study of establishing a set of process conditions for reproducible depositions of 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.35PbTiO(3) (PMN-PT) thin films on La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LCMO) seeded Pt/TiO2/Glass substrates. Films were grown at ambient temperature using RF- magnetron sputtering. Single phase PMN-PT films could be obtained by ex situ thermal annealing in air for 2 h at temperatures of 550 and 650 degrees C. Films annealed at temperatures lower than 550 degrees C and films deposited without the LCMO buffer layer showed presence of pyrochlore phase. Effect of annealing temperature, on the microstructure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the PMN-PT films has been investigated. Scanning electron micrographs of single phase PMN-PT films show a bimodal grain size distribution for the thin films annealed at 550 and 650 degrees C. The films annealed at 650 degrees C yielded a dielectric constant of 1300 and a remnant polarization (2P(r)) of 17 mu C cm(-2).

Published
2018
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