1. Development of a T cell-based immunodiagnostic system to effectively distinguish SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination status
- Author
-
Yu, Esther Dawen, Wang, Eric, Garrigan, Emily, Goodwin, Benjamin, Sutherland, Aaron, Tarke, Alison, Chang, James, Gálvez, Rosa Isela, Mateus, Jose, Ramirez, Sydney I, Rawlings, Stephen A, Smith, Davey M, Filaci, Gilberto, Frazier, April, Weiskopf, Daniela, Dan, Jennifer M, Crotty, Shane, Grifoni, Alba, Sette, Alessandro, and da Silva Antunes, Ricardo
- Subjects
Vaccine Related ,Immunization ,Biodefense ,Lung ,Infectious Diseases ,Pneumonia & Influenza ,Prevention ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,3.4 Vaccines ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Antibodies ,Viral ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Epitopes ,T-Lymphocyte ,Humans ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Spike Glycoprotein ,Coronavirus ,Vaccination ,T cells ,breakthrough infection ,epitope ,immunodiagnostic tool ,vaccination ,viruses ,Microbiology ,Medical Microbiology ,Immunology - Abstract
Both SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccines elicit memory T cell responses. Here, we report the development of 2 pools of experimentally defined SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes that, in combination with spike, were used to discriminate 4 groups of subjects with different SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine status. The overall T cell-based classification accuracy was 89.2% and 88.5% in the experimental and validation cohorts. This scheme was applicable to different mRNA vaccines and different lengths of time post infection/post vaccination and yielded increased accuracy when compared to serological readouts. T cell responses from breakthrough infections were also studied and effectively segregated from vaccine responses, with a combined performance of 86.6% across all 239 subjects from the 5 groups. We anticipate that a T cell-based immunodiagnostic scheme to classify subjects based on their vaccination and natural infection history will be an important tool for longitudinal monitoring of vaccinations and for establishing SARS-CoV-2 correlates of protection.
- Published
- 2022