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Resumen En el artículo se reconstruye y se muestra el debate marxista sobre la naturaleza y fuente del plusvalor extra apropiado por los capitales que introducen una innovación tecnológica. Hasta el presente, esta controversia ha sido tratada siempre como subsidiaria de otros debates. Sin embargo, su recurrencia y la evolución de los argumentos esgrimidos -en particular en las últimas décadas- muestran que tiene la entidad de un debate en sí mismo. Tras rastrear la presencia de esta controversia en distintos debates marxistas en contextos históricos e intelectuales diversos, se reúnen y sistematizan los argumentos presentados. En esencia, se identifican dos posiciones contrapuestas: por un lado, la que argumenta que el plusvalor extra es la representación del trabajo de los trabajadores empleados por el capital innovador; por otro lado, la que argumenta que se trata de la representación del trabajo empleado por otros capitales. En la medida en que los argumentos se apoyan en diversas lecturas de la obra de Marx, se dedica una sección a reunir y discutir la evidencia textual disponible. Finalmente, se realiza un breve balance crítico del debate en el que se concluye que la posición que argumenta en favor de transferencias de valor no implica recaer en una concepción naturalizadora del valor ni es incompatible con los fundamentos de la crítica marxiana de la economía política. JEL: B14; B24; B51; O33; D46. Abstract In this article the Marxist debate on the nature and source of the extra surplus value appropriated by capitals that introduce a technological innovation is reconstructed and presented. Until now, this controversy has always been treated as subsidiary to other debates. However, its reoccurrence and the evolution of the arguments - especially in the last decades - show that it has the makings for a debate in and of itself. After tracing the presence of this controversy in different Marxist debates in diverse historical and intellectual contexts, the arguments presented are collected and systematized. In essence, two opposing positions are identified: on the one hand, the one that argues that the extra surplus value is the representation of the work done by the workers employed by the innovation capital. On the other, the one that argues that it has to do with the representation of the work carried out by other capitals. As both arguments are supported in various readings of Marx's work, a section is dedicated to gathering and discussing the textual evidence available. Finally, a brief critical balance is made of the debate which concludes that the position that argues in favor of transferences of value does not imply reverting to a naturalized concept of value nor is it compatible with the bases of Marx's criticism of political economy. JEL: B14; B24; B51; O33; D46.

espanolResumen: En este articulo se realiza una reconstruccion critica de la controversia marxista sobre el ‘derrumbe del capitalismo’ desarrollada entre las ultimas decadas del siglo XIX y la decada de 1930. En particular se focaliza en como concibieron cada una de las posiciones el vinculo entre el desarrollo economico capitalista y la accion revolucionaria de la clase obrera. Luego, se sostiene que la recuperacion de las investigaciones modernas sobre el metodo dialectico permite ofrecer una alternativa novedosa a las posiciones en debate. EnglishAbstract: This paper offers a critical reconstruction of the Marxist controversy over the 'breakdown of capitalism' developed between the last decades of the nineteenth century and the decade of 1930. In particular, it focuses on how each position in debate conceived the connection between capitalist economic development and the revolutionary action of the working class. Then, it is argued that the recovery of some modern investigations on the dialectical method allows to offer a novel alternative position to the debate.

This article offers an overview of Marx's textual legacy on the subject of the multiplied value-positing powers of skilled labour, and undertakes a critical reconstruction of the history of the subsequent controversies over the so-called 'skilled-labour problem'. Critical examination of the different Marxist responses to the objections put forward by critics shows that they have failed to develop a solution that is consistent with the foundations of Marx's value-theory. Thus, the article finally offers an alternative solution grounded in the Marxian analysis of the determinations of value as laid out in Capital. Fil: Caligaris, Gaston. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Economía y Administración; Argentina Fil: Starosta, Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Economía y Administración; Argentina

El objetivo de este articulo es discutir la interpretacion marxista dominante respecto del significado de lo que Marx llamo el “elemento historico y moral” del valor de la fuerza de trabajo y ofrecer una lectura alternativa que sea consistente con los fundamentos de la critica marxiana de la economia politica. Para tal fin, en la primera parte del articulo, se realiza una critica de dicha interpretacion basada en el reconocimiento de su genesis historica y su filiacion con la base textual y fundamentos de la critica marxiana de la economia politica. En la segunda parte, se realiza una reconstruccion critica del legado de Marx respecto a la determinacion del valor de la fuerza de trabajo y se presenta una resignificacion del elemento historico y moral en cuestion. A DETERMINACAO DO “ELEMENTO HISTORICO E MORAL” DO VALOR DA FORCA DE TRABALHO O objetivo deste artigo e discutir a interpretacao marxista dominante sobre o significado do que Marx chamou de “elemento historico e moral” do valor da forca de trabalho e oferecer uma leitura alternativa atrelada aos fundamentos da critica marxiana da economia politica. Para tanto, na primeira parte do artigo, realizamos uma critica da interpretacao acima citada, baseada no reconhecimento de sua genese historica e sua filiacao com a base textual e com os fundamentos da critica marxiana da economia politica. Na segunda parte, realizamos uma reconstrucao critica do legado de Marx quanto a determinacao do valor da forca de trabalho e apresentamos uma ressignificacao do elemento historico e moral em questao. Palavras-chave: Elemento historico e moral. Valor da forca de trabalho. Debates marxistas. Teoria marxista do salario. THE DETERMINATION OF THE “HISTORIC AND MORAL ELEMENT” OF THE VALUE OF LABOUR POWER The aim of this article is to challenge the prevailing Marxist interpretation of what Marx called the “historical and moral component” of the value of labour-power, and to offer an alternative reading which is consistent with the foundations of the critique of political economy. In order to do so, the first part of the article develops a critique of the aforementioned Marxist view, on the basis of a reconstruction of its historical genesis, its support on textual evidence from Marx’s works and its theoretical consistency with the foundations of the critique of political economy. Subsequently, the second part of the article undertakes a critical reconstruction of Marx’s legacy on the determination of the value of labour-power and proposes a reconsideration of the meaning of its socalled “historical and moral” component. Keywords: Historical and moral element. Value of labour-power. Marxist debates. Marx’s theory of wages. LA DETERMINATION DE L “ELEMENT HISTORIQUE ET MORAL” DE LA VALEUR DE LA FORCE DE TRAVAIL L’objectif de cet article est de discuter de l’interpretation marxiste dominante de ce que Marx appelait “l’element historique et moral” de la valeur de la force de travail et d’offrir une lecture alternative liee aux fondements de la critique marxienne de l’economie politique. Pour ce faire, dans la premiere partie de l’article nous critiquons l’interpretation susmentionnee, fondee sur la reconnaissance de sa genese historique et son affiliation a la base textuelle et aux fondements de la critique marxienne de l’economie politique. Dans la deuxieme partie, nous effectuons une reconstruction critique de l’heritage de Marx concernant la determination de la valeur de la force de travail et nous y presentons une nouvelle signification de l’element historique et moral en question. Mots-cles: Element historique et moral. Valeur de la force de travail. Debats marxistes. Theorie marxiste du salaire.

La concepción según la cual la producción agraria argentina está dominada económica y polí- ticamente por grandes terratenientes quienes, sobre esta base y a su turno, tienen la capacidad para influir decisivamente en el curso de la economía nacional, ha sido una constante en la historia argentina. En este artículo se realiza un examen crítico de las bases empíricas y los argumentos en que se fundamenta esta concepción en la actualidad. Con tal objetivo, en la primera parte de este trabajo se examinan los argumentos y la principal evidencia empírica que se presenta para fundamentar la existencia de una clase terrateniente económicamente poderosa. Sobre esta base, en la segunda parte del artículo se examina la potencialidad política de lo que comúnmente se reconoce como la principal organización política de la clase terrateniente argentina: la Sociedad Rural Argentina. El resultado que arrojan ambos análisis es que no existen argumentos sólidos ni evidencia empírica que fundamenten la existencia de una clase terrateniente económica y políticamente poderosa en Argentina It is a conventional claim in Argentine history analysis that the agrarian production is economically and politically dominated by large landlords who, on this basis, have the capacity to decisively determine the course of the national economy. This article critically examines the empirical basis and arguments underneath this conception. To this end, this article firstly examines the arguments and main empirical evidence presented in the specialized literature that support the idea of an economically powerful landlord class’ existence. In the second part, it focuses on the political potentiality of what is commonly recognized as the main political organization of the Argentinean land-owning class: Argentine Rural Society. As result of both analyses we conclude that there are neither solid arguments nor empirical evidence to support the existence of an economically and politically powerful landlord class in Argentina. Fil: Galigaris, Gastón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Universidad de Quilmes; Argentina Fil: Pérez Trento, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Universidad de Quilmes; Argentina

Some recent Marxist contributions, among them the so-called New Solution to the transformation problem, call into question the idea of labour-power as a fully-fledged commodity. Yet, the rejection of the commodity nature of labour-power compromises Marx´s whole explanation of the origin of surplus-value on the basis of the exchange of equivalents. It can be shown, however, that it is possible to offer a positive case for the commodity-nature of labour-power which is consistent with Marx´s broader dialectical investigation of the determinations of the value-form. This requires building upon the arguments that Marx explicitly put forward in his economic works, but also going beyond them, albeit on the basis of those arguments themselves. Furthermore, this novel approach that treats the reproduction of labour-power as a commodity determined by the self-valorisation of capital proves to be very valuable to shed light on two classic Marxist controversies, namely: the debate on domestic labour and the one on skilled labour. Fil: Starosta, Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Economía y Administración; Argentina Fil: Caligaris, Gaston. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Centro de Investigaciones sobre Economía y Sociedad en la Argentina Contemporánea; Argentina

The chapter provides fresh insight into the ‘old’ international division of labour and especially into the countries whose long-standing historical role has been to produce ground‐rent‐bearing, primary, commodities. Building upon the notion of capital accumulation as being global in content and national in form, Caligaris challenges the dominant perspective that explains the specific characteristics of those countries as the result of domestic politics, foreign influence and domination, or unequal exchange. He instead advances an original approach based on the recognition that ground‐rent is essentially constituted by the surplus‐value resulting from the valorisation of industrial capitals abroad and which flows into the countries supplying the raw materials. The latter section uses empirical evidence from the case of Argentina to illustrate the core argument.

El presente trabajo examina la conexión entre el método dialéctico utilizado por Hegel y el utilizado por Marx a la luz de los debates marxistas recientes. Se sostiene que ni el contenido ni la forma del método utilizado por Hegel pueden ser apropiados acríticamente para el desarrollo de la crítica marxiana de la economía política. Más específicamente, se sostiene que en la obra de Hegel puede encontrarse un 'núcleo racional' dado por el descubrimiento de la forma más simple de auto-movimiento que tiene lo real. Sin embargo, asimismo se sostiene que por tomarse como punto de partida una forma del puro pensar descubierta mediante un acto de abstracción absoluto, dicho ´núcleo racional´ queda expuesto bajo una ´envoltura mística´ y, por tanto, en relación de exterioridad respecto del movimiento de lo concreto real. This article examines the connection between Hegel’s and Marx’s respective dialectical methods in the light of the recent Marxist debates on the subject matter. It argues that the development of the Marxian critique of political economy cannot uncritically appropriate the content or the form of Hegel’s dialectical method. More specifically, the article submits that there is a “rational kernel” in Hegel’s work, which can be found in his discovery of self-movement as the simplest form taken by the real. However, insofar as he takes a pure thought-form as point of departure, which, moreover, results from an act of absolute abstraction, the aforementioned “rational kernel” becomes expounded under a “mystical shell”. As a consequence, his dialectic remains external to the movement of the real concrete. Fil: Caligaris, Gaston. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Starosta, Guido. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potentialities of the process of concentration of agrarian capital from the case of the so-called 'big sowing pools'. For this purpose we analyze the investment and production projects of the sowing pools constituted as Mutual Funds Closed Investment and Financial Trusts. In addition, we perform an in-depth study on the case of the chief administrator of big sowing pools: the company Cazenave & Asociados. We conclude that the agrarian production in the Pampas remains a hostile environment for the accumulation of the most concentrated capitals of the economy.

The question about Hegel's legacy in the Marxian critique of political economy has been one of the most widely debated issues within the history of Marxist thought. This debate about the significance of the Logic for the critique of political economy can be reframed in terms of Marx's well-known explicit statement about the relationship between his dialectical method and Hegel's: the key issue at stake seems to be the establishment of the precise nature of the rational kernel within the mystical shell. This chapter attempts to contribute to the debate by providing an alternative perspective on the connection between Hegel's Logic and Marx's Capital . According to the argument put forward in his book The Logic of Marx's 'Capital' , Hegel's Logic deals with the fundamental categories of thought that are necessary to grasp the inner intelligibility of reality. Keywords: Hegel's Logic ; Marx's Capital ; mystical shell; rational kernel

En este artículo se realiza un análisis de las transformaciones recientes en la producción material y en la acumulación de capital en la producción agraria argentina. Con base en una variedad de fuentes estadísticas, se muestra que el cultivo genéticamente modificado ha hegemonizado esta producción permitiendo la aparición de nuevas economías de escala. Luego, se presentan algunos estudios de casos representativos que muestran que esta transformación no alcanzó para superar las barreras de entrada que históricamente encontraron los capitales más concentrados de la economía nacional en este sector. Esta última conclusión desafía a varias concepciones dominantes en la literatura especializada. This paper presents an analysis of the recent transformations in material production and capital accumulation in the agrarian production in Argentina. Based on a varied statistical sources it shows that the GM crop production has hegemonized that production allowing the emergence of new economies of scale. Then, through some representative case studies it shows that those transformations were not enough to overcome the barriers to entry that the most concentrated capitals of the national economy historically faced in this sector. This last conclusion challenges several dominant ideas in the specialized literature. Fil: Caligaris, Gaston. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Centro de Investigaciones sobre Economía y Sociedad en la Argentina Contemporánea; Argentina

El objetivo de este trabajo es juzgar las potencialidades del proceso de concentración del capital agrario a partir del caso de los llamados ‘grandes pooles de siembra’. Para tal fin, se realiza un análisis de los proyectos de inversión y de producción de los pooles de siembra constituidos como Fondos Comunes Cerrados de Inversión y como Fideicomisos Financieros. Asimismo, se realiza un estudio en profundidad del caso del principal administrador de grandes pooles de siembra, la empresa Cazenave & Asociados. Se concluye que la producción agraria pampeana continúa siendo un espacio hostil para la acumulación de los capitales más concentrados de la economía., The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potentialities of the process of concentration of agrarian capital from the case of the so-called 'big sowing pools'. For this purpose we analyze the investment and production projects of the sowing pools constituted as Mutual Funds Closed Investment and Financial Trusts. In addition, we perform an in-depth study on the case of the chief administrator of big sowing pools: the company Cazenave & Asociados. We conclude that the agrarian production in the Pampas remains a hostile environment for the accumulation of the most concentrated capitals of the economy., Centro de Historia Argentina y Americana