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Kinder Morgan Inc. uses the E-Crane Series for its services in materials handling and product transportation. The electric crane has an 18.2 duty-cycle capacity and is capable of handling various scrap and raw materials. Other features of the electric cane used by Kinder Morgan are discussed.

During the 1990s, the gas measurement organizations of producers, gatherers and--particularly the regulated pipelines--adapted to pressures to provide more accurate data in an increasingly more timely fashion by either developing [...]

Straddle gas plants-3 Installation of the Aux Sable liquid Products 12 (Aux Sable) plant (1) near the terminus of the Alliance pipeline (OGJ, July 2, 2001,p. 48) south of Chicago [...]

June 14, 1965 Pipe and the cost of construction constitute a large percentage of the total fixed capital of any natural-gas-transmission company While Columbia is an integrated company, i.e., transmission, [...]

Present ECA methods for girthweld defect acceptance increase pipe line construction costs because they are focused primarily on toughness properties and non-destructive testing (NDT) capabilities. Because of this focus, the [...]

Features of self, pilot-operated versions key to cost-effective applications Understanding the various types and designs of pressure regulators is necessary for gas transmission and local distribution companies to make a [...]

Recent advances in metering allow operators to improve remote monitoring, control capabilities Advances in flow metering technology offer pipe line operators the opportunity to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve [...]

Part 1 - Losing one spark plug out of 40 raises fuel use and emissions while seriously increasing misfire rate By monitoring and analyzing secondary ignition performance on its large [...]

Company selected dynamic closed-loop, real-time, optimization technique to minimize consumption CNG Transmission Corporation (CNGT) has initiated a control scheme to maximize its ability to respond to changes in demand and [...]

Gas and liquid pipe line operators continue to benefit from advances in instrumentation that help them perform their jobs better, safer and more economically in today's competitive market. Among the [...]

Because sizing is not an exact science, technicians should rely on their experience and common sense In today's increasingly competitive market, distribution company measurement departments must heighten their attention to [...]

Company made step-by-step modifications to reduce emission rate as much as 33% Implementing the federal air operating permit program, or Title V, permit program, has had a significant effect on [...]

Stein Birger Thatile is manager for transport and system technology for Statoil Gas Technology. He joined Statoil in 1985 and was lead engineer for transport technology, until 1993 when he [...]

Three different type pigs can be used to clean hard scale, wax build up adhering to pipe line The use of enhanced cleaning pigs is a proven method of dealing [...]

Editor's note: This is another in a series of Pipe Line & Gas Industry articles concerning the fundamentals of gas measurement and control. The devices are useful at large meter [...]

Iterative calculations for each equipment set and fuel-price sensitivity analysis produce reliable numbers Calculating and comparing the life-cycle costs of different gas-turbine-driven compressor packages during early engineering design of a [...]

Editor's note: Many disciplines in the business of designing, engineering, building, operating and maintaining an energy transportation system are becoming reasonably high tech. This is particularly true where the process [...]

New, enhanced products reduce costs and increase reliability of lines transporting gas, other products Polyethylene (PE) pipe, fittings and joining and handling equipment in Europe are the focus of innovators [...]

Technology advances, improved techniques and new equipment introduced recently by supplier companies are focused on helping gas and liquid pipe lines and gas gathering and distribution systems reduce their costs [...]

Age, condition of idle equipment presented engineers with numerous economical and technical challenges Natural gas transmission and gathering companies have on occasion reactivated idle compressor units as operating conditions change. [...]

To improve meter performance, gas company has identified four key issues that need to be addressed Based on in-depth field testing, NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) is satisfied enough with [...]

NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) has completed a performance evaluation of two types of single path ultrasonic meters at the company's Gas Dynamic Test Facility (GDTF). The testing objective was [...]

Reinforced Thermo Plastic (RTP) piping can be used to transport liquid and gas at high pressures, according to research conducted by Shell International. Mechanical-resistance tests confirm that RTP piping can withstand pressure up to 150 bars in temperatures between -30 degrees centigrade and 30 degrees centigrade. The plastic piping is manufactured by Tubes d'Aquitaine of Carsac, France., Mechanical-resistance tests on reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe have confirmed its service pressure of up to 150 bar (2,175 psi) in temperatures of-30 degrees C. (-22 degrees C.) to 30 [...]

As operating companies have demanded more information on the condition of existing pipe line systems, inspection service companies and research groups have developed smarter pigs that can collect more data, [...]

Using remotely sensed data and geographic information systems (GIS), a prototype least-cost analysis was performed for routing a small section of a proposed pipe line to transport Caspian Sea area [...]

Least-complicated choices help avoid planning, construction, operation and maintenance problems Safe, accurate, economical and dependable high-pressure measuring and regulating stations are the result of top-quality design, construction and operation. Designers [...]

Getting the job done efficiently, safely, and economically are the main reasons Nova Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) of Alberta, Canada looked to an ultrasonic gas flow meter for its flow [...]

Recent developments in digital electronics, signal processing, and enhanced software techniques have re-kindled the natural gas industry's interest in using ultrasonic meters for custody transfer gas measurement. Throughout the industry, [...]

BGE's planned procedures ensure customer confidence and satisfaction in measurement accuracy Measurement accuracy impacts the bottom line and, amid today's competition among fuels, it is a critical element in ensuring [...]

Company half-way through four-year program to improve equipment operations at 28 existing facilities Boston Gas Company (BGC) has progressed beyond the half-way point on a four-year program to upgrade its [...]

NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd has found that helical screw anchors offer better, more cost-effective buoyancy control than concrete weights on pipelines in muskeg swamps. The benefits include more widely dispersed weight-center placement, lower storage costs and smaller ditch dimensions. Screw anchor systems must be designed with pipe stress and corrosion in mind. Improper installation of any one assembly can undermine the entire system., To control buoyancy of large-diameter pipelines that cross such wet areas as muskeg swamps in Alberta Province, Canada, NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd., Calgary, for more than 6 years investigated alternatives [...]

Current, flow profile guides gas measurement engineer's search for most economical solution Controlling discretionary costs through efficient, economical meter station design is the measurement engineer's critical responsibility. After all, the [...]

Canadian and US design codes differ over the degree of longitudinal stress allowed when relocating operating pipelines. Section 8 of the ANSI/ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping is the de facto standard in the US, outlining the factors to be considered when moving pipelines. The more general Canadian Standards Administration's Z184 and Z183 codes are used in Canada. A comparison of the codes shows different allowable stresses offshore, underground, above ground and under restrained and unrestrained conditions., A review of U.S. and Canadian regulations and design codes for natural gas and liquid products pipelines has revealed differences for allowable longitudinal stress levels during operations that require pipeline [...]

Directional drilling has been used to relocate two high-pressure gas pipelines operated by NOVA Corp.'s Alberta Gas Transmission below an unstable slope in a remote area of northeast Alberta (Fig. [...]

A submersible automatic system (SAS) sealine repair system was tested by the Italian gas-transmission company SNAM S.p.A. on a deepwater pipeline about 2,000 ft below the surface of the Italian coastline. The SAS is a modular system, with each module able to perform one or more functions. System modules include a launch and recovery module and a number of service modules that lift, cut and recover pipe, install and connect repairs. Test results were positive, and SNAM hopes to develop other automation technologies for deepwater repairs., The first ever full-scale tests of an unmanned, deepwater-pipeline repair system were successfully conducted last year off the coast of Italy. The Italian gas-transmission company SNAM tested a submersible automatic [...]

Overall drilling penetration rates nearly tripled, and drill bit life nearly doubled compared to conventional bits when specially designed natural diamond and polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits were used during [...]

Accuracy and reliability depends on equipment choice, design, training, maintenance and recalibration Pipe line natural gas moisture content is one of many parameters including composition, heating value and relative density, [...]

Smart-pig program benefits from evolving technology but several miniaturization challenges remain Small-diameter, smart inspection pigs are demanded by operators and regulators. In response, researchers are shrinking technology to surmount challenges [...]

Digital measurement instruments are now capable of analyzing the waveform of the electromagnetic field generated by a pipeline's cathodic protection system to locate corrosion caused by current loss. These non-destructive testing devices can detect low-resistance holidays that standard close interval voltage surveys miss.

OMV Gas Operations installed ICI Chemicals And Polymers Ltd's Puraspec 100 process unit to remove the hydrogen sulfide from Austria's main pipeline network. The design consists of twin fixed-bed reactors. The chemical absorbent used in this system has proven to be totally satisfactory. The dual reactors allow absorbent to be replaced in one reactor without disrupting gas processing operations.

Use of close-coupled conductive polymeric cables as a cathodic protection groundbed can prevent the external corrosion and leaks caused by the deterioration of protective coatings on aging pipe lines. Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp has found this system to be more economical than excavating the pipe line so it can be stripped and recoated. Coating costs between $25 and $50 per linear ft, while the cable system costs between $7 and $10. Transcontinental has installed over 150 miles of this cable since 1984 with no failures related to the material.

Two hundred outstations featuring a two-tier supervisory control and data acquisition system monitor gas flow through British Gas' National Transmission System. The development of the integrated outstation in the 1980s has made it possible for British Gas to speed equipment installation, reduce space and power needs and switch from measured to calculated density. Nineteen compressor stations move gas through the system. Distribution of allocation and custody transfer gas is performed by over 100 unmanned metering stations.

Simple, reliable instrument now available to provide accurate gas volume and energy flowrates Accurate, real-time measurement of energy flowrates can spell the difference between profit and loss in today's gas [...]

Magnetic ranging tools were used to replace a leaking gas storage well at Honor Rancho field, north of Los Angeles, CA. Southern California Gas Co's efforts to repair the well, which was originally completed in 1961, proved unsuccessful because of inaccurate survey data. Directional drilling, guided by magnetic ranging tools, enabled the John Wright Co to drill near the old well and intersect the casing above the storage zone., Magnetic ranging surveys and directional drilling technology accurately guided a replacement well bore to intersect a leaking gas storage well with casing damage. The second well bore was then used [...]

Restrictions are classified as mechanical as well as product properties and operating conditions Restrictions to pipe line pigging operations started with the early years of pipe lines when transportation systems [...]

Compressor station design and layout meets silencing requirement from nearby urban development Union Gas, Ltd., recently designed and built an acoustic-treated compressor station to meet increasingly stringent industry guidelines for [...]