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30. Effects of gastric bypass on the digestibility and postprandial metabolic fate of 15N dietary protein in rats.

Author

Benhaddou, Soukaïna, Ribeiro-Parenti, Lara, Khodorova, Nadezda, Willemetz, Alexandra, Chapelais, Martin, Azzout-Marniche, Dalila, Le Gall, Maude, and Gaudichon, Claire

Subjects
GASTRIC bypass, DIETARY proteins, GASTROINTESTINAL system, PROTEIN synthesis, RATS
Abstract

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass may be associated with an alteration of protein bioavailability in relation to intestinal remodeling. Our study aimed to test this hypothesis by Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Diet-induced obese rats underwent Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass surgery (RYGB rats) while a Sham-operated control group was used. All rats received a 15N-labeled protein meal 1 or 3 months after surgery and were euthanized 6h later. Protein digestibility, 15N recovered in organs and urea pool, fractional protein synthesis rate, and intestinal morphometry were assessed. Protein digestibility was similar in all groups (94.2±0.3%). The small intestine was hypertrophied in RYGB rats 1 month after surgery, weighing 9.1±0.2g vs. 7.0±0.3g in Sham rats (P = 0.003). Villus height and crypt depth were increased in the alimentary limb and ileum of RYGB rats. However, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass had no impact on the fractional synthesis rate. In the gastrointestinal tract, 15N retention only differed in the ileal mucosa and was higher in RYGB rats at 1 month (0.48±0.2% vs. 0.3±0.09%, P = 0.03). 15N recovery from the liver, muscle, and skin was lower in RYGB rats at 1 month. 15N recovery from urinary and plasma urea was higher in RYGB rats at both times, resulting in increased total deamination (13.2±0.9% vs. 10.1±0.5%, P<0.01). This study showed that Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass did not affect protein digestibility. Dietary nitrogen sequestration was transitorily and moderately diminished in several organs. This was associated with a sustained elevation of postprandial deamination after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, whose mechanisms merit further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Minimal processed infant formula vs. conventional shows comparable protein quality and increased postprandial plasma amino acid kinetics in rats.

Author

Calvez, Juliane, Blais, Anne, Deglaire, Amélie, Gaudichon, Claire, Blachier, François, and Davila, Anne-Marie

Subjects
AMINO acid metabolism, NITROGEN metabolism, FOOD quality, FOOD consumption, DIGESTION, DYNAMICS, FOOD handling, IN vivo studies, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, HEAT, INFANT formulas, RATS, EUTHANASIA, AMINO acids, ANIMAL experimentation, COMPARATIVE studies, DIETARY proteins, CECUM, DIET
Abstract

During industrial processing, heat treatments applied to infant formulas may affect protein digestion. Recently, innovative processing routes have been developed to produce minimally heat-processed infant formula. Our objective was to compare the in vivo protein digestion kinetics and protein quality of a minimally processed (T−) and a heat-treated (T+++) infant formula. Sixty-eight male Wistar rats (21 d) were fed with either a diet containing 40 % T− (n 30) or T+++ (n 30), or a milk protein control diet (n 8) during 2 weeks. T− and T+++ rats were then sequentially euthanised 0, 1, 2, 3 or 6 h (n 6/time point) after ingestion of a meal containing their experimental diet. Control rats were euthanised 6 h after ingestion of a protein-free meal to determine nitrogen and amino acid endogenous losses. Nitrogen and amino acid true caecal digestibility was high for both T− and T+++ diets (> 90 %), but a tendency towards higher nitrogen digestibility was observed for the T− diet (96·6 ± 3·1 %) compared with the T+++ diet (91·9 ± 5·4 %, P = 0·0891). This slightly increased digestibility led to a greater increase in total amino acid concentration in plasma after ingestion of the T− diet (P = 0·0010). Comparable protein quality between the two infant formulas was found with a digestible indispensable amino acid score of 0·8. In conclusion, this study showed that minimal processing routes to produce native infant formula do not modify protein quality but tend to enhance its true nitrogen digestibility and increase postprandial plasma amino acid kinetics in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Urine Metabolite Profiles after the Consumption of a Low- and a High-Digestible Protein Meal, and Comparison of Urine Normalization Techniques.

Author

Khodorova, Nadezda, Calvez, Juliane, Pilard, Serge, Benoit, Simon, Gaudichon, Claire, and Rutledge, Douglas N.

Subjects
PLANT proteins, URINE, PROTEOLYSIS, WHEY proteins, PROTEINS, MEALS, PROTEINS in animal nutrition
Abstract

In the context of dietary transition toward plant proteins, it is necessary to ensure protein security in populations. It would thus be of interest to identify biomarkers of altered protein digestibility in populations. We examined the association between urinary metabolites and the acute intake of low- or highly digestible protein in healthy volunteers. The urine samples were collected before and 9 h after the ingestion of a meal containing either no protein, zein (low-digestible) or whey protein isolate (highly digestible). The liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics approach was used for the profiling of the urinary metabolites. For the standardization of metabolomics data sets, osmolality-based, standard normal variates (SNV) and probabilistic quotient normalization (PQN) techniques were used. The ANOVA-based factorial method, AComDim_ICA, was used for chemometrics analysis. The osmolality adjustment has a beneficial effect and the subsequent mathematical normalization improves the chemometric analysis further. Some changes in the urinary metabolomes were observed 9 h after the meal in the three groups. However, there was no difference in the urine metabolome between groups. No biomarker of protein digestibility can be identified after the ingestion of a single meal, even when marked differences in the digestion efficiency of protein have been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Pipecolate and Taurine, Rat Urinary Biomarkers for Lysine and Threonine Deficiencies respectively

Author

Moro, Joanna, primary, Roisné-Hamelin, Gaëtan, additional, Khodorova, Nadezda, additional, Rutledge, Douglas N., additional, Martin, Jean-Charles, additional, Barbillon, Pierre, additional, Tomé, Daniel, additional, Gaudichon, Claire, additional, Tardivel, Catherine, additional, Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse, Delphine, additional, and Azzout-Marniche, Dalila, additional

Published
2023
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47. Compared with Raw Bovine Meat, Boiling but Not Grilling, Barbecuing, or Roasting Decreases Protein Digestibility without Any Major Consequences for Intestinal Mucosa in Rats, although the Daily Ingestion of Bovine Meat Induces Histologic Modifications in the Colon

Author

Oberli, Marion, Lan, Annaïg, Khodorova, Nadezda, Santé-Lhoutellier, Véronique, Walker, Francine, Piedcoq, Julien, Davila, Anne-Marie, Blachier, François, Tomé, Daniel, Fromentin, Gilles, and Gaudichon, Claire

Published
2016
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48. New Standards for Nutrition Science, Concepts and Methods—Low Socioeconomic Status and Overweight: Participatory Research Designs for the Development of Interventions

Author

Van Zutphen, Tim, Gaudichon, Claire, Morze, Jakub, Poulia, Liana, Da Silva, Gonçalo Rosa, Marcos, Ascensión, Haisma, Hinke, Van Zutphen, Tim, Gaudichon, Claire, Morze, Jakub, Poulia, Liana, Da Silva, Gonçalo Rosa, Marcos, Ascensión, and Haisma, Hinke

Abstract

[Background]: The heavy burden of obesity on individuals and society has attracted a lot of attention, and many strategies to prevent or reverse it have been developed. Consequently, many reviews exist on this topic, However, similar to the bulk of studies, most reviews on combatting obesity follow the traditional (bio)medical approach. Dedicated interventions that take the unequal distribution of obesity among socioeconomic groups into account, particularly by applying an interdisciplinary approach that includes participation of the most heavily burdened low-SES groups themselves, are much more scarce and thus also less frequently reviewed., [Objective]: We aim to write a scoping review on interventions or initiatives aiming at obesity among groups with low socioeconomic status that apply a form of participation of the target group. We will focus on community-based programmes., [Methods]: We performed a literature search in Scopus, Web of Science and Pubmed. Using Rayyan software [1], we identified 3227 articles, of which, after screening the abstracts and full texts, 16 were eligible for further extraction of data., [Results]: Currently, we are at the stage of data extraction. Preliminary findings show that participatory approaches have an effect on a range of outcomes in low-SES populations, including dietary patterns, sleep and/or BMI. Discussion: By confining the review to community-based participatory research, identifying causal relationships is not our main goal. Nevertheless, we will focus on interventions, initiatives or programmes that aim to generate an impact and therefore go beyond associations or identifications of underlying determinants. Instead, it may give us an understanding of why we tend to be ineffective in combatting obesity in low-SES populations with top-down approaches and possibly identify strategies that do have a long-term impact. At the conference, we will be able to present the final data and conclusions.

Published
2023

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