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The issue of improving accessibility to urban services continues to receive greater attention in the scientific and political debate to realize livable urban spaces and streets that can be travelled on foot and by bicycle with the aim of encouraging active mobility and increasing built environment quality. The transition path that is being carried out today is to aim for a model of the city accessible in 15 minutes, proving to be one of the most discussed topics in urban planning, both in practice and in the academic world. The 15-Minute City approach is based on concepts of equity and proximity that aim to reach all essential services within one's neighborhood for any user, reducing social inequalities. In turn, the idea may be utopian, but how feasible given that some cities have already been planned to meet this requirement. This new way of thinking about the city leads to rethinking the space-time organization of mobility networks and the distribution of daily activities based on urban asset. The scientific and political debate in recent years has questioned the desire to investigate, on the one hand, which urban characteristics it is necessary to intervene in and, on the other one, to analyze and measure which cities meet the ±15-Minute City requirements in terms of accessibility urban. The city of X minute cities questions, first, the territorial distribution of essential services and its relative mixed land use, which has always been a planning problem and remains unresolved in most cities, affecting people's well-being. Secondly, the improvement of sustainable mobility networks and accessibility in relation to the built environment and its open spaces. At the same time, it must be recognized that cities start from different levels in terms of propensity and susceptibility to transformation both in terms of sustainable mobility and the distribution model of neighbourhood services. In that direction, this work is oriented to compare the areas accessible in 15 minutes of cities characterized by different functional, socio-economic and settlement characteristics. three international case studies (Naples, London and Aberdeen) are investigated by comparing spatial analysis techniques related to proximity and network. The results show the measure of the levels of accessibility to essential services at the neighbourhood level by identifying the areas that have a gap in terms of supply and demand.&nbsp

Advanced urban and transport planning activities are shifting towards sustainable urban mobility solutions and walkability (Buhrmann, Wefering and Rupprecht, 2019), namely referring to how friendly the urban environment is for walking in terms of proximity service availability (i.e.,15-min city), street connectivity, comfort of public spaces, and road safety. Although traditional approaches tend to focus on the spatial dimension, individual characteristics of city users are found to have a significant impact on the perceived level of walkability. In particular, the measures currently in place do not sufficiently consider population groups in vulnerable situations (i.e.,SDG 11.2-Sustainable Transport for All) (United Nations, 2016), including women. The research project ‘STEP UP - Walkability for Women in Milan' (awarded by Fondazione Cariplo under the call “INEQUALITIES RESEARCH” - Grant No. 2022-1643, focuses on the needs and expectations of women while walking. As highlighted by Golan et al. (2019), women experience the city differently than men, in part because they are more concerned with security issues related to aggression and harassment. These constraints take the form of precautionary or avoidance behaviors due to fear of violence, perception of risk, and sense of vulnerability, as a major inhibitor of mobility for women in public spaces especially at nighttime. STEP UP aims to assess the level of walkability for women focusing on the case study of Milan, Italy. First, a thematic literature review will be conducted on the most relevant scientific contributions and policy guidelines about this topic. The results of the literature review will be exploited to select a series of relevant geolocated datasets, which will be retrieved, sorted, and filtered from open data repositories and geoportals. Data regarding the perceived level of safety of women while walking will be collected through ‘Wher' - a route planner application operated by Walk21 Foundation. All these gender-disaggregated data sets will be analyzed through GIS-Geographic Information Systems to design a multi-layer map of Milan focused on several walkability criteria, which will be then validated through survey questionnaires and focus groups. The results of the project will help to identify challenging areas or neighborhoods in the city of Milan, which can serve as samples of analysis to develop a set of policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the level of walkability for women in cities. References Buhrmann, S., Wefering, F., Rupprecht, S. (2019).Guidelines for Developing and implementing a sustainable urban mobility plan – 2nd edition. Rupprecht Consult-Forschung und Beratung GmbH. Available at:https://www.eltis.org/mobility-plans/sump-guidelines Golan, Y., Wilkinson, N., Henderson, J.M., and Weverka, A. (2019). Gendered walkability: Building a daytime walkability index for women.Journal of Transport and Land Use, 12(1).https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2019.1472 United Nations (2016).Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations Secretariat. Available at:https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda

TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 2022: Special Issue. Mobile phone data for exploring spatio-temporal transformations in contemporary territories

To say that the city is a dynamically complex system is to affirm that the city can be traced back to a set of components in relation to each other (system), that the processes of the system cannot be managed and controlled with deterministic tools (complex system) and, lastly, that the future evolution of the city-system cannot be predicted linearly on the basis of knowledge of the initial conditions (dynamically complex system). The degree of complexity reached by the city, as a modern expression of collective life, is such that it is unable to provide a compatible and adequate solution to the problems of the "city-system", which is subject, like all systems, to processes of entropy maximisation., TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, Vol 14 No 2 (2121): The city challenges and external agents. Methods, tools and best practices

The Special Issue “New Scenarios for Safe Mobility in Urban Areas” of the TeMA journal contains a collection of sixteen extended papers from the XXV Living and Walking in Cities International Conference, held in Brescia on the 9th and 10th September 2021. The bi-annual conference aims to gather researchers, experts, administrators, and practitioners and it offers a platform for discussion about mobility and quality of life in urban areas, with a specific focus on vulnerable road users’ safety. The aim is to exchange ideas, theories, empirical insight, methodologies, experiences, and techniques about policy issues, best practices, and research findings.

Active mobility, in the form of walking and cycling, is one of the most affordable and practical ways to promote sustainable modes of transport in urban areas, creating walkable, safe, healthy and livable environments. Given its multiple beneficial effects, the scientific community frequently considers it as a driver of urban regeneration, highlighting its role in the enhancement of accessibility and competitiveness. This study aims to deepen the role of active mobility in the redevelopment of historical districts characterized by economic and social marginality, as well as consider the resulting improvement of connectivity, attractiveness, and quality of life. To this end, we identify and classify strategies and best practices of active mobility provided by recent papers and international reports. In addition, we propose the application to a significant case study, Pizzofalcone, in the City of Naples. The area, characterized by high historical, architectural, landscape and cultural value, is not integrated with the rest of the historic city center and currently suffers economic and social marginality. The project proposal, which suggests the redevelopment of the area by redesigning pedestrian and cyclist paths, could be an interesting and economical solution to make Pizzofalcone a fundamental hub for the city and a crossing point for a multitude of people, TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 2022: Special Issue. New Scenarios for Safe Mobility in Urban Areas

l volume raccoglie le conclusioni di un lavoro di ricerca che costituisce il naturale quanto autonomo sviluppo dei risultati del progetto MOBILAGE – Mobility and ageing: daily life and welfare supportive networks at the neighborhood level, finanziato nel biennio 2018-2020 da Fondazione Cariplo (Gant N° 2017-0942) e concluso nel giugno 2020. La questione ageing cities negli ultimi tempi ha assunto la connotazione di vera e propria emergenza soprattutto in ragione dei trend di crescita della popolazione anziana nelle città industrializzate. Il tema, di estrema rilevanza sia nel dibattito scientifico che nella prassi operativa nazionale e internazionale, si configura come una delle sfide/opportunità per ripensare/ridisegnare le città migliorando la qualità di vita degli anziani. Il gruppo di ricerca impegnato in questo lavoro, sotto la guida di Carmela Gargiulo, è costituito da giovani ricercatori che afferiscono al laboratorio TeMALab del Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale (DICEA) dell’Università di Napoli Federico II.