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Discusses the relationship between postmodern and the postcolonial era in the book `Foe,' by J.M. Coetzee. Counter ideologies of colonial discourse; Reworks of Coetzee's `Foe' with Robinson Crusoe which employs departures from the original text; Novel's shifting from autobiography to biography and social history.

This article presents an analysis of Toni Morrison's novel "Paradise." Many critics openly confronted the unconvincing logic of its "war between men and women" and its rigid male-female dichotomy. The gender dichotomy is one part of a larger series of oppositions that the novel expounds, and then explores the process by which popular national histories are made and sustained. Morrison is held with esteem for redressing the limited perspectives of mainstream United States history by reclaiming the narratives of African American history, particularly from a female point of view.