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9. Subsoiling practices change root distribution and increase post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and yield in summer maize

Author

Zhimin Wang, Xinbing Wang, Baoyuan Zhou, Zai-Song Ding, Wei Ma, Ming Zhao, Yang Yue, Ge Junzhu, Xuefang Sun, and Haipeng Hou

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Leaves, Density, lcsh:Medicine, Root system, Plant Science, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, Biochemistry, Vascular Medicine, Soil, Materials Physics, Medicine and Health Sciences, Photosynthesis, lcsh:Science, Plant Growth and Development, Multidisciplinary, Plant Biochemistry, Plant Anatomy, Physics, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plants, Root Growth, Experimental Organism Systems, Physical Sciences, Soil horizon, Planting, Research Article, Materials Science, Material Properties, Crops, Hemorrhage, Biology, Horticulture, Research and Analysis Methods, Zea mays, Model Organisms, Signs and Symptoms, Dry weight, Plant and Algal Models, Diagnostic Medicine, Dry matter, Grasses, lcsh:R, Organisms, Sowing, Biology and Life Sciences, Photosynthetic capacity, Bulk density, Agronomy, Maize, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, lcsh:Q, 010606 plant biology & botany, Developmental Biology, Crop Science, Cereal Crops
Abstract

Subsoiling is an important management practice for improving maize yield, especially for maize planted at high plant density. However, the affected physiological processes have yet to be specifically identified. In this study, field experiments with two soil tillage (CK: no-tillage, SS: subsoiling) and three planting densities (low: 45000 plants ha-1, medium: 67500plants ha-1, and high: 90000 plants ha-1) were conducted from 2010 to 2012 at Xinxiang, Henan province. Yield, canopy function, and root system were investigated to determine the associated physiological processes for improving maize production affected by soil tillage and plant density. Subsoiling significantly increased the grain yield of the low-, medium-, and high-planting densities by 6.21%, 8.92%, and 10.09%, respectively. Yield increase in the SS plots was mainly attributed to greater post-anthesis DMA and improved grain filling compared to CK plots. Greater green leaf area, leaf net photosynthetic rate, FV/Fm and ΦPSII in the SS plots were mainly contributed to enhanced dry matter production post-anthesis. This is mainly because subsoiling increased density of root dry weight in deep soil and root bleeding sap amount due to decreased the bulk density of the 0-30 cm soil profile layer. Density of root dry weight at 10-50 cm depth with SS increased by 40.68%, 32.17%, and 20.14% at low, medium, and high planting densities compared to CK, respectively, while the root bleeding sap amount increased by 17.41%, 15.82%, and 20.91%. These results indicate that subsoiling could change the root distribution and improve soil layer environment for root growth, thus maintaining a higher canopy photosynthetic capacity post-anthesis and in turn promoting DMA and yield, particularly at higher planting densities.

Published
2017

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