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The utilization of passive treatment systems to mitigate the effects of acid mine drainage and acidic leachate discharge is a recent innovation in the restoration of aquatic ecosystems. During the construction of U.S. Route 48 (presently Interstate Route 68) and the Maryland Route 219 Interchange in Garrett County, Maryland, in approximately 1973, sulfide-bearing rock material was utilized as valley fill and for embankments on the eastern side of Keysers Ridge. The placement of this material affected the headwater areas of two tributaries to Lake Louise, an impoundment of Puzzley Run. The movement of water through the material induced biological and chemical processes to occur, resulting in acidic leachate discharge to the tributary streams. Degradation of the aquatic ecosystems in the tributaries and Lake Louise was documented in 1975. Watershed studies have since identified aluminum leaching, an artifact of the acidic leachate, as the probable source of impairment. The Maryland State Highway Administration constructed two passive treatment systems in 1996 employing successive alkalinity-producing technology to remediate the effects of the acidic leachate discharge. The ultimate objective of the passive treatment was to initiate the recovery process of Lake Louise and its affected tributaries. Extensive water quality analyses, phytoplankton and zooplankton community assessment, fish bioassays, and fish repatriation commenced in 1997, and will be continued through 2005. The biological sampling has documented improvements in the lake phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, as well as survival and growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) stockings. Young-of-the year brook trout were collected during 2002 in an impacted tributary, indicating the return of water quality and habitat conditions which support natural reproduction. Inflow, effluent, and biological monitoring completed to date have provided insight on the effectiveness and performance of these passive treatment systems for the restoration of the coldwater ecosystem.

Aggression exposure is a critical health issue facing adolescents in the United States. Exposure occurs in various settings including home, school, and the community. An emerging context for aggression exposure is in the workplace. Thirty adolescent employees age 16-18 participated in a qualitative study exploring proposed responses to future workplace aggression. Semistructured interviews were used to gather participants' proposed responses to a series of hypothetical aggressive incidents in the workplace. Conventional content analysis identified patterns and themes among the participants' responses. Results indicated adolescent employees' proposed responses to workplace aggression are similar to other forms of aggression such as peer-bullying and teen dating violence. Education and training are needed within the school setting to promote appropriate responses to various forms of aggression encountered by adolescents. Implications for school health professionals' involvement in addressing responses to such aggression and further research opportunities are explored.

Purpose: This research evaluated an individualized Internet training designed to teach nurse aides (NAs) strategies to prevent or, if necessary, react to resident aggression in ways that are safe for the resident as well as the caregiver. Design and Methods: A randomized treatment and control design was implemented, with baseline, 1-, and 2-month assessments for 158 NAs. The training involved 2 weekly visits. The Internet intervention was a behaviorally focused and video-based training that included content on skills for safely dealing with physical aggression. Measures included video situation testing and assessment of psychosocial constructs associated with behavior change. Results: Analysis of covariance showed positive results for knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and empathy, with medium-large effect sizes maintained after 2 months. The training was well received by participants. Implications: Internet training is a viable approach to shape appropriate NA reactions to aggressive resident behaviors. This format has future potential because it offers fidelity of presentation and automated documentation, with minimal supervision.

Displays of living organisms are a great way to generate student interest and enthusiasm in the science classroom. Creating these displays is part of the author's job as a member of the Environmental Education Committee at the Appalachian Laboratory. One of her favorite displays features macroinvertebrates (mostly insects), gathered from a local beaver pond. This display gives students visiting the facility a chance to observe macroinvertebrates up close. The display is easy to set up and maintain, inexpensive, and guaranteed to fascinate students. (Contains 1 figure and 3 resources.)