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1. Magnitude of Overweight and Obesity and Associated Factors Among Public and Private Secondary School Adolescent Students in Mekelle City, Tigray Region, Ethiopia, 2019: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Author: Andargie M, Gebremariam K, Hailu T, Addisu A, and Zereabruk K
Subjects: overweight and obesity, mekelle city, secondary school adolescents, magnitude, associated factors, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract: Malede Andargie,1 Kidanu Gebremariam,2 Tesfay Hailu,2 Alefech Addisu,2,3 Kidane Zereabruk4 1Department of Epidemiology, Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Kafta Humera Health Office, Humera, Tigray, Ethiopia; 2School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; 3Ethiopia Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 4School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Kidane ZereabrukSchool of Nursing, College of Health Sciences and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, 298, EthiopiaTel +251 914591272Email Zereabrukkidane@gmail.comBackground: Overweight and obesity emerged as one of the most serious public health concerns in adolescents. Overweight and obesity are problems of not only high income but also low-middle income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of overweight and obesity among public and private secondary school adolescents in Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019.Materials and Methods: A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Mekelle city, from April to May 2019. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 858 participants. Chi-square test was checked before bivariate logistic regression analyses. All variables at a p-value < 0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were entered into a multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between a set of independent variables with the dependent variable. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.Results: The magnitude of overweight and obesity in private and public schools were 11.8% and 3.9%, respectively. Consuming dinner not daily [AOR=5.3:95% CI=1.93– 14.6] and working moderate-intensity sports at least 10 minutes/day continuously [AOR=0.19:95% CI=0.04– 0.9] were associated factors of overweight and obesity in public school adolescent students. Being female [AOR=2.03:95% CI=1.08– 3.8], time taken from home to public physical activities ≤ 15 minutes [AOR=3.6:95% CI=1.13– 11.51], using transport from school to home [AOR=2.2:95% CI=1.06– 4.18] and good knowledgeable adolescents [AOR=0.5:95% CI=0.27– 0.9] were associated factors of overweight and obesity in private schools.Conclusion: The magnitude of overweight and obesity was higher among private schools. Consuming dinner not daily and working moderate-intensity sports at least 10 minutes/day continuously were the associated factors for the occurrence of overweight and obesity in public school adolescent students. Being female, time taken from home to public physical activity facilities ≤ 15 minutes, using transport from school to home, and nutritional knowledge status of adolescents were associated factors for overweight and obesity in private school adolescent students.Keywords: overweight and obesity, Mekelle City, secondary school adolescents, magnitude, associated factors
Published: 2021

2. Prevalence and associated factors of female genital cutting among young adult females in Jigjiga district, eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional mixed study

Author: Gebremariam K, Assefa D, and Weldegebreal F
Subjects: Female Genital Cutting, prevalence, Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract: Kidanu Gebremariam,1 Demeke Assefa,2 Fitsum Weldegebreal3 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, 2Reproductive Health and Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, 3Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of female genital cutting (FGC) among young adult (10–24 years of age) females in Jigjiga district, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional mixed method combining both quantitative and qualitative research methods was employed among 679 randomly selected young adult female students from Jigjiga district, Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia, from February to March 2014 to assess the prevalence and associated factors with FGC. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The qualitative data were collected using focus group discussion. Results: This study depicted that the prevalence of FGC among the respondents was found to be 82.6%. The dominant form of FGC in this study was type I FGC, 265 (49.3%). The majority of the respondents, 575 (88.3%), had good knowledge toward the bad effects of FGC. Four hundred and seven (62.7%) study participants had positive attitude toward FGC discontinuation. Religion, residence, respondents’ educational level, maternal education, attitude, and belief in religious requirement were the most significant predictors of FGC. The possible reasons for FGC practice were to keep virginity, improve social acceptance, have better marriage prospects, religious approval, and have hygiene. Conclusion: Despite girls’ knowledge and attitude toward the bad effects of FGC, the prevalence of FGC was still high. There should be a concerted effort among women, men, religious leaders, and other concerned bodies in understanding and clarifying the wrong attachment between the practice and religion through behavioral change communication and advocacy at all levels. Keywords: female genital cutting, prevalence, Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia, young adult, Jigjiga
Published: 2016

3. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Author: Kinyoki, D, Ross, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Munro, S, Schaeffer, L, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, N, Abebo, T, Abegaz, K, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abushouk, A, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adebiyi, A, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, A, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Aduroja, P, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, R, Ajumobi, O, Akal, C, Akalu, T, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, S, Alamene, G, Alanzi, T, Rabanal, J, Alema, N, Ali, B, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amare, A, Amegah, A, Amini, S, Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, Z, Antonio, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Araya, E, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Asgari, S, Asghari, B, Ashagre, A, Asrat, A, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azadmehr, A, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, Z, Babaee, E, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bahrami, M, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Bakkannavar, S, Balakrishnan, S, Bali, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Baradaran-Seyed, Z, Baraki, A, Barboza, M, Barnighausen, T, Barua, L, Basaleem, H, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bayih, M, Baynes, H, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, Y, Bennett, D, Berbada, D, Berhe, K, Berhe, A, Berman, A, Bernstein, R, Bhageerathy, R, Bhandari, D, Bharadwaj, P, Bhattacharjee, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Sayeed, M, Birara, S, Birhane, M, Birhanu, M, Biswas, R, Bitew, Z, Bogale, K, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Borzi, A, Borzouei, S, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Britton, G, Budhathoki, S, Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cano, J, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castro, F, Cerin, E, Chansa, C, Charan, J, Chatterjee, P, Chattu, V, Chauhan, B, Chavshin, A, Chehrazi, M, Chichiabellu, T, Chin, K, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Cicuttini, F, Collison, M, Cork, M, Cormier, N, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Dadi, A, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Gupta, R, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davis Weaver, N, Leo, D, Neve, J, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demissie, D, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, B, Desalew, A, Deshpande, A, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhillon, P, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, G, Nasab, M, Diaz, D, Forooshani, Z, Dinsa, G, Dipeolu, I, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doku, P, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubey, M, Adema, B, Dunachie, S, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Earl, L, Leylabadlo, H, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Elsharkawy, A, El-Sherbiny, Y, Elyazar, I, Emamian, M, Enany, S, Endalew, D, Endalifer, M, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esteghamati, A, Etemadi, A, Etisso, A, Fanzo, J, Farahmand, M, Faraj, A, Farashi, S, Fareed, M, Farioli, A, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Farzam, H, Fatima, S, Fattahi, N, Fauk, N, Fazaeli, A, Fentahun, N, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flohr, C, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Forster, J, Francis, J, Fukumoto, T, Gayesa, R, Geberemariyam, B, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremariam, H, Gebremariam, K, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebreslassie, A, Gebretsadik, G, Gedefaw, G, Geramo, Y, Gesesew, H, Geta, B, Getenet, A, Gezae, K, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghajarzadeh, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghiasvand, H, Gholamian, A, Gilani, S, Gill, T, Ginawi, I, Goli, S, Gomes, N, Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, A, Govindakarnavar, A, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Guimaraes, R, Guled, R, Guo, Y, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, M, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, B, Halvaei, I, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, Y, Handiso, D, Hankey, G, Haririan, H, Hariyani, N, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hasankhani, M, Hasanpoor, E, Hasanzadeh, A, Hashemian, M, Hassanipour, S, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hawkes, C, Hayat, K, Hayelom, D, Heidari, B, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Henry, N, Herrero, M, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, de Hidru, H, Hoang, C, Hoek, H, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hollerich, G, Rad, E, Hong, S, Hoogar, P, Horino, M, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Housseh, M, Hsairi, M, Hu, G, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, M, Imani-Nasab, M, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Iwu, C, Izadi, N, Jaafari, J, Jaca, A, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Balalami, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Jalilian, F, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jehan, F, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jia, P, John, O, John-Akinola, Y, Johnson, K, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kahsay, A, Kahssay, M, Kalani, H, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kapil, U, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karim, M, Karki, S, Kasaeian, A, Kasahun, G, Kasaye, H, Kassa, T, Kassaye, H, Kassebaum, N, Karyani, A, Kengne, A, Ketema, D, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khaksarian, M, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khalilov, R, Khan, A, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaei-Pool, M, Khazaei, M, Khazaei, S, Khodayari, M, Khosravi, M, Khundkar, R, Kiadaliri, A, Kianipour, N, Kiirithio, D, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kolola, T, Komaki, H, Kondlahalli, S, Koolivand, A, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kraemer, M, Krishan, K, Krohn, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Kumar, V, Kurmi, O, Kuti, O, Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lad, D, Lal, A, Lal, D, Lami, F, Lamichhane, P, Lang, J, Lansingh, V, Lasrado, S, Lebedev, G, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leili, M, Letourneau, I, Lewycka, S, Li, S, Lim, L, Linn, S, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Longbottom, J, Lopez, J, Lorkowski, S, Macarayan, E, Madadin, M, El Razek, H, El Razek, M, Maghavani, D, Mahasha, P, Mahotra, N, Maled, V, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Malta, D, Manafi, A, Manafi, F, Manafi, N, Manohar, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Mapoma, C, Marami, D, Marczak, L, Arnedo, C, Martins-Melo, F, Masaka, A, Massenburg, B, Maulik, P, Mayala, B, Mazidi, M, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Mehta, K, Meitei, W, Mekonnen, F, Mekonnen, T, Meles, G, Meles, H, Melese, A, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, M, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Miazgowski, T, Kostova, N, Miller, T, Mills, E, Mini, G, Mir, S, Miri, M, Mirjalali, H, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei, R, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohamadi, E, Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, A, Mohammad, K, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, D, Darwesh, A, Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, A, Mohebi, F, Mokari, A, Mokdad, A, Montanez, J, Montero-Zamora, P, Moodley, Y, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradi-Joo, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mosser, J, Mouodi, S, Khaneghah, A, Mozaffarian, D, Mueller, U, Murray, C, Murthy, G, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nabavizadeh, B, Naderi, M, Nadkarni, G, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nansseu, J, Narayan, K, Nascimento, B, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, D, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nigatu, D, Nigatu, Y, Nikbakhsh, R, Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nong, V, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Oancea, B, Ofori-Asenso, R, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Oladimeji, O, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Oluwasanu, M, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Asante, K, Oren, E, Orisakwe, O, Ortiz, A, Osarenotor, O, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Owolabi, M, P. A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parsian, H, Pashaei, T, Pasupula, D, Patel, S, Pathak, A, Pathak, M, Pati, S, Patle, A, Patton, G, Paulos, K, Toroudi, H, Pepito, V, Perico, N, Petri, W, Pickering, B, Pigott, D, Pirestani, M, Piroozi, B, Pirsaheb, M, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Kalhori, R, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prada, S, Preotescu, L, Pribadi, D, Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, S, Rai, R, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Ray, S, Remuzzi, G, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezaeian, S, Rezai, M, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rodriguez, A, Roever, L, Roro, E, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Rubagotti, E, Saad, A, Saadatagah, S, Sabde, Y, Sabour, S, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Safari, S, Safari, Y, Safarpour, H, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salahshoor, M, Salam, N, Salehi, F, Zahabi, S, Salem, H, Salem, M, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Kafil, H, Sambala, E, Samy, A, Santos, I, Jose, B, Saraswathy, S, Sarker, A, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Saxena, S, Sayyah, M, Sbarra, A, Schipp, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Senbeta, A, Senthilkumaran, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Shaahmadi, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shalash, A, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamshirian, A, Shamsizadeh, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sharif, M, Sharma, R, Shehata, H, Sheikhtaheri, A, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, W, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Silva, D, Simonetti, B, Singh, A, Singh, P, Singh, V, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Sintayehu, Y, Sisay, M, Soheili, A, Soleymani, B, Soltani, F, Soltani, S, Soriano, J, Sorrie, M, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, I, Spotin, A, Sreeramareddy, C, Srivastava, R, Starodubova, A, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, M, Suleria, H, Sulo, G, Sunguya, B, Sykes, B, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, B, Taherkhani, A, Tamirat, K, Tassew, S, Taveira, N, Teklehaimanot, B, Tekulu, G, Temsah, M, Terkawi, A, Tessema, Z, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tlaye, K, Tohidinik, H, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, K, Tripathi, M, Uddin, R, Ullah, I, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Useh, U, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vaezghasemi, M, Valdez, P, Vanderheide, J, Varavikova, E, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Veisani, Y, Venkatesh, S, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollmer, S, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Weldesamuel, G, Werdecker, A, Wiangkham, T, Wiens, K, Wijeratne, T, Wolde, H, Wondafrash, D, Wonde, T, Wondmieneh, A, Wu, A, Xu, G, Yadegar, A, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, S, Yamada, T, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaneh, A, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, Y, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Youm, Y, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousof, H, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, T, Zaki, L, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarafshan, H, Zepro, N, Zerfu, T, Zewale, T, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zodpey, S, Zomorodian, K, Zotor, F, Afshin, A, Hay, S, Kinyoki D. K., Ross J. M., Lazzar-Atwood A., Munro S. B., Schaeffer L. E., Abbasalizad-Farhangi M., Abbasi M., Abbastabar H., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahi M., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R. S., Abebe N. D., Abebo T. A., Abegaz K. H., Abolhassani H., Abreu L. G., Abrigo M. R. M., Abushouk A. I., Accrombessi M. M. K., Acharya D., Adabi M., Adebiyi A. O., Adedeji I. A., Adekanmbi V., Adeoye A. M., Adetokunboh O. O., Adham D., Aduroja P. E., Advani S. M., Afarideh M., Aghaali M., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M. B., Ahmed R., Ajumobi O., Akal C. G., Akalu T. Y., Akinyemiju T., Akombi B., Al-Aly Z., Alam S., Alamene G. M., Alanzi T. M., Rabanal J. E. A., Alema N. M., Ali B. A., Ali M., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S. M., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H. M., Al-Raddadi R. M., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N. J., Amare A. T., Amegah A. K., Amini S., Rarani M. A., Amiri F., Amit A. M. L., Anber N. H., Andrei C. L., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z. A., Antonio C. A. T., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Appiah S. C. Y., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Araya E. M., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Arnlov J., Arzani A., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A. A., Asgari S., Asghari B., Ashagre A. F., Asrat A. A., Ataeinia B., Atalay H. T., Atnafu D. D., Atout M. M. W., Ausloos M., Avokpaho E. F. G. A., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B. P. A., Ayanore M. A., Aynalem Y. A. A., Azadmehr A., Azari S., Azarian G., Azene Z. N., Babaee E., Badawi A., Badiye A. D., Bahrami M. A., Baig A. A. A., Bakhtiari A., Bakkannavar S. M., Balakrishnan S., Bali A. G., Banach M., Banik P. C., Baradaran-Seyed Z., Baraki A. G., Barboza M. A., Barnighausen T. W., Barua L., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bayati M., Bayih M. T., Baynes H. W., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bekele Y. A., Bennett D. A., Berbada D. A., Berhe K., Berhe A. K., Berman A. E., Bernstein R. S., Bhageerathy R., Bhandari D., Bharadwaj P., Bhattacharjee N. 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D., Lewycka S., Li S., Lim L. -L., Linn S., Liu S., Lodha R., Longbottom J., Lopez J. C. F., Lorkowski S., Macarayan E. R. K., Madadin M., El Razek H. M. A., El Razek M. M. A., Maghavani D. P., Mahasha P. W., Mahotra N. B., Maled V., Maleki A., Maleki S., Malta D. C., Manafi A., Manafi F., Manafi N., Manohar N. D., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Mapoma C. C., Marami D., Marczak L. B., Arnedo C. A. M., Martins-Melo F. R., Masaka A., Massenburg B. B., Maulik P. K., Mayala B. K., Mazidi M., Mehndiratta M. M., Mehri F., Mehta K. M., Meitei W. B., Mekonnen F. A., Mekonnen T., Meles G. G., Meles H. G., Melese A., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha M. B., Mensah G. A., Meretoja T. J., Miazgowski T., Kostova N. M., Miller T. R., Mills E. J., Mini G. K., Mir S. M., Miri M., Mirjalali H., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei R., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mithra P., Moazen B., Mohamadi E., Mohamadi-Bolbanabad A., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D. K., Darwesh A. M., Mezerji N. M. G., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed J. A., Mohammed A. S., Mohebi F., Mokari A., Mokdad A. H., Montanez J. C., Montero-Zamora P. A., Moodley Y., Moossavi M., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi Y., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradpour F., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S. D., Mosapour A., Mosser J. F., Mouodi S., Khaneghah A. M., Mozaffarian D., Mueller U. O., Murray C. J. L., Murthy G. V. S., Musa K. I., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Nabavizadeh B., Naderi M., Nadkarni G. N., Nagarajan A. J., Naghavi M., Naheed A., Naik G., Najafi F., Nansseu J. R., Narayan K. M. V., Nascimento B. R., Nayak V., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D. E., Negoi I., Negoi R. I., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Nigatu D., Nigatu Y. T., Nikbakhsh R., Ningrum D. N. A., Nnaji C. A., Nong V. M., Noubiap J. J., Nowak C., Oancea B., Ofori-Asenso R., Oghenetega O. B., Oh I. -H., Oladimeji O., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Olusanya B. O., Olusanya J. O., Oluwasanu M. M., Omer M. O., Onwujekwe O. E., Asante K. O., Oren E., Orisakwe O. E., Ortiz A., Osarenotor O., Osgood-Zimmerman A. E., Owolabi M. O., P. A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakshir K., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Parsian H., Pashaei T., Pasupula D. K., Patel S. K., Pathak A., Pathak M., Pati S., Patle A., Patton G. C., Paulos K., Toroudi H. P., Pepito V. C. F., Perico N., Petri W. A., Pickering B. V., Pigott D. M., Pirestani M., Piroozi B., Pirsaheb M., Pokhrel K. N., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Kalhori R. P., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Prada S. I., Preotescu L., Pribadi D. R. A., Syed Z. Q., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M. A., Rahman S., Rai R. K., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rajati F., Ramezanzadeh K., Rana S. M., Ranabhat C. L., Rao S. J., Rasella D., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D. L., Rawal L., Ray S. E., Remuzzi G., Renjith V., Renzaho A. M. N., Resnikoff S., Rezaei N., Rezaeian S., Rezai M. S., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Ribeiro A. I., Rickard J., Rodriguez A., Roever L., Roro E. M., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Rubagotti E., Saad A. M., Saadatagah S., Sabde Y. D., Sabour S., Sadeghi E., Sadeghi M., Safari S., Safari Y., Safarpour H., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M. A., Sajadi S. M., Salahshoor M. R., Salam N., Salehi F., Zahabi S. S., Salem H., Salem M. R. R., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Kafil H. S., Sambala E. Z., Samy A. M., Santos I. S., Jose B. P. S., Saraswathy S. Y. I., Sarker A. R., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Saxena S., Sayyah M., Sbarra A. N., Schipp M. F., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Schwebel D. C., Senbeta A. M., Senthilkumaran S., Seyedmousavi S., Shaahmadi F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shalash A. S., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamshirian A., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharif M., Sharma R., Shehata H. S., Sheikhtaheri A., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W. S., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shiue I., Shuval K., Siabani S., Siddiqi T. J., Sigfusdottir I. D., Silva D. A. S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Singh P., Singh V., Singh J. A., Singh P. K., Sinha D. N., Sintayehu Y., Sisay M. M. M., Soheili A., Soleymani B., Soltani F., Soltani S., Soriano J. B., Sorrie M. B., Soshnikov S., Soyiri I. N., Spotin A., Sreeramareddy C. T., Srivastava R. K. K., Starodubova A., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M. B., Suleria H. A. R., Sulo G., Sunguya B. F., Sykes B. L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadesse B. T., Taherkhani A., Tamirat K. S., Tassew S. G., Taveira N., Teklehaimanot B. F., Tekulu G. H., Temsah M. -H., Terkawi A. S., Tessema Z. T., Thomas N., Titova M. V., Tlaye K. G., Tohidinik H. R., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran K. B., Tripathi M., Uddin R., Ullah I., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Useh U., Usman M. S., Uthman O. A., Vacante M., Vaezghasemi M., Valdez P. R., VanderHeide J., Varavikova E., Varughese S., Vasankari T. J., Vasseghian Y., Veisani Y., Venkatesh S., Venketasubramanian N., Verma M., Vidale S., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vollmer S., Vukovic R., Waheed Y., Wang H., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Weldesamuel G. T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wiens K. E., Wijeratne T., Wolde H. F., Wondafrash D. Z., Wonde T. E., Wondmieneh A. B., Wu A. -M., Xu G., Yadegar A., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S. H. Y., Yamada T., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y. G., Yilma M. T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Youm Y., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousof H. -A. S. A., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Moghadam T. Z., Zaki L., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zarafshan H., Zepro N. B., Zerfu T. A., Zewale T. A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao X. -J., Zodpey S., Zomorodian K., Zotor F. B., Afshin A., and Hay S. I.
Abstract: A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
Published: 2020

4. The COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare systems in Africa: a scoping review of preparedness, impact and response

Author: Tessema, Gizachew, Kinfu, Yohannes, Dachew, Berihun, Tesema, Azeb, Assefa, Yibeltal, Alene, Kefyalew, Aregay, A., Ayalew, M., Bezabhe, W., Bali, A., Dadi, A., Duko, Bereket, Erku, D., Gebrekidan, K., Gebremariam, K., Gebremichael, L., Gebreyohannes, E., Gelaw, Y., Gesesew, H., Kibret, G., Leshargie, C., Meazew, M., Mekonnen, A., Mirkuzie, A., Mohammed, H., Tekle, D., Tesfay, F., Tessema, Gizachew, Kinfu, Yohannes, Dachew, Berihun, Tesema, Azeb, Assefa, Yibeltal, Alene, Kefyalew, Aregay, A., Ayalew, M., Bezabhe, W., Bali, A., Dadi, A., Duko, Bereket, Erku, D., Gebrekidan, K., Gebremariam, K., Gebremichael, L., Gebreyohannes, E., Gelaw, Y., Gesesew, H., Kibret, G., Leshargie, C., Meazew, M., Mekonnen, A., Mirkuzie, A., Mohammed, H., Tekle, D., and Tesfay, F.
Abstract: Background The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems in both developed and developing nations alike. Africa has one of the weakest health systems globally, but there is limited evidence on how the region is prepared for, impacted by and responded to the pandemic. Methods We conducted a scoping review of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL to search peer-reviewed articles and Google, Google Scholar and preprint sites for grey literature. The scoping review captured studies on either preparedness or impacts or responses associated with COVID-19 or covering one or more of the three topics and guided by Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. The extracted information was documented following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension checklist for scoping reviews. Finally, the resulting data were thematically analysed. Results Twenty-two eligible studies, of which 6 reported on health system preparedness, 19 described the impacts of COVID-19 on access to general and essential health services and 7 focused on responses taken by the healthcare systems were included. The main setbacks in health system preparation included lack of available health services needed for the pandemic, inadequate resources and equipment, and limited testing ability and surge capacity for COVID-19. Reduced flow of patients and missing scheduled appointments were among the most common impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health system responses identified in this review included the availability of telephone consultations, re-purposing of available services and establishment of isolation centres, and provisions of COVID-19 guidelines in some settings. Conclusions The health systems in Africa were inadequately prepared for the pandemic, and its impact was substantial. Responses were slow and did not match the magnitude of the problem. Interventions that will improve and strengthen health system resilience and financing through local, national and global eng
Published: 2021

5. Synthesis and characterization of fly ash and slag based geopolymer concrete

Author: Kallesten, B, primary, Kakay, S, additional, and Gebremariam, K, additional
Published: 2019
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6. Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fruits in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Author: Biset Asrade Mekonnen, Muluabay Getie Yizengaw, Haile Kassahun, and Gebremariam Ketema
Subjects: Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract: Background. Excess accumulation of potentially toxic elements in frequently consumed fruits is a serious threat to human health. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) and to estimate the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with their daily intake in commonly consumed fruits in Bahir Dar town, northwest Ethiopia. Methods. Three types of fruits (mango, banana, and orange) were collected using a simple random sampling method from open markets in Bahir Dar town. Wet digestion was used, and the concentration of potentially toxic elements was analyzed in the edible portion of the fruits. The average daily intake (ADI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TCR) were estimated to assess the human health risks posed by the intake of those potentially toxic elements from the consumption of the studied fruits. Results. The concentrations of Cr and Cu were lower than the maximum limit of normal values in mango, banana, and orange. However, the Pb and Cd concentrations (mg kg-1) in mango were 0.576 and 1.771, respectively, which exceeded the FAO/WHO recommended permissible limits of 0.3 mg kg-1 and 0.2 mg kg-1, respectively. The ADI of potentially toxic elements was found to be lower than the maximum permitted tolerable daily intake in the studied fruits, and the HI values (mgday-1 kg-1) of all studied potentially toxic elements were lower than one in banana and orange, except mango (3.69). The TCR values for Pb, Cd, and Cr in banana and orange were 7.16×10−4 and 7.15×10−4, respectively, which exceeded the recommended threshold risk limit (>1×10−4), but in mango (1.71×10−3), the level was above the moderate risk limit (>1×10−3). However, the TCR value in all the studied fruits was above the recommended safe limit (ILCR
Published: 2024
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7. Determination of the Selected Heavy Metal Content and Its Associated Health Risks in Selected Vegetables Marketed in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Author: Biset Asrade and Gebremariam Ketema
Subjects: Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract: Introduction. Fresh vegetables are of a great value and the most common foods in the human diet around the world. They contain minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, antimetabolites, protein, carbohydrates, and water. However, they are a major source of heavy metals, which contain both essential and toxic heavy metals over a wide range of concentrations. The study sites serve as a regional commercial center, where vegetables such as cabbages, onions, carrots, potatoes, beetroots, lettuce, and tomatoes were irrigated year round and sold to consumers. The aim of the study was to determine the level of cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead and to estimate the health risks associated with their daily intake of vegetables marketed in Bahir Dar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. The concentrations of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were determined, and their health risks were estimated using estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TCR) for selected heavy metals by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A total of 5 kg composite samples for each type of vegetable were collected by simple random sampling from an open market in Bahir Dar town, Northwest Ethiopia, and subsamples (1.25 kg) were digested via the wet digestion method. Results. The average concentrations of Cr and Cu in all selected vegetables were lower than the maximum limit of expected values. However, the concentration (mg.kg−1) of Pb in carrots, potatoes, and beetroots exceeded the safe limit of 0.3 mg·kg−1 set by the FAO/WHO and the concentration of Cd (mg·kg−1) in carrots, which is higher than the FAO/WHO limit, 0.2 mg·kg−1, in dry weight. The health index (HI) values (mg·kg−1 day−1) of all vegetables except carrots were lower than one. The TCR values for Pb, Cd, and Cr in all vegetables exceeded the US-EPA recommended threshold risk limit, but the TCR value of carrot was above the moderate risk limit (>1 × 10−3) set by the US-EPA. Conclusion. This study indicated that the concentration level of lead and cadmium in potatoes, onions, carrots, and beetroots marketed in Bahir Dar town is not safe for use by the local community. The consumption of carrots in the study area may cause both noncancerous and cancerous health risks. Therefore, regular monitoring of these toxic metals in vegetables should be carried out to prevent heavy metal toxicity associated with the consumption of those vegetables marketed in Bahir Dar town, Ethiopia.
Published: 2023
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8. Mapping of mothers' suffering and child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author: Bayuh Asmamaw Hailu, Gebremariam Ketema, and Joseph Beyene
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Child death and mothers who suffer from child death are a public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa. The location and associated factors of child death and mothers who suffer child death were not identified. To monitor and prioritize effective interventions, it is important to identify hotspots areas and associated factors. Data from nationally representative demographic and health survey and Multiple Indicator Cluster administrated in 42 Sub-Sahara Africa countries, which comprised a total of 398,574 mothers with 1,521,312 children. Spatial heterogeneity conducted hotspot regions identified. A mixed-effect regression model was run, and the adjusted ratio with corresponding 95% confidence intervals was estimated. The prevalence of mothers who suffer child death 27% and 45–49 year of age mother 48%. In Niger, 47% of mothers were suffering child death. Women being without HIV knowledge, stunted, wasted, uneducated, not household head, poor, from rural, and from subtropical significantly increased the odds of the case (P
Published: 2021
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9. Physico‐Chemical Characterization of Pigments and Binders of Murals in a Church in Ethiopia

Author: Gebremariam, K. F., primary, Kvittingen, L., additional, and Banica, F.‐G., additional
Published: 2015
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10. Levels of major and trace metals in the leaves and infusions of Croton macrostachyus

Author: A. Dubale, A., primary, S. Chandravanshi, B., additional, and F. Gebremariam, K., additional
Published: 2015
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11. Impacts of HIV/AIDS on Labor Allocation and Agrobiodiversity depend on the stage of the Epidemic: Case Studies in Ethiopia

Author: Gebreselassie Gebremariam, K., Price, L.L., Wesseler, J.H.H., van Ierland, E.C., Gebreselassie Gebremariam, K., Price, L.L., Wesseler, J.H.H., and van Ierland, E.C.
Abstract: This paper examines the impact of HIV/AIDS on labour allocation, crop choice and agrobiodiversity in Jimma Zone, south-western Ethiopia. The study comprised a survey of 205 farm households and an in-depth analysis of four rural households. HIV/AIDS caused households to increase sharecropping their land and led to more crop species grown in the home garden. The results show that the impact of HIV/AIDS on labour allocation and crop diversity depends on the stage of the disease and on which family member is (or members are) affected. Also labour allocation plays an important role, because of the options of having sharecropping contracts or opportunities for off-farm labour. The role of land tenure system in expanding the labour allocation and income-generating options has implications for intervention strategies in the various phases of the disease, both for men and women.
Published: 2008

12. Physico-Chemical Characterization of Pigments and Binders of Murals in a Church in Ethiopia.

Author: Gebremariam, K. F., Kvittingen, L., and Banica, F.‐G.
Subjects: *PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry, *PIGMENT analysis, *MURAL art, *BINDING mediums (Paint)
Abstract: Here, we report the physico-chemical characterization of wall paintings from the Petros and Paulos church in Ethiopia. This work represents the first technical study of paintings located in Ethiopia, rather than paintings in museum collections outside the country, using diverse analytical techniques. In situ examination with a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) was followed by analysis of samples using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS), attenuated total reflection - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and pyrolysis gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The paint stratigraphy, the compositions of the support material, the preparatory and painting layers were studied, as well as the morphology of the pigment particles. The results revealed the use of earth pigments and carbon black. The preparatory layer was uncommon; composed of dolomite, clay rich in clinochlore and sand, in contrast to the more common gypsum and calcite. The binder and the stratigraphic analyses suggested a distempera technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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13. Prevalence and associated factors of acute respiratory infection among street sweepers and door-to-door waste collectors in Dessie City, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study.

Author: Betelhiem Eneyew, Tadesse Sisay, Adinew Gizeyatu, Mistir Lingerew, Awoke Keleb, Asmamaw Malede, Ayechew Ademas, Mengesha Dagne, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Yitayish Damtie, Tesfaye Birhane Tegegne, Elsabeth Addisu, Zinabu Fentaw, Birhanu Wagaye, Alelgne Feleke, Seada Hassen, Gete Berihun, Masresha Abebe, Leykun Berhanu, Tarikuwa Natnael, Mohammed Yenuss, Gebremariam Ketema, Kassahun Bogale, Tilaye Matebe Yayeh, Maru Selamsew, Alemwork Baye, and Metadel Adane
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundAcute respiratory infections are rising in developing countries including Ethiopia. Lack of evidence for the prevalence and associated factors of acute respiratory infection among street sweepers and door-to-door waste collectors in Dessie City, Ethiopia is a challenge for the implementation of appropriate measures to control acute respiratory infection. Thus, this study was designed to address the gaps.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 84 door-to-door waste collectors and 84 street sweepers from March to May 2018. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected by trained data collectors using a pretested structured questionnaire and on-the-spot direct observation checklist. Data were analyzed using three different binary logistic regression models at 95% confidence interval (CI): the first model (Model I) was used to identify factors associated with acute respiratory infection among street sweepers, whereas the second model (Model II) was used to identify factors associated with acute respiratory infection among door-to-door waste collectors, and the third model (Model III) was used for pooled analysis to identify factors associated with acute respiratory infection among both street sweepers and door-to-door waste collectors. From each model multivariable logistic regression, variables with a p-value ResultsThe overall prevalence of acute respiratory infection among studied population was 42.85% with 95% CI (35.1, 50.0%). The prevalence of acute respiratory infection among street sweepers was 48.80% (95% CI: 37.3, 64.8%) and among door-to-door waste collectors was 36.90% (95% CI: 27.4, 46.4%). There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of acute respiratory infection among the two groups due to the overlapping of the 95% CI. Among the street sweepers, we found that factors significantly associated with acute respiratory infection were not cleaning personal protective equipment after use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.15, 5.51) and use of coal/wood for cooking (AOR: 3.95; 95% CI: 1.52, 7.89), whereas among door-to-door waste collectors, were not using a nose/mouth mask while on duty (AOR: 5.57; 95% CI: 1.39, 9.32) and not receiving health and safety training (AOR: 3.82; 95% CI: 1.14-7.03) were factors significantly associated with acute respiratory infection among door-to-door-waste collectors. From the pooled analysis, we found that not using a nose/mouth mask while on duty (AOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.16, 4.53) and using coal/wood for cooking (AOR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.18, 6.95) were factors significantly associated with acute respiratory infection for both street sweepers and door-to-door waste collectors.ConclusionThe prevalence of acute respiratory infection among street sweepers and door-to-door waste collectors has no statistically significant difference. For both groups, not using a nose/mouth mask while on duty and using coal/wood for cooking fuel factors associated with acute respiratory infection. The municipality should motivate and monitor workers use of personal protective equipment including masks and gloves. Workers should use a nose/mouth mask while on duty and should choose a clean energy source for cooking at home.
Published: 2021
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14. Water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions and prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among primary school children in Dessie City, Ethiopia.

Author: Awoke Aschale, Metadel Adane, Melaku Getachew, Kebede Faris, Daniel Gebretsadik, Tadesse Sisay, Reta Dewau, Muluken Genetu Chanie, Amare Muche, Aregash Abebayehu Zerga, Mistir Lingerew, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Leykun Berhanu, Ayechew Ademas, Masresha Abebe, Gebremariam Ketema, Mengistie Yirsaw, Kassahun Bogale, Fanos Yeshanew Ayele, Mequannent Sharew Melaku, Erkihun Tadesse Amsalu, Gedamnesh Bitew, Awoke Keleb, Gete Berihun, Tarikuwa Natnael, Seada Hassen, Mohammed Yenuss, Mengesha Dagne, Alelgne Feleke, and Helmut Kloos
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundIntestinal parasitosis is a major public health problem that affects the health of primary school children in low- and middle-income countries where water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions are deficient. Since there is a paucity of information on the prevalence and associated factors of this problem among primary school children in Dessie City in Ethiopia, this study was designed to address these gaps.MethodsA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 stratified-sampled primary school children in five primary schools at Dessie City from April to June 2018. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire, an observation checklist and laboratory analysis of stool samples. Stool specimen from each study participant was collected using clean, properly labeled and leak-proof stool cup. A portion of stool from each study participant collected sample was processed using saline wet mount technique and examined by microscope. The remaining specimens were preserved with 10% formalin and transported to Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital laboratory to be processed by using formol-ether concentration technique. Then, slide smears were prepared from each processed stool specimen and finally, it was microscopically examined with 10x as well as 40x objectives for the presence or absence of intestinal parasites. Factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis were determined using binary logistic regression model at 95% CI (confidence interval). Thus, bivariate (COR [crude odds ratio]) and multivariable (AOR [adjusted odds ratio]) logistic regression analyses were carried out. From the multivariable analysis, variables having a p-value of less than 0.05 were declared as factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis among primary school children.Main findingsThe overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was found to be 16.0% (95% CI: 12.5-19.4%), of these, 50.8% were positive for protozoa, 32.2% for helminth infections and 16.9% for double co-infections. Entamoeba histolytica was the most prevalent parasite (29.2%), followed by Giardia lamblia (21.5%), Ascaris lumbricoides (18.5%), Hymenolepis nana (9.2%) and Enterobius vermicularis (4.6%). Prevalence rates were similar among government (16.3%) and private (15.7%) school children. Water consumption was less than 5 liters per capita per day in 4 of the 5 schools. Thirty-eight (9.3%) of primary school students reported that they practiced open defecation. About two-thirds (285, 70.0%) said they always washed their hands after defecation. Mother's education (illiterate) (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.20-9.37), father's education (illiterate) (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.40-10.82), fathers who could read and write (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.25-7.86), handwashing before meal (sometimes) (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.11-4.17) and poor knowledge of WASH (AOR = 9.3; 95% CI: 2.17-16.70) were statistically associated with presence of intestinal parasitic infections.ConclusionWe concluded that the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in the study area among Grades 4-8 primary school children had public health significance. Factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis among primary school children's were illiterate mothers and fathers, irregular handwashing of children before meals, and poor knowledge of WASH. Health education to improve students' WASH knowledge and mass deworming for parasites are recommended as preventive measures; and improvements to the quality of WASH facilities in primary schools are strongly recommended to support these measures.
Published: 2021
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15. Prevalence and associated factors of needle stick and sharps injuries among healthcare workers in northwestern Ethiopia.

Author: Zemene Berhan, Asmamaw Malede, Adinew Gizeyatu, Tadesse Sisay, Mistir Lingerew, Helmut Kloos, Mengesha Dagne, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Gebremariam Ketema, Kassahun Bogale, Betelhiem Eneyew, Seada Hassen, Tarikuwa Natnael, Mohammed Yenuss, Leykun Berhanu, Masresha Abebe, Gete Berihun, Birhanu Wagaye, Kebede Faris, Awoke Keleb, Ayechew Ademas, Akalu Melketsadik Woldeyohanes, Alelgne Feleke, Tilaye Matebe Yayeh, Muluken Genetu Chanie, Amare Muche, Reta Dewau, Zinabu Fentaw, Wolde Melese Ayele, Wondwosen Mebratu, Bezawit Adane, Tesfaye Birhane Tegegne, Elsabeth Addisu, Mastewal Arefaynie, Melaku Yalew, Yitayish Damtie, Bereket Kefale, Zinet Abegaz Asfaw, Atsedemariam Andualem, Belachew Tegegne, Emaway Belay, and Metadel Adane
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundNeedle stick and sharp injuries (NSSIs) are a common problem among healthcare workers (HCWs). Although the factors related to NSSIs for HCWs are well documented by several studies in Ethiopia, no evidence has been reported about the magnitude of and factors related to NSSIs in hospitals in northwestern Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out from January to March 2019 among 318 HCWs in three randomly-selected hospitals of the eight hospitals found in South Gondar Zone. Sample sizes were proportionally allocated to professional categories. Study participants were selected by systematic random sampling methods using the monthly salary payroll for each profession as the sampling frame. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The outcome of this study was the presence (injured) or absence of NSSIs during the 12 months prior to data collection. A binary logistic regression model with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for data analysis. Variables from the bi-variable analysis with a p-value ≤ 0.25 were retained into the multivariable analysis. From the multivariable analysis, variables with a p-value less than 0.05 was declared as factors significantly associated with NSSIs.Main findingsThe prevalence of NSSIs was 29.5% (95% CI: 24.2-35.5%) during the 12 months prior to the survey. Of these, 46.0% reported that their injuries were moderate, superficial (33.3%) or severe (20.7%). About 41.4% of the injuries were caused by a suture needle. Factors significantly associated with NSSIs were occupation as a nurse (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.18-4.26), disposal of sharp materials in places other than in safety boxes (AOR = 3.93, 95% CI: 2.10-5.35), recapping of needles (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.13-4.56), and feeling sleepy at work (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.14-4.41).ConclusionThis study showed that almost one-third of HCWs had sustained NSSIs, a proportion that is high. Factors significantly associated with NSSIs were occupation as a nurse, habit of needle recapping, disposal of sharp materials in places other than in safety boxes and feeling sleepy at work. Observing proper and regular universal precautions for nurses during daily clinical activities and providing safety boxes for the disposal of sharp materials, practicing mechanical needle recapping and preventing sleepiness by reducing work overload among HCWs may reduce the incidence of NSSIs.
Published: 2021
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16. Health Risk Assessment and Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Commonly Consumed Traditional Herbal Preparations in Northeast Ethiopia

Author: Mihreteab Meseret, Gebremariam Ketema, and Haile Kassahun
Subjects: Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Background. Most traditional medicines were prepared from plant origins. These plants could be contaminated by heavy metals, pesticides, and/or toxins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the level of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) in frequently used traditional herbal preparations sold in Northeast Ethiopia and to estimate their health risks associated with their daily intake. Methods. A total of 6 traditional herbal preparations were randomly collected from local herbal shops of Dessie and Kombolcha town, Northeast Ethiopia. The samples were prepared for analysis by wet digestion method using nitric acid and hydrochloric acid treatment. The accuracy of the method was analyzed by the spike recovery test. Determination of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy was made in herbal preparations traditionally used in Dessie and Kombolcha town, Northeast Ethiopia. By calculating estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotients (HQ), and Hazard Index (HI) of metals, the health risk associated with the consumption of the analyzed herbal preparations was also evaluated. Results. The levels of heavy metals were in the range of 3.0–3.92 mg/kg for Pb, 5.35–10.7 mg/kg for Cr, and 0.815–12.3 mg/kg for Cu. However, cadmium was not detected in any of the traditional herbal preparations. This study revealed that the level of Pb and Cu in all analyzed samples was within the WHO maximum permissible limit of 10 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The level of Cr in all traditional herbal preparations was beyond the WHO maximum permissible limit (2 mg/kg). From the health point of view, the HQ value of Cr for KD-03 and KD-04 is greater than 1, suggesting potential health risk. Furthermore, the HI value had revealed that the consumption of KD-02, KD-03, and KD-04 samples had the potential of posing health risks to consumers over long-term consumption of herbal preparations. Conclusion. This study showed that most of the metal concentration levels in the herbal products were within the WHO maximum permissible limits. However, all samples had Cr levels above the WHO maximum permissible limit. Based on the results of this study, there would be a noncarcinogenic health risk to the consumer associated with the consumption of some herbal preparations marketed in Northeast Ethiopia.
Published: 2020
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17. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Author: Kinyoki, Damaris K., Ross, Jennifer M., Lazzar-Atwood, Alice, Munro, Sandra B., Schaeffer, Lauren E., Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Mahdieh, Abbasi, Masoumeh, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R. M., Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Adabi, Maryam, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Aduroja, Posi Emmanuel, Advani, Shailesh M., Afarideh, Mohsen, Aghaali, Mohammad, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Rushdia, Ajumobi, Olufemi, Akal, Chalachew Genet, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Samiah, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alanzi, Turki M., Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde, Alema, Niguse Meles, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Muhammad, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almasi, Afshin, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amare, Azmeraw T., Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Saeed, Rarani, Mostafa Amini, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amit, Arianna Maever Loreche, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Araya, Ephrem Mebrahtu, Arefi, Zohreh, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari, Babak, Ashagre, Alebachew Fasil, Asrat, Anemaw A., Ataeinia, Bahar, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A., Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Yared A. Asmare, Azadmehr, Abbas, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bahrami, Mohamad Amin, Baig, Atif Amin A., Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Palash Chandra, Baradaran-Seyed, Zahra, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barboza, Miguel A., Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barua, Lingkan, Basaleem, Huda, Basu, Sanjay, Bayati, Mohsen, Bayih, Mulat Tirfie, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Yibeltal Alemu, Bennett, Derrick A., Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam, Berman, Adam E., Bernstein, Robert S., Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bharadwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharjee, Natalia V., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin, Birara, Setognal, Birhane, Minuye Biniam Biniam, Birhanu, Minyichil, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Zebenay Workneh, Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Borzì, Antonio M., Borzouei, Shiva, Brady, Oliver J., Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Braithwaite, Dejana, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle, Budhathoki, Shyam S., Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Félix, Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castro, Franz, Cerin, Ester, Chansa, Collins, Charan, Jaykaran, Chatterjee, Pranab, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chauhan, Bal Govind, Chavshin, Ali Reza, Chehrazi, Mohammad, Chichiabellu, Tesfaye Yitna, Chin, Ken Lee, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Collison, Michael L., Cork, Michael A., Cormier, Natalie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera M., Dadi, Abel Fekadu Fekadu, Dagnew, Baye, Dahlawi, Saad M. A., Damiani, Giovanni, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Gupta, Rajat Das, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Leo, Diego De, Neve, Jan-Walter De, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh, Demissie, Dereje Bayissa, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Desai, Rupak, Desalegn, Beruk Berhanu, Desalew, Assefa, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dey, Sagnik, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhillon, Preeti, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Nasab, Mostafa Dianati, Diaz, Daniel, Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji, Dinsa, Girmaye Deye, Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Do, Huyen Phuc, Doku, Paul Narh, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Dubey, Manisha, Adema, Bereket Duko, Dunachie, Susanna J., Duncan, Bruce B., Cousin, Ewerton, Durães, Andre R., Earl, Lucas, Leylabadlo, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh, Eftekhari, Aziz, El Sayed, Iman, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elemineh, Demelash Abewa, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., El-Khatib, Ziad, Elsharkawy, Aisha, El-Sherbiny, Yasser Mohamed, Elyazar, Iqbal R. F., Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Enany, Shymaa, Endalew, Daniel Adane, Endalifer, Melese Linger, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esteghamati, Alireza, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Fanzo, Jessica, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Farashi, Sajjad, Fareed, Mohammad, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzam, Hossein, Fatima, Syeda Sadia, Fattahi, Nazir, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fentahun, Netsanet, Ferede, Tomas Y., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, João C., Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Foroutan, Masoud, Förster, Jana, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremariam, Hadush, Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew, Gebretsadik, Gebretsadkan G. G., Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Geta, Birhanu, Getenet, Agegnehu Bante, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Tiffany K., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Goli, Srinivas, Gomes, Nelson G. M., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C., Govindakarnavar, Arunkumar, Grada, Ayman, Grivna, Michal, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Michael Tamene, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Yadollah, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Hariyani, Ninuk, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md. Mehedi, Hasankhani, Milad, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hashemian, Maryam, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawkes, Corinna, Hayat, Khezar, Hayelom, Desta Haftu, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Henry, Nathaniel J., Herrero, Mario, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, de Hidru, Hagos D., Hoang, Chi Linh, Hoek, Hans W., Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollerich, Gillian, Rad, Enayatollah Homaie, Hong, Sung Hwi, Hoogar, Praveen, Horino, Masako, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwu, Chidozie C. D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Izadi, Neda, Jaafari, Jalil, Jaca, Anelisa, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Balalami, Nader Jafari, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jehan, Fyezah, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jia, Peng, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Kimberly B., Jonas, Jost B., Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kahsay, Amaha, Kahssay, Molla, Kalani, Hamed, Kalankesh, Leila L., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapil, Umesh, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami, Manoochehr, Matin, Behzad Karami, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd A., Karki, Surendra, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassaye, Hagazi Gebremedhin, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Ketema, Daniel Bekele, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Asad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Mohammad Saud, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir, Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei-Pool, Maryam, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaei, Salman, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khundkar, Roba, Kiadaliri, Ali, Kianipour, Neda, Kiirithio, Daniel N., Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kolola, Tufa, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kondlahalli, Shivakumar K. M., Koolivand, Ali, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kugbey, Nuworza, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kurmi, Om P., Kuti, Oluwatosin, Vecchia, Carlo La, Lacey, Ben, Lad, Deepesh P., Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lamichhane, Prabhat, Lang, Justin J., Lansingh, Van C., Lasrado, Savita, Lebedev, Georgy, Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leili, Mostafa, Letourneau, Ian D., Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Lodha, Rakesh, Longbottom, Joshua, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lorkowski, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Madadin, Mohammed, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd, Maghavani, Dhaval P., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Maled, Venkatesh, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manafi, Ali, Manafi, Farzad, Manafi, Navid, Manohar, Narendar Dawanu, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Marami, Dadi, Marczak, Laurie B., Arnedo, Carlos Alberto Marrugo, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Maulik, Pallab K., Mayala, Benjamin K., Mazidi, Mohsen, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Freshteh, Mehta, Kala M., Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew, Mekonnen, Teferi, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Melese, Addisu, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Meresa Berwo, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Tuomo J., Miazgowski, Tomasz, Kostova, Neda Milevska, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mini, G. K., Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Miri, Mohammad, Mirjalali, Hamed, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Amjad, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad, Dara K., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Salahuddin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H., Montañez, Julio Cesar, Montero-Zamora, Pablo A., Moodley, Yoshan, Moossavi, Maryam, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradpour, Farhad, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mouodi, Simin, Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Murray, Christopher J. L., Murthy, G. V. S., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nadkarni, Girish N., Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Narayan, K. M. Venkat, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nayak, Vinod, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nigatu, Dabere, Nigatu, Yeshambel T., Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Nong, Vuong Minh, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Oancea, Bogdan, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, Omer, Muktar Omer, Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Asante, Kwaku Oppong, Oren, Eyal, Orisakwe, Orish Ebere, Ortiz, Alberto, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E., Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P. A., Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Parsian, Hadi, Pashaei, Tahereh, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Ashish, Pathak, Mona, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C., Paulos, Kebreab, Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Perico, Norberto, Petri, William A., Pickering, Brandon V., Pigott, David M., Pirestani, Majid, Piroozi, Bakhtiar, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prada, Sergio I., Preotescu, Liliana, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J., Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Ray, Sarah E., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Rickard, Jennifer, Rodriguez, Alina, Roever, Leonardo, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Rubagotti, Enrico, Saad, Anas M., Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Safari, Saeed, Safari, Yahya, Safarpour, Hamid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Salehi, Farkhonde, Zahabi, Saleh Salehi, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa R. Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Kafil, Hossein Samadi, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Santos, Itamar S., Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Saxena, Sonia, Sayyah, Mehdi, Sbarra, Alyssa N., Schipp, Megan F., Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shaahmadi, Faramarz, Shafaat, Omid, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S., Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamshirian, Amir, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharma, Rajesh, Shehata, Hatem Samir, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simonetti, Biagio, Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Pushpendra, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sintayehu, Yitagesu, Sisay, Malede Mequanent M., Soheili, Amin, Soleymani, Bija, Soltani, Farzaneh, Soltani, Shahin, Soriano, Joan B., Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Spotin, Adel, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srivastava, Rajni Kant Kant, Starodubova, Antonina, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu’awiyyah Babale, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sykes, Bryan L., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun, Taherkhani, Amir, Tamirat, Koku Sisay, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Taveira, Nuno, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, Tekulu, Gebretsadkan Hintsa, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thomas, Nihal, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Manjari, Uddin, Riaz, Ullah, Irfan, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Useh, Ushotanefe, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A., Vacante, Marco, Vaezghasemi, Masoud, Valdez, Pascual R., VanderHeide, John, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venkatesh, Srinivasaraghavan, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Madhur, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasily, Vollmer, Sebastian, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werdecker, Andrea, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E., Wijeratne, Tissa, Wolde, Haileab Fekadu, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Wu, Ai-Min, Xu, Gelin, Yadegar, Abbas, Yadollahpour, Ali, Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh, Yamada, Tomohide, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Youm, Yoosik, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A., Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Moghadam, Telma Zahirian, Zaki, Leila, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zarafshan, Hadi, Zepro, Nejimu Biza, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zewale, Taye Abuhay, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Xiu-Ju, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zomorodian, Kamiar, Zotor, Francis Bruno, Afshin, Ashkan, Hay, Simon I., LBD Double Burden of Malnutrition Collaborator, Violante FS, Adema, Bereket Duko, Yeshaw, Yigizie, LBD Double Burden of Malnutrition Collaborators, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 10922180 - Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, UAM. Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Department of Earth Observation Science, UT-I-ITC-ACQUAL, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Sálfræðideild (HR), Department of Psychology (RU), Samfélagssvið (HR), School of Social Sciences (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (ISS-FJD), Kinyoki, D, Ross, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Munro, S, Schaeffer, L, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, N, Abebo, T, Abegaz, K, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abushouk, A, Accrombessi, M, 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A, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, Z, Babaee, E, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bahrami, M, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Bakkannavar, S, Balakrishnan, S, Bali, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Baradaran-Seyed, Z, Baraki, A, Barboza, M, Barnighausen, T, Barua, L, Basaleem, H, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bayih, M, Baynes, H, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, Y, Bennett, D, Berbada, D, Berhe, K, Berhe, A, Berman, A, Bernstein, R, Bhageerathy, R, Bhandari, D, Bharadwaj, P, Bhattacharjee, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Sayeed, M, Birara, S, Birhane, M, Birhanu, M, Biswas, R, Bitew, Z, Bogale, K, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Borzi, A, Borzouei, S, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Britton, G, Budhathoki, S, Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cano, J, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castro, F, Cerin, E, Chansa, C, Charan, J, Chatterjee, P, Chattu, V, Chauhan, B, Chavshin, A, Chehrazi, M, Chichiabellu, T, Chin, K, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Cicuttini, F, Collison, M, Cork, M, Cormier, N, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Dadi, A, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Gupta, R, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davis Weaver, N, Leo, D, Neve, J, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demissie, D, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, B, Desalew, A, Deshpande, A, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhillon, P, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, G, Nasab, M, Diaz, D, Forooshani, Z, Dinsa, G, Dipeolu, I, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doku, P, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubey, M, Adema, B, Dunachie, S, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Earl, L, Leylabadlo, H, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Elsharkawy, A, El-Sherbiny, Y, Elyazar, I, Emamian, M, Enany, S, Endalew, D, Endalifer, M, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esteghamati, A, Etemadi, A, Etisso, A, Fanzo, J, Farahmand, M, Faraj, A, Farashi, S, 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Mosser, J, Mouodi, S, Khaneghah, A, Mozaffarian, D, Mueller, U, Murray, C, Murthy, G, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nabavizadeh, B, Naderi, M, Nadkarni, G, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nansseu, J, Narayan, K, Nascimento, B, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, D, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nigatu, D, Nigatu, Y, Nikbakhsh, R, Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nong, V, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Oancea, B, Ofori-Asenso, R, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Oladimeji, O, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Oluwasanu, M, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Asante, K, Oren, E, Orisakwe, O, Ortiz, A, Osarenotor, O, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Owolabi, M, P. A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parsian, H, Pashaei, T, Pasupula, D, Patel, S, Pathak, A, Pathak, M, Pati, S, Patle, A, Patton, G, Paulos, K, Toroudi, H, Pepito, V, Perico, N, Petri, W, Pickering, B, Pigott, D, Pirestani, M, Piroozi, B, Pirsaheb, M, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Kalhori, R, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prada, S, Preotescu, L, Pribadi, D, Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, S, Rai, R, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Ray, S, Remuzzi, G, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezaeian, S, Rezai, M, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rodriguez, A, Roever, L, Roro, E, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Rubagotti, E, Saad, A, Saadatagah, S, Sabde, Y, Sabour, S, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Safari, S, Safari, Y, Safarpour, H, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salahshoor, M, Salam, N, Salehi, F, Zahabi, S, Salem, H, Salem, M, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Kafil, H, Sambala, E, Samy, A, Santos, I, Jose, B, Saraswathy, S, Sarker, A, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Saxena, S, Sayyah, M, Sbarra, A, Schipp, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Senbeta, A, Senthilkumaran, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Shaahmadi, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shalash, A, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamshirian, A, Shamsizadeh, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sharif, M, Sharma, R, Shehata, H, Sheikhtaheri, A, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, W, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Silva, D, Simonetti, B, Singh, A, Singh, P, Singh, V, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Sintayehu, Y, Sisay, M, Soheili, A, Soleymani, B, Soltani, F, Soltani, S, Soriano, J, Sorrie, M, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, I, Spotin, A, Sreeramareddy, C, Srivastava, R, Starodubova, A, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, M, Suleria, H, Sulo, G, Sunguya, B, Sykes, B, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, B, Taherkhani, A, Tamirat, K, Tassew, S, Taveira, N, Teklehaimanot, B, Tekulu, G, Temsah, M, Terkawi, A, Tessema, Z, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tlaye, K, Tohidinik, H, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, K, Tripathi, M, Uddin, R, Ullah, I, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Useh, U, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vaezghasemi, M, Valdez, P, Vanderheide, J, Varavikova, E, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Veisani, Y, Venkatesh, S, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollmer, S, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Weldesamuel, G, Werdecker, A, Wiangkham, T, Wiens, K, Wijeratne, T, Wolde, H, Wondafrash, D, Wonde, T, Wondmieneh, A, Wu, A, Xu, G, Yadegar, A, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, S, Yamada, T, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaneh, A, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, Y, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Youm, Y, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousof, H, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, T, Zaki, L, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarafshan, H, Zepro, N, Zerfu, T, Zewale, T, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zodpey, S, Zomorodian, K, Zotor, F, Afshin, A, Hay, S, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), and Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)
Subjects: Male, Local patterns, Double burden, Börn, Research & Experimental Medicine, Sjúkdómseinkenni, DOUBLE BURDEN, Childhood overweight, Lífefnafræði, Læknisfræði, 0302 clinical medicine, Syndemic, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, under 5 years of age, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Geography, Medicine, Research & Experimental, Child, Preschool, Income, GROWTH, AFRICA, medicine.medical_specialty, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, RJ, Medicina, Immunology, education, MODELS, wa_395, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Author Correction, Developing Countries, Poverty, Biology, LBD Double Burden of Malnutrition Collaborators, Demography, Science & Technology, Wasting Syndrome, Public health, MORTALITY, Infant, Næringarskortur, medicine.disease, Obesity, TRENDS, signs and symptoms, Social Class, Risk factors, Sameindalíffræði, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, UNDERNUTRITION, Human medicine, Clinical Medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Pediatric Obesity, obesity, Offita, Áhættuþættir, Geographic Mapping, Overweight, RA0421, Global health, risk factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Signs and symptoms, Wasting, Malnutrition, Global Burden of Diseases, Global Nutrition, low- and middle-income countries, 2. Zero hunger, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, A900 Others in Medicine and Dentistry, Childhood wasting, PREVALENCE, Chemistry, Mapping, Female, Lýðheilsa, medicine.symptom, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, GROWTH FAILURE, Nutritional Status, malnutrition, ITC-HYBRID, ws_115, children, Environmental health, medicine, Erfðafræði, wd_200, Malnutrition, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, Cell Biology, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, NA
Abstract: Artículo con numerosos autores, sólo se mencionan el primero, los de la UAM y grupo colectivo, A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of, This work was primarily supported by grant OPP1132415 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation awarded to S.I.H.
Published: 2020

18. Prevalence of vicarious trauma, depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, and resilience among the Tigrayan diaspora in Australia: A cross-sectional study following the Tigray conflict.

Author: Gesesew HA, Tesfamicael KG, Mwanri L, Atey TM, Gebremedhin A, Gebremariam K, Tesema AG, Hailu S, Tesfay FH, Miruts K, Musker M, Tekle D, Woldegiorgis M, and Ward P
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Australia epidemiology, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Stress, Psychological psychology, Stress, Psychological epidemiology, Compassion Fatigue epidemiology, Compassion Fatigue psychology, Adolescent, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic psychology, Resilience, Psychological, Anxiety epidemiology, Anxiety psychology, Depression epidemiology, Depression psychology, Refugees psychology, Refugees statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Ethiopia's Tigray in 2020. This war has had a detrimental impact on the mental health and overall wellbeing of Tigrayans living in other countries and abroad. The present study investigated the state of mental health and wellbeing among Tigrayan diaspora living in Australia, many of whom are migrants, but most are refugees., Methods: We employed a cross-sectional survey gathered through Qualtrics-designed hybrid data collection techniques. We assessed vicarious trauma using the secondary traumatic stress scale (STSS), depression, anxiety, and stress using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), PTSD using PTSD Checklist- Civilian Version (PCLC), and resilience using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). We calculated the psychometric properties of these tools among the population. We employed binary logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest., Findings: 241 people participated in the survey. Intrusion symptoms of vicarious trauma were prevalent among 85.6 % (172/201) of participants, avoidance symptoms of vicarious trauma among 87.6 % (176/201) of participants, and arousal vicarious trauma among 83.6 % (168/201) of participants. Extremely severe depression was prevalent among 38.2 % (81/212) of participants, extremely severe anxiety among 47.6 % (101/212) of participants, and extremely severe stress among (26.9 % (57/212) of participants. PTSD symptoms were prevalent among 75 % (151/204) of participants. Resilience was reduced among 67.5 % (135/200) of participants., Interpretation: The study implies that conflict occurring in one's home country can have a profound impact on the mental wellbeing of individuals residing abroad., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no competing interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2025
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19. Reducing Undernutrition through Counseling on Diversified Food Intake among Adult People Living with HIV on HAART, Northern Ethiopia.

Author: Tedla WH, Aregay A, Gebremariam K, Abrha MW, and Weldearegay HG
Abstract: Background: HIV/AIDS and malnutrition are interrelated and exacerbate one another in a vicious cycle. As HIV infection progresses it causes catabolic state and increases susceptibility to other infections, leading to progressive aggravation of undernutrition. However, data are lacking in Ethiopia on determinants of undernutrition among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to assess determinants of undernutrition among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Northern Ethiopia., Method: Facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 324 randomly selected people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART). A structured and pretested interviewer questionnaire was used to collect data, while digital Seca weight and Seca measuring rod were used to measure weight and height, respectively. Logistic regression was used to identify independent factors of undernutrition, and p value <0.05 was declared for statistical significance. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21™., Result: This study revealed that people of younger age and those on ART (AOR = 0.29 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.84)) had low risk of being undernourished. However, average individual monthly income (AOR = 2.61 (95% CI: 1.48, 4.61)), not receiving nutritional counseling during visits (AOR = 2.5 (95% CI: 1.52-3.89)), and low diet diversity (AOR = 10.55 (95% CI: 4.17, 26.73)) had higher odds of undernutrition among people living with HIV/AIDS., Conclusion: Age of patients, average monthly income, nutritional counseling during visits, and diet diversity were the independent factors of undernutrition. Counseling on well-timed and sufficient consumption of nutritious foods, economic strengthening, and livelihood activities is important. Future longitudinal study is necessary to elucidate the problem of undernutrition among people living with HIV/AIDS., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Weldegebrial Hayelom Tedla et al.)
Published: 2020
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20. Nutritional status significantly affects hospital length of stay among surgical patients in public hospitals of Northern Ethiopia: single cohort study.

Author: Abrha MW, Seid O, Gebremariam K, Kahsay A, and Weldearegay HG
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Ethiopia, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surgical Procedures, Operative classification, Young Adult, Hospitals, Public, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Nutritional Status, Surgical Procedures, Operative methods
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of nutritional status on length of hospital stay in Northern Ethiopia., Result: Institutional based prospective cohort study was conducted among 324 admitted surgical patients. Length of hospital stay were significantly associated with duration of disease (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) = 3.7,95% Confidence interval (CI):2.35-5.82), history of surgery (AHR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.40, 95% CI 1.17-1.86), nutritional status (Body Mass Index (AHR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.28-1.51), Mid Upper Arm Circumference (AHR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.04-1.62)) and individual diet diversity score (AHR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.14-6.14). Screening of patients for malnutrition at admission and provision of dietary supplements based on their nutritional status is recommended.
Published: 2019
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20 results on '"Gebremariam K"'

1. Magnitude of Overweight and Obesity and Associated Factors Among Public and Private Secondary School Adolescent Students in Mekelle City, Tigray Region, Ethiopia, 2019: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2. Prevalence and associated factors of female genital cutting among young adult females in Jigjiga district, eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional mixed study

3. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

4. The COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare systems in Africa: a scoping review of preparedness, impact and response

5. Synthesis and characterization of fly ash and slag based geopolymer concrete

6. Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fruits in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

7. Determination of the Selected Heavy Metal Content and Its Associated Health Risks in Selected Vegetables Marketed in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

8. Mapping of mothers' suffering and child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

9. Physico‐Chemical Characterization of Pigments and Binders of Murals in a Church in Ethiopia

10. Levels of major and trace metals in the leaves and infusions of Croton macrostachyus

11. Impacts of HIV/AIDS on Labor Allocation and Agrobiodiversity depend on the stage of the Epidemic: Case Studies in Ethiopia

12. Physico-Chemical Characterization of Pigments and Binders of Murals in a Church in Ethiopia.

13. Prevalence and associated factors of acute respiratory infection among street sweepers and door-to-door waste collectors in Dessie City, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study.

14. Water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions and prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among primary school children in Dessie City, Ethiopia.

15. Prevalence and associated factors of needle stick and sharps injuries among healthcare workers in northwestern Ethiopia.

16. Health Risk Assessment and Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Commonly Consumed Traditional Herbal Preparations in Northeast Ethiopia

17. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

18. Prevalence of vicarious trauma, depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, and resilience among the Tigrayan diaspora in Australia: A cross-sectional study following the Tigray conflict.

19. Reducing Undernutrition through Counseling on Diversified Food Intake among Adult People Living with HIV on HAART, Northern Ethiopia.

20. Nutritional status significantly affects hospital length of stay among surgical patients in public hospitals of Northern Ethiopia: single cohort study.

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