14 results on '"Gas liquid"'
Search Results
2. Characterization of interfacial waves in stratified turbulent gas-liquid pipe flow using Particle Image Velocimetry and controlled disturbances.
- Author
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Farias, P.S.C., Azevedo, L.F.A., and de Paula, I.B.
- Subjects
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SURFACE waves (Fluids) , *STRATIFIED flow , *PARTICLE image velocimetry , *PIPE flow , *GRANULAR flow , *SINGLE-phase flow - Abstract
• PIV measurements in stratified pipe flow with controlled interfacial waves. • Characterization of base flow and changes due to waves. • Threshold for linear wave regime based on a nondimensional number • Quantification of additional drag induced by waves of different amplitude. • Correlation proposed to account for wave induced pressure loss. The work reports an experimental investigation on stratified gas-liquid pipe flow characteristics in the presence of controlled interfacial waves. Studies of this flow regime with controlled interfacial waves are scarce in the literature. Here, the disturbances are excited at the liquid interface by an oscillating paddle. The waves are synchronized with image acquisitions, enabling the utilization of phase-locked measurements and ensemble averaging techniques. Off-axis Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Shadowgraph techniques were applied to provide information about mean and wave-induced modifications on the velocity fields. Results show that mean flow velocities in the liquid and gas phases close to the pipe walls adhere well to the single-phase flow log-law profile. In the liquid layer, this agreement was observed up to half of the water depth. Controlled disturbances enabled the estimation of the wave amplitude thresholds for the appearance of relevant nonlinear wave effects on the flow field. Results suggest that such a threshold can be fairly represented by a constant value of the non-dimensional parameter proposed in the work of Kirby (2008). Within the non-linear wave regimes investigated, noticeable changes in the flow field were observed close to the interface. However, near the wall the flow was weakly affected by the presence of waves, suggesting that interfacial wave effects are weakly coupled with near-wall disturbances and might be modelled independently. Moreover, contributions to interfacial shear stress due to the presence of waves were obtained experimentally. The results presented here are useful for validation and improvement of models used to predict flow characteristics in stratified flows. In addition, they contribute to shed further light on the physical mechanisms involved in the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Gas-liquid mass transfer behavior in a surface-aerated vessel stirred by a novel long-short blades agitator.
- Author
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Luo, Peicheng, Wu, Jun, Pan, Xiang, Zhang, Yueqiao, and Wu, Hua
- Subjects
GAS-liquid interfaces ,MASS transfer coefficients ,MIXING machinery ,VOLUMETRIC analysis ,BLADES (Hydraulic machinery) ,BUBBLE dynamics ,ENERGY dissipation - Abstract
For a recently developed long-short blades (LSB) agitator, its critical rotational speed for the onset of gas entrainment, power number, and gas-liquid mass transfer behavior in the case of surface aeration is investigated. The effect of the LSB configurations and the liquid level on the agitator performance has been studied in details. The obtained results clearly show several advantages of the LSB agitator in gas-liquid mass transfer with respect to the agitators in the literature. It is found that its gas-liquid volumetric mass-transfer coefficient at a given specific power can be several times larger than those shown in the literature. It can also avoid decrease in the gas-liquid mass transfer rate as the liquid level increases. In addition, the bubble distribution in the system is more uniform with respect to conventional agitators, resulting from better distribution of the dissipated energy for the LSB agitator. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1322-1330, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Experimental study on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of air–water two-phase flow with the effect of polyacrylamide additive in a horizontal circular tube
- Author
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Zhang, Xiang, Liu, Lei, Cheng, Lixin, Guo, Qiuyue, and Zhang, Ningsheng
- Subjects
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HEAT transfer , *PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics) , *AIR-water interfaces , *TWO-phase flow , *FRICTION , *SUPERFICIALITY , *REYNOLDS number , *ENERGY transfer - Abstract
Abstract: Experiments of air–water two phase heat transfer and frictional pressure drop without and with polyacrylamide (PAM) additive in a horizontal smooth circular tube were conducted. A PAM water solution with a concentration of 300ppm was used in the experiments. The test tube has an inside diameter of 40mm and an outside diameter of 48mm. Heat transfer tests were performed by cooling air–water flow inside the test tube through its wall using cooling water with a heat transfer length of 3m and two phase pressure drops were measured over a length of 3.1m. The liquid phase superficial velocity VLS =0.52, 1.02 and 1.46m/s and the gas phase superficial velocity VGS =1.66–4.9m/s. The average volume void faction β =0.532–0.904. The total mass flux G =5199–15,234kg/m2 s and the gas phase Reynolds number ReG =3892–12,025. It shows that the air–water two phase pressure drops can be reduced from 31.9% to 54.7% while the two phase heat transfer coefficients can be reduced from 36.8% to 70.3% with the PAM additive. Furthermore, the effects of the PAM additive on the air–water two phase heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics have been analyzed. The observed flow patterns are all slug flows. New physical mechanisms of the two phase pressure drop and heat transfer reductions have been proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Study of Downward Gas Jets into a Liquid.
- Author
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Emami, Ahad and Briens, Cedric
- Subjects
PENETRATION mechanics ,LIQUIDS ,JETS (Fluid dynamics) ,SLURRY ,SURFACE tension ,VISCOSITY - Abstract
The article reports on a study involving downward gas jet penetration in liquids at subsonic conditions. The importance of gas jet penetration as a part of the design of spargers used in slurry bubble columns is mentioned. The study is described, noting that it optically measured the liquid penetration length of the downward nonreacting gas jets. The effects of several characteristics, including nozzle diameter, gas density, and gas jet velocity, upon the jet penetration are observed. The results of the study are also discussed, noting that liquid viscosity had close to no effect and that decreased surface tension in the liquid phase produced a slightly higher penetration.
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- 2008
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6. Liquid phase mixing and gas hold-up in a multistage-agitated contactor with co-current upflow of air/viscous fluids
- Author
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Zhang, Lifeng, Pan, Qinmin, and Rempel, Garry L.
- Subjects
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FLUID mechanics , *PROPERTIES of matter , *HYDROSTATICS , *FLUIDS - Abstract
Abstract: A hydrodynamic study is carried out in a multistage-agitated contactor with cocurrent upflow of air/viscous fluids. The liquid phase backmixing is characterized through a residence time distribution study in various viscous fluids (up to 20mPas). The liquid Reynolds number with respect to the impeller applied in the investigation ranges from 1000 to 50000. A cascade of stirred tanks with back flow model satisfactorily fits all experimental residence time distribution curves in the present study. It is found that the increase in the liquid viscosity reduces the backmixing in the liquid phase due to its dampening effect on turbulence. The presence of the gas phase helps in reducing the backmixing by the straightening effect and entrainment effect in a co-current operation manner. The gas hold-up measured in the present study is comparable to the literature data. A new type of correlation taking into account the influence of the gas phase is proposed to predict the backmixing in a multistage-agitated contactor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
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7. Gas evolution and power performance in direct methanol fuel cells.
- Author
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Argyropoulos, P., Scott, K., and Taama, W.M.
- Abstract
The use of acrylic cells and a CCTV camera for visually investigating the carbon dioxide gas evolution process inside an operating direct methanol fuel cell environment is demonstrated. Also, the effect of operating parameters on the system gas management, using a series of tests with different gas diffusion layer supporting materials, flow bed designs, cell sizes and exhaust manifold configurations, is studied. Carbon dioxide gas management is an important issue obstructing progress in viable direct methanol fuel cell systems development. Gas evolution mechanisms and gas management techniques are discussed and analysed with reference to several video picture and performance data. The data demonstrate that Toray carbon paper is not a suitable material for DMFCs due to its poor gas removal properties. ‘A’ type carbon cloth shows relatively good gas removal behaviour. Increasing the liquid phase inlet flow rate is beneficial for gas removal. Increasing the current density results in higher gas production and in the formation of gas slugs, especially at low flow rates, which can lead to blocking of the channels and hence deterioration in the cell performance. A new flow bed design, based on a heat exchanger concept, is affective for gas management and gives a more uniform flow distribution in the flow bed channels. Using the results of this study, and the modelling techniques developed by our group, will are able to determine suitable operating conditions for our prototype 0.5kW cell DMFC stack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Measurements of the thermal conductivity of n-hexane in the supercritical region
- Author
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Yves Garrabos, G. Lombardi, B. Le Neindre, M. Kayser, F. M. Gumerov, Ph. Desmarest, T. R. Bilalov, Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kazan National Research Technological University, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Isochoric process ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Thermodynamics ,Probability density function ,02 engineering and technology ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Atmospheric temperature range ,01 natural sciences ,Standard deviation ,Supercritical fluid ,0104 chemical sciences ,n-hexane ,Gas Liquid ,Thermal conductivity ,Amplitude ,020401 chemical engineering ,Critical point (thermodynamics) ,Transport properties ,Supercritical ,0204 chemical engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
International audience; Measurements of the thermal conductivity of supercritical n-hexane performed in a coaxial cylinder cell operating in steady state conditions are reported. The present 1321 data of the thermal conductivity of n-hexane were carried out along ten quasi-isotherms above the critical temperature. These data cover the temperature range from 508.17 K to 553.00 K and the pressure range 0.l to 10 MPa. An analysis of the various sources of error leads to an estimated uncertainty that do not exceed 4% (95 level of confidence). The parameters of a background equation previously determined from 577 data of the thermal conductivity of gas and liquid n-hexane are reused here in order to analyze the critical enhancement of the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature and density. A set of theoretical Ising-like equations are re-formulated to describe the thermal conductivity critical enhancement along the near-critical isochoric lines in terms of the effective power laws fitting the singular behavior of the needed fluid properties as functions of the finite temperature distance to the critical point. Assuming the knowledge of the regular temperature behavior of the viscosity, the critical enhancement of the thermal conductivity appears then only characterized by a single effective amplitude. Such a separated analysis of the well-defined temperature effects provides the empirical functional form of the density effects, as a 6th-order polynomial density function, which can be normed whatever the temperature. Finally, our complete formulation of the total thermal conductivity describes, within three standard deviations (with SD = 1.0388%), the 1898 thermal conductivity measurements of n-hexane from 293 to 612 K and densities up to 670 kg m−3.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Towards a detailed understanding of oxygen transfer in wastewater treatment: the effect of bubble size distribution
- Author
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Neves do Amaral, Andreia, Nopens, Ingmar, Joaquim De Jesus Neves, Ramiro, and Amerlinck, Youri
- Subjects
gas liquid ,Technology and Engineering ,KLa ,Earth and Environmental Sciences ,mass transfer ,population balance modelling ,mathematical modelling ,aeration - Abstract
Approximately 50 to 80% of the energy cost in biological wastewater treatment is accounted for by the aeration system that provides air to the bioreactor hosting the microorganisms of the activated sludge. These microorganisms require air to convert organic carbon and inorganic nitrogen into waste gasses. In order to reduce the costs associated with wastewater treatment it is therefore crucial to optimise the operation and design of aeration systems. To achieve this, the mechanisms driving the aeration processes need to be understood at a fundamental level. The objective of this doctoral research is to improve the general understanding of oxygen transfer by taking into account the effect of bubble size. In a first part, it is illustrated how computational fluid dynamics can be used to predict the spatial distribution of dissolved oxygen in an aerated river stretch subjected to different scenarios. Next an experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of activated sludge process conditions, more specifically liquid viscosity and air flow rate, on the spatial dynamics of the bubble size distribution (BSD). A high-speed camera together with appropriate image analysis tools were used to obtain the size distribution of bubbles generated in a cylindrical bubble column under different process conditions and at different heights. These measurement data were subsequently used for the development of a population balance model that predicts the BSD dynamics. Finally, a new modelling approach was suggested that takes into account the BSD to estimate the spatial distribution of the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient or KLa. Based on the results presented in this doctoral dissertation, it should be concluded that more advanced monitoring and modelling approaches, which take into account the spatial distribution of bubble size, are valuable tools to more accurately estimate aeration efficiency.
- Published
- 2019
10. Friction and wear during twin-disc experiments under ambient and cryogenic conditions
- Author
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Sylvain Cloupet, M. Quillien, Luc Chevalier, Laboratoire de Mécanique (LaM), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Mécaniques et des MAtériaux (LISMMA), and Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-SUPMECA - Institut supérieur de mécanique de Paris (SUPMECA)
- Subjects
Materials science ,Tribology ,Bearing steel ,Friction ,Mechanical contact ,02 engineering and technology ,law.invention ,[PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph] ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Wear ,law ,[SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph] ,Dynamical friction ,Composite material ,Ball bearing steel ,Rolling contact ,Bearing (mechanical) ,Experimental study ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metallurgy ,Modeling ,Cryogenic temperature ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Dissipation ,Liquid nitrogen ,Friction coefficient ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Ambient air ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,Gas liquid ,Mechanics of Materials ,0210 nano-technology ,Constant (mathematics) - Abstract
International audience; We present a classical rolling contact apparatus where two discs roll and slide under a constant normal loading. Experimental results concerning bearing steel used in ambient air or under severe temperature conditions (liquid nitrogen) are presented. A simplified model proposed by Kalker (Fastsim) is used to identify the dynamic friction coefficient between these discs and to study the apparatus parameters' influence on dissipated energy. Wear evolution is simulated using classical Archard's law and compared to measured profiles. Influence of ambient conditions is highlighted by comparing friction and wear coefficients.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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11. Étude des écoulements monophasiques et diphasiques dans les élargissements brusques axisymétrique et bidimensionnel
- Author
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Aloui, Fethi, Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, and Mohamed Souhar
- Subjects
Theoretical study ,Axial speed ,Vitesse axiale ,Écoulement monophasique ,Écoulement (hydrologie) -- Vitesse ,Two-phase flow ,Void coefficient ,Visualisation ,Bulles ,Coefficient vide ,Gas liquid ,Conduite divergente ,Perte charge ,Divergent pipe ,Axial symetry ,[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other] ,Écoulement diphasique ,Bubbles ,Écoulement -- Visualisation ,Symétrie axiale ,Pressure drop ,Gaz miquide ,Étude théorique ,Visualization - Abstract
Texte intégral accessible uniquement aux membres de l'Université de Lorraine; Not available; Ce travail traite d'une étude théorique et expérimentale sur les écoulements monophasiques et diphasiques (à bulles) dans les élargissements brusques. Deux configurations d'élargissement ont été étudiées: l'une est axisymétrique verticale et l'autre bidimensionnelle horizontale. À travers ces singularités, une approche globale qui détermine la chute de pression singulière a été développée, et une étude expérimentale a été réalisée sur la dynamique des phases liquide et gazeuse. Dans l'élargissement brusque vertical axisymétrique, l'écoulement est symétrique. Les grandeurs mesurées concernent la vitesse axiale du liquide en écoulement monophasique et le taux de vide, la vitesse axiale des bulles et la granulométrie des bulles en écoulement diphasique. Au voisinage immédiat de la singularité, ces résultats expérimentaux locaux ont permis de donner la tendance générale de la réorganisation de l'écoulement monophasique et diphasique. Pour l'élargissement brusque bidimensionnel horizontal, la visualisation de l'écoulement a joué un rôle important dans la compréhension des phénomènes de transition d'un écoulement complètement dissymétrique vers un écoulement symétrique. En écoulement monophasique, l'étude expérimentale a concerné la pression et la vitesse axiale du liquide mesurée par un film chaud. Dans cet écoulement, la dissymétrie de l'écoulement n'a pas de cote préférentiel pour son orientation. En écoulement diphasique, la transition vers un écoulement symétrique se fait par augmentation progressive du débit de gaz pour un débit de liquide fixe. Les résultats expérimentaux relatifs à ce type de singularité en écoulement à bulles concernent le taux de vide, les vitesses axiales de chacune des phases et la granulométrie des bulles. Ces grandeurs nous ont permis de décrire d'une part les structures locales de l'écoulement diphasique et d'autre part de vérifier ce qui a été obtenu par la visualisation.
- Published
- 1994
12. Investigation of an electrochemical process for the abatment of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in waste gases, by a direct or an indirect route using the Ce(III)/Ce(IV) redox couple
- Author
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Aurousseau, Marc, UL, Thèses, Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique (LSGC), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, and Alain Storck
- Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other ,Dioxyde de soufre ,Oxydoréduction ,[SPI.OTHER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other ,Épuration effluent gazeux ,Cérium ,Gaz -- Absorption et adsorption ,Oxydes d'azote ,Azote oxyde ,Absorption ,Electrochemical reaction ,Cinétique ,Gaz -- Épuration ,Wet process ,Kinetics ,Soufre dioxyde ,Gas liquid ,Sulfur dioxide ,Réaction électrochimique ,Oxidation ,Gaz liquide ,Oxydation ,Procédé voie humide ,Flue gas purification ,Nitrogen oxides - Abstract
Not available, Dans le cadre de la lutte contre la pollution atmosphérique, la réduction des émissions de dioxyde de soufre (SO2) et d'oxydes d'azote (NOx) est une des préoccupations majeures des pays industrialisés. L’objectif de ce travail est de proposer et d'étudier un procédé de dépollution, d'effluents gazeux contenant ces espèces polluantes, par voie humide conduisant à la production de produits valorisables, des solutions concentrées et séparées des acides correspondants dans le cas présent. Deux voies électrochimiques ont été prospectées et développées. La première repose sur la mise en œuvre du couplage entre l'absorption de l'espèce polluante et son électro-oxydation à la surface d'une électrode de graphite. Cette étude ne concerne que le dioxyde de soufre et comprend une modélisation simplifiée du phénomène de couplage ainsi qu'une validation expérimentale de ce modèle. Son objectif principal était de démontrer le bien-fondé du couplage absorption/électro-oxydation, mais la faible solubilité du monoxyde d'azote nous a conduit à abandonner cette voie. Par la seconde, SO2 et NOx sont oxydés par le cérium tétravalent en milieu acide. Nous nous sommes particulièrement attachés à étudier les réactions mises en jeu et leur cinétique ainsi que la régénération dans une cellule électrochimique de l'espèce oxydante. Les résultats obtenus ont conduit à la mise en œuvre d'un pilote actuellement en cours de fonctionnement auprès de notre partenaire industriel
- Published
- 1994
13. Two-phase heat transfer in two component vertical flows
- Author
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G. Elamvaluthi and N.S. Srinivas
- Subjects
gas liquid ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Materials science ,Component (thermodynamics) ,Mechanical Engineering ,Phase (matter) ,heat transfer ,Heat transfer ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Mechanics ,liquid liquid - Abstract
[No abstract available]
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Pressure drop and holdup studies of air—liquid flow in helical coils
- Author
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G.S. Davies and K. Rangacharyulu
- Subjects
gas liquid ,HELICAL COILS ,Pressure drop ,multiphase flow ,AIR ,Flow (psychology) ,General Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Thermodynamics ,AIR-LIQUID FLOW ,Copper ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,chemistry ,LIQUIDS ,Liquid flow ,LOCKHART-MARTINELLI ,FLOW OF FLUIDS ,PRESSURE DROP AND HOLDUP ,Dimensionless quantity - Abstract
Experimental studies on the pressure drop and holdup for cocurrent upwards (turbulent-turbulent) flow of air-liquid systems through copper coils are presented. A new correlation for the two-phase frictional pressure drop is proposed based on the modified Lockhart-Martinelli parameter �G 2-1 in terms of dimensionless groups. ? 1984.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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