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8. The untold history of banana bunchy top disease.

Author

Geering, Andrew D. W.

Subjects
*TROPICAL fruit, *BANANAS, *WORLD War I, *SCIENTIFIC community, *FARMERS, *FRUIT industry
Abstract

Of all the plant diseases that occur in Australia, banana bunchy top disease would rank high on any list of those that have had the greatest impact on society. Bunchy top first became a major problem in Australia during World War 1 in the Tweed Valley in New South Wales, close to the border of Queensland. The Soldier Settlement Scheme was initiated to provide a livelihood for returned soldiers, and the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales was chosen as the site for a new subtropical fruit industry. Physically and psychologically damaged men were encouraged to settle on the land to grow bananas, only to be left in ruins within two years because bunchy top had destroyed their plantations. Bunchy top did not discriminate, and many other well-established growers also 'went broke'. The cries for assistance from the banana growers made it to the federal Parliament in Melbourne, and a Bunchy Top Investigation Committee was formed in 1924 with funding equally contributed by the New South Wales, Queensland, and Australian Governments. Charles Magee was the full-time plant pathologist appointed to the investigation, and he did most of the research. Most histories of the bunchy top research program follow the written accounts of Magee, but he only provided a narrow perspective. Several of the major hypotheses about the epidemiology of bunchy top disease, such as that it was spread in the plant's suckers and was vectored by the banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa , were established by growers such as William John (aka Jack) Burton Marks well before the Bunchy Top Investigation Committee began. This paper describes the beginnings of the subtropical banana industry, the introduction of bunchy top disease, and efforts by the scientific and farming communities to find a preventative treatment or cure for the disease. Banana bunchy top disease is the most serious viral disease of bananas in the world, and nearly wiped out the Australian banana industry in the early twentieth century. The impacts of the disease epidemic were hardest felt by veterans of World War 1, who moved to the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales to create a subtropical fruit industry as part of the Soldier Settlement Scheme. This article describes the early history of the Australian banana industry, the introduction and spread of bunchy top disease, and efforts to develop a disease management plan. Photograph by Scot C. Nelson, University of Hawaiʻi. This article belongs to the Special Issue: History of Plant Pathology in Australasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. The contributions of Rupert Best to the modern concept of the nature of viruses.

Author

Geering, Andrew D. W.

Subjects
*TOBACCO mosaic virus, *PLANT viruses, *SOIL scientists, *PLANT diseases, *VIRAL replication
Abstract

Rupert Jethro Best (1903–91), working alone at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in Adelaide between 1934 and 1937, was among the first to purify tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and to propose that it was a complex macromolecule containing protein and another reactive group that was responsible for infectivity of the virus. However, his research was completely overshadowed by that of Wendell Stanley and the duo of Frederick Bawden and Norman (aka Bill) Pirie, working in the United States of America and Great Britain, respectively, to the point where Best is not even mentioned in modern histories of TMV. Many factors have contributed to this lack of recognition for Best. Professor James Prescott, a soil scientist and Best's supervisor at the Waite Institute, failed to appreciate the significance of his research, leading to critical delays in publication that prevented him from claiming precedence for purifying TMV. When Best's research was eventually published, it was in Australian journals that were not broadly distributed, resulting in minimal international exposure for his research. The plant virology community within which he worked in Australia was very small and entirely focused on plant disease control, and not concerned with fundamental questions about the composition of viruses. Communication with similarly interested scientists in the Northern Hemisphere was hindered by the great distances involved. In this paper, pioneering research done by Best on TMV is reviewed, and placed in context with that undertaken by Stanley and by Bawden and Pirie, who are best remembered for purifying TMV and characterising its physicochemical properties. Rupert Jethro Best, working alone in Adelaide at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute, was among the first to purify tobacco mosaic virus and to provide evidence that it was a heterogeneous macromolecule, composed mainly of protein but also small prosthetic groups with the properties of a weak acid, wherein lay the activity of the virus. This paper describes the contributions of Rupert Best to early theories on the material nature and mode of reproduction of viruses. Photographer unknown, State Library of South Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. The discovery of tomato spotted wilt virus.

Author

Geering, Andrew D. W.

Subjects
*TOMATO spotted wilt virus disease, *ETIOLOGY of diseases, *AGRICULTURAL research, *INDUSTRIAL research, *ZIKA Virus Epidemic, 2015-2016, *WORKS councils
Abstract

The discovery of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was an important finding in Australian science, involving a self-educated field naturalist and a small team of plant pathologists who had to work in relative academic isolation and with inadequate glasshouse facilities. After its discovery in Melbourne in 1915, TSWV rapidly spread throughout Australia and by 1929, it posed an existential threat to the tomato industry. To address this problem, a joint project between the Waite Agricultural Research Institute and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research was initiated in 1926. This collaboration, led by University of Adelaide plant pathologist Geoffrey Samuel, was initially turbulent but ultimately highly productive. Within an eight-year period, significant advances were made in understanding the aetiology of the disease, particularly by establishing that it was caused by a thrips-transmitted virus. Aspects of the epidemiology and control of the virus were also elucidated such as investigating alternative hosts of the virus. This research was made possible through substantial improvements in mechanical inoculation techniques. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most economically important viruses in the world. Before it became a global problem, it devastated tomato crops in Australia. This paper describes how TSWV was identified and biologically characterised by Australian scientists at a time when few techniques existed to detect the virus. It is a remarkable story of human endeavour by a small team of people working in academic isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Guest editor's page: the path to food security in Australia through better plant disease management.

Author

Geering, Andrew D. W.

Subjects
*PLANT diseases, *DISEASE management, *FUSARIUM wilt of banana, *FOOD security, *TOMATO spotted wilt virus disease
Abstract

This article discusses the history of plant pathology in Australia and its impact on food security. It highlights the challenges faced by Australian farmers, such as extreme weather variability and attacks by pests and pathogens. The article also explores the impact of plant diseases on Indigenous food systems and the importance of genetic diversity in preventing epidemics. It delves into the early history of plant pathology in Australia, including the appointment of the first plant pathologists and the development of training programs. The article acknowledges the flaws in the early plant pathology profession, including gender bias, racial prejudice, and interstate rivalry. It concludes by mentioning the diversity of crops and diseases covered in the special issue and the importance of Australia's plant quarantine system. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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29. A fungal pathogen is unlikely to be the cause of abnormal vertical growth syndrome in macadamia.

Author

Zakeel, Mohamed C. M., Geering, Andrew D. W., and Akinsanmi, Olufemi A.

Subjects
*MACADAMIA, *FLOWERING trees, *PLANT hormones, *GENETIC barcoding, *PATHOGENIC microorganisms
Abstract

Abnormal vertical growth (AVG) in macadamia is a syndrome that reduces flowering and alters tree architecture, resulting in significant yield losses. The epidemiological parameters suggest the cause is probably a biotic agent with the ability to modulate plant hormone production or signalling. To determine if a fungal pathogen is the cause of AVG, we compared the fungal profile of macadamia trees with or without AVG symptoms using conventional culturing and DNA metabarcoding techniques. A diverse range of fungi was isolated from leaf, root and stem samples of macadamia cultivars HAES 344 and A16. The abundance of the isolated fungi was at least three‐fold higher in trees with AVG symptoms than in trees at the non‐AVG site. Similar results were obtained using DNA metabarcoding. Although the fungal genus Sebacina was the most dominant in the DNA metabarcoding, whereas Diaporthe (>40%) was dominant using the culturing techniques, no unique fungal species was consistently associated with all AVG samples. Therefore, we conclude that it is unlikely that the cause of AVG in macadamia is a fungal pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Adaptation of a filter paper method for RNA template preparation for the detection of avocado sunblotch viroid by reverse transcription qPCR

Author

Pretorius, Lara-Simone, Chandra, Kerri A., Jooste, Anna E. C., Motaung, Lebogang C., Parkinson, Louisamarie E., Geering, Andrew D. W., Pretorius, Lara-Simone, Chandra, Kerri A., Jooste, Anna E. C., Motaung, Lebogang C., Parkinson, Louisamarie E., and Geering, Andrew D. W.

Abstract

An easy, rapid and inexpensive method of preparing RNA template for a reverse transcription qPCR assay for avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) is described. This method depends on the principle of reversible binding of viroid RNA to filter paper under different concentrations of monovalent cation. Lysis buffers containing either sodium or lithium chloride were compared, and 1.5 M lithium chloride was shown to be optimal for the adsorption of the viroid RNA to the filter paper. The extraction method was validated using field samples and equivalent yields of viroid RNA were obtained using this method and either a commercial RNA extraction kit or a dsRNA chromatography method. The filter paper method of RNA extraction is ideally suited for the large-scale surveillance for ASBVd.

Published
2022

35. Managing plant biosecurity in the Pacific region

Author

Geering, Andrew D. W., Davis, Richard, Jones, Lynne, Crew, Kathleen S., Jackson, Grahame V. H., Sukal, Amit C., Thomas, John E., Geering, Andrew D. W., Davis, Richard, Jones, Lynne, Crew, Kathleen S., Jackson, Grahame V. H., Sukal, Amit C., and Thomas, John E.

Abstract

The island nations of the Pacific are scattered across a vast expanse of ocean and face many unique plant biosecurity challenges. This talk will focus on biosecurity as it relates to traditional crops such as banana, coconut, sweet potato and taro, and highlight specific case studies to demonstrate difficulties with containing and controlling pests and pathogens in this region. Some of the most serious pests and pathogens such as the coconut rhinoceros beetle and banana bunchy top virus date back 100 years to the period of European colonization but are still proving difficult to control, with new spread pathways still being uncovered. There are other emerging pests and pathogens such as the coconut and banana wilt-associated phytoplasmas, which are likely indigenous to the region but for reasons that are unclear, are increasing in importance. Lessons that have been learnt from these case studies will be discussed and recommendations for the future put forward. Australia has a vested interest in ensuring a strong biosecurity system in this region as it represents a major entry point for pests and pathogens that could affect our northern Australian agricultural industries.

Published
2022

36. Presence and distribution of banana bunchy top virus in Laos

Author

Chittarath, Khonesavanh, Crew, Kathleen S., Geering, Andrew D. W., Rungsawang, Wasana, Kong, Gary, Pongsapich, Preyapan, Thomas, John E., Chittarath, Khonesavanh, Crew, Kathleen S., Geering, Andrew D. W., Rungsawang, Wasana, Kong, Gary, Pongsapich, Preyapan, and Thomas, John E.

Abstract

Banana bunchy top virus is reported for the first time in Laos. Infected plants showed typical disease symptoms and the two complete genome sequences reported place the isolates in the Southeast Asian subgroup.

Published
2022

37. Banana and Plantain

Author

Thomas, J. E., Geering, A. D. W., Dahal, G., Lockhart, B. E. L., Thottappilly, G., Loebenstein, Gad, editor, and Thottappilly, George, editor

Published
2003
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42. Fusarium chuoi Crous, Osieck, Jurjevi, Boers, Iperen, Starink-Willemse, Dima, Balashov, Bulgakov, Johnston, Morozova, Pinruan, Sommai, Alvarado, Decock, Lebel, McMullan-Fisher, Moreno, Shivas, Zhao, Abdollahzadeh, Abrinbana, Ageev, Akhmetova, Alexandrova, Altés, Amaral, Angelini, Antonín, Arenas, Asselman, Badali, Baghela, Bañares, Barreto, Baseia, Bellanger, Berraf-Tebbal, Biketova, Bukharova, Burgess, Cabero, Câmara, Cano-Lira, Ceryngier, Chávez, Cowan, Lima, Oliveira, Denman, Dang, Dovana, Duarte, Eichmeier, Erhard, Esteve-Raventós, Fellin, Ferisin, Ferreira, Ferrer, Finy, Gaya, Geering, Gil-Durán, Glässnerová, Glushakova, Gramaje, Guard, Guarnizo, Haelewaters, Halling, Hill, Hirooka, Hubka, Iliushin, Ivanova, Ivanushkina, Jangsantear, Justo, Kachalkin, Kato, Khamsuntorn, Kirtsideli, Knapp, Kochkina, Koukol, Kovács, Kruse, Kumar, Kušan, Læssøe, Larsson, Lebeuf, Levicán, Loizides, Marinho, Luangsa-ard, Lukina, Magaña-Dueñas, Maggs-Kölling, Malysheva, Malysheva, Martín, Martín, Matočec, McTaggart, Mehrabi-Koushki, Mešić, Miller, Mironova, Moreau, Morte, Müller, Nagy, Nanu, Navarro-Ródenas, Nel, Nguyen, Nóbrega, Noordeloos, Olariaga, Overton, Ozerskaya, Palani, Pancorbo, Papp, Pawłowska, Pham, Phosri, Popov, Portugal, Pošta, Reschke, Reul, Ricci, Rodríguez, Romanowski, Ruchikachorn, Saar, Safi, Sakolrak, Salzmann, Sandoval-Denis, Sangwichein, Sanhueza, Sato, Sastoque, Senn-Irlet, Shibata, Siepe, Somrithipol, Spetik, Sridhar, Stchigel, Stuskova, Suwannasai, Tan, Thangavel, Tiago, Tiwari, Tkalčec, Tomashevskaya, Tonegawa, Tran, Tran, Trovão, Trubitsyn, Wyk, Vieira, Vila, Visagie, Vizzini, Volobuev, Vu, Wangsawat, Yaguchi, Ercole, Ferreira, Souza, Vieira & Groenewald, 2021, sp. nov

Author

Crous, P. W., Osieck, E. R., Jurjevi, ��, Boers, J., Van Iperen, A. L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T. S., Johnston, P. R., Morozova, O. V., Pinruan, U., Sommai, S., Alvarado, P., Decock, C. A., Lebel, T., McMullan-Fisher, S., Moreno, G., Shivas, R. G., Zhao, L., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abrinbana, M., Ageev, D. V., Akhmetova, G., Alexandrova, A. V., Alt��s, A., Amaral, A. G. G., Angelini, C., Anton��n, V., Arenas, F., Asselman, P., Badali, F., Baghela, A., Ba��ares, A., Barreto, R. W., Baseia, I. G., Bellanger, J. - M., Berraf-Tebbal, A., Biketova, A. Yu., Bukharova, N. V., Burgess, T. I., Cabero, J., C��mara, M. P. S., Cano-Lira, J. F., Ceryngier, P., Ch��vez, R., Cowan, D. A., de Lima, A. F., Oliveira, R. L., Denman, S., Dang, Q. N., Dovana, F., Duarte, I. G., Eichmeier, A., Erhard, A., Esteve-Ravent��s, F., Fellin, A., Ferisin, G., Ferreira, R. J., Ferrer, A., Finy, P., Gaya, E., Geering, A. D. W., Gil-Dur��n, C., Gl��ssnerov��, K., Glushakova, A. M., Gramaje, D., Guard, F. E., Guarnizo, A. L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R. E., Hill, R., Hirooka, Y., Hubka, V., Iliushin, V. A., Ivanova, D. D., Ivanushkina, N. E., Jangsantear, P., Justo, A., Kachalkin, A. V., Kato, S., Khamsuntorn, P., Kirtsideli, I. Y., Knapp, D. G., Kochkina, G. A., Koukol, O., Kov��cs, G. M., Kruse, J., Kumar, T. K. A., Ku��an, I., L��ss��e, T., Larsson, E., Lebeuf, R., Levic��n, G., Loizides, M., Marinho, P., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lukina, E. G., Maga��a-Due��as, V., Maggs-K��lling, G., Malysheva, E. F., Malysheva, V. F., Mart��n, B., Mart��n, M. P., Mato��ec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mehrabi-Koushki, M., Me��i��, A., Miller, A. N., Mironova, P., Moreau, P. - A., Morte, A., M��ller, K., Nagy, L. G., Nanu, S., Navarro-R��denas, A., Nel, W. J., Nguyen, T. H., N��brega, T. F., Noordeloos, M. E., Olariaga, I., Overton, B. E., Ozerskaya, S. M., Palani, P., Pancorbo, F., Papp, V., Paw��owska, J., Pham, T. Q., Phosri, C., Popov, E. S., Portugal, A., Po��ta, A., Reschke, K., Reul, M., Ricci, G. M., Rodr��guez, A., Romanowski, J., Ruchikachorn, N., Saar, I., Safi, A., Sakolrak, B., Salzmann, F., Sandoval-Denis, M., Sangwichein, E., Sanhueza, L., Sato, T., Sastoque, A., Senn-Irlet, B., Shibata, A., Siepe, K., Somrithipol, S., Spetik, M., Sridhar, P., Stchigel, A. M., Stuskova, K., Suwannasai, N., Tan, Y. P., Thangavel, R., Tiago, I., Tiwari, S., Tkal��ec, Z., Tomashevskaya, M. A., Tonegawa, C., Tran, H. X., Tran, N. T., Trov��o, J., Trubitsyn, V. E., Van Wyk, J., Vieira, W. A. S., Vila, J., Visagie, C. M., Vizzini, A., Volobuev, S. V., Vu, D. T., Wangsawat, N., Yaguchi, T., Ercole, E., Ferreira, B. W., de Souza, A. P., Vieira, B. S., and Groenewald, J. Z.

Subjects
Ascomycota, Fusarium, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, Fungi, Nectriaceae, Biodiversity, Fusarium chuoi, Taxonomy
Abstract

Fusarium chuoi R. Hill, Gaya, D.T. Vu, Sand.-Den. & Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. From chu���i, Vietnamese vernacular name for Musa spp., from which the ex-type strain was isolated. Classification ��� Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes. On SNA and CLA, sporulation abundant from aerial conidiophores and sporodochia. Aerial conidiophores erect or prostrate, copiously branching laterally and sympodially, giving rise to macro-, and rarely, microconidia; aerial conidiogenous cells mono- and polyphialidic, subulate to subcylindrical, smooth- and thin-walled, proliferating sympodially, 6.5���40.5 �� 2.5���4 ��m, with apical flared collarette and periclinal thickening; aerial conidia of two types: microconidia often produced on prostrate conidiophores, rarely on aerial mycelium, aggregating in false heads, ellipsoidal, subcylindrical to slightly falcate, 0 ���1-septate, 8���15 �� 2���29.5 ��m; macroconidia fusiform to falcate, straight to apically dorsiventrally curved, apex curved to pointed, base obtuse to papillate, 1���3-septate, smooth- and thin-walled; 1-septate conidia: (14���)18���27.5(���29.5) �� (2.5���)3���4 ��m (av. 22.8 �� 3.2 ��m); 2-septate conidia: 26���28.5 �� 3���4 ��m (av. 27.4 �� 3.6 ��m); 3-septate conidia: (28���)31.5���43(���50.5) �� 3���4 ��m (av. 37.3 �� 3.5 ��m). Sporodochia saffron, luteous to ochreous coloured (Rayner 1970), formed abundantly on the agar surface and carnation leaves under nuv. Conidiophores in sporodochia, densely and irregularly branched, bearing apical whorls of 2 ��� 4 monophialides; sporodochial monophialides subcylindrical, 10���26 �� 2.5���4.5 ��m, smooth- and thin-walled, with a distinct apical collarette. Sporodochial conidia (macroconidia) falcate, almost straight to gently curved, tapering at both ends, apex curved to blunt, base poorly- to well-developed foot-shaped, 1���6-septate, hyaline, smooth- and thin-walled; 1-septate conidia: (14.5���)15���20.5(���24) �� 3���4.5 ��m (av. 17.9 �� 3.9 ��m); 2-septate conidia: 21.5���32 �� 3���4.5 ��m (av. 26.4 �� 3.5 ��m); 3-septate conidia: (33���)43���61(���71.5) �� (3���)4���5 ��m (av. 51.8 �� 4.2 ��m); 4-septate conidia: (50.5���)55���69(���74.5) �� 3.5���5 ��m (av. 62.3 �� 4.2 ��m); 5-septate conidia: 54 �� 4.5 ��m (rare); 6-septate conidia: (49.5���)56.5���71(���73) �� (3.5���)4���4.5(���5) ��m (av. 63.8 �� 4.3 ��m). Chlamydospores not observed. Culture characteristics ��� Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and oatmeal agar (OA) growing in the dark at 24 �� C covering and entire 9 cm Petri dish in 7 d. Colony surface peach to vinaceous, flat, velvety to felty with abundant floccose aerial mycelium forming concentric rings; colony margins undulate. Reverse flesh to salmon with diffuse coral to brick pigment throughout the medium. Typus. VIETNAM, H�� Tĩnh Province, H����ng S��n District,S��n Kim commune, N18��25'37.38" E105��12'53.95", inside seed of Musa itinerans (Musaceae), 9 Nov. 2014, D.M. Thu, L.T. Phong & T.T. Duong, isol. R. Hill (holotype CBS H-24901,culture ex-type CBS 148464; ITS, LSU, cmdA, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank OK586454, OK586452, OK626304, OK626306, OK626302, OK626308 and OK626310, MycoBank MB 841865). Colour illustrations. Flowers, fruits, leaves and seeds of Musa itinerans (background photo by D. T. Vu); from top to bottom and left to right: colony on PDA after 14 d at 24 �� C in darkness (left = obverse,right = reverse), sporodochia formed on CLA,aerial conidiophore,aerial conidiogenous cells,aerial conidia, sporodochial conidia. Scale bars: black = 20 ��m, white = 10 ��m. Additional material examined. VIETNAM, Ngh��� An Province, Con Cu��ng District, Ch��u Kh�� commune, N19��1'48.73" E104��43'31.97", inside seed of M. itinerans, 18 Nov. 2014, L.T. Phong, V.V. Tung & T.T. Duong, isol. R. Hill (culture CBS 148465; ITS, LSU, cmdA, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank OK586455, OK586453, OK626305, OK626307, OK626303, OK626309 and OK626311). Notes ��� Fusarium chuoi resides in the Asian clade of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC: O���Donnell et al. 1998, Yilmaz et al. 2021, Crous et al. 2021b). Based on nucleotide searches using the Fusarium Pairwise ID engine on the Fusarioid-ID database (www.fusarium.org, Crous et al. 2021) the closest hit using the ITS sequence was Fusarium siculi (strain CBS 142422; identities = 449/450 (99 %), no gaps). The closest hit using the LSU sequence was F. siculi (strain CBS 142422; identities = 804/805 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the cmdA sequence was Fusarium fractiflexum (strain NRRL 28852; identities = 426/434 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the rpb1 sequence was F. fujikuroi (strain NRRL 13566; identities = 687/702 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the rpb2 sequence was Fusarium globosum (strain CBS 428.97; identities = 856/867 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the tef1 sequence was F. fractiflexum (strain NRRL 28852; identities = 619/643 (96 %), 2 gaps (0.3 %)). The phylogenetic results, however, showed that F. chuoi is not directly related to any of the previously described species of FFSC (see Suppl. material FP1353), clustering as the second basal-most species of that clade after F. sacchari. Asian Fusarium spp. in the FFSC are characterised by mono-and polyphialides producing oval to ellipsoid, rarely pyriform to globose (i.e., F. annulatum, F. fujikuroi and F. globosum) microconidia organized in chains or false heads; 3���5-septate sporodochial conidia and lacking chlamydospores. The elaborate, profusely branched aerial conidiophores of F. chuoi are comparable to those of F. concentricum, F. lumajangense, F. mangiferae and F. sacchari, all the latter species producing oval, ellipsoidal to allantoid microconidia on false heads.Aerial conidiophores of F. chuoi, however, mostly produce macroconidia, while microconidia grouped on false heads are restricted to short, mostly unbranched and prostrate conidiophores formed on the surface on the culture media. Several Asian species of the FFSC have been reported from Musa spp. i.e., F. annulatum, F. concentricum, F. fujikuroi, F. lumajangense and F. sacchari (Leslie & Summerell 2006, Maryani et al. 2019, Farr & Rossman 2021). The two strains representing F. chuoi were isolated as endophytes from asymptomatic seeds of wild banana (Musa itinerans), which had been collected predispersal and stored in the Millennium Seed Bank for ~2.5 years at -20 �� C prior to isolation. Supplementary material FP1353 Phylogenetic tree., Published as part of Crous, P. W., Osieck, E. R., Jurjevi, ��, Boers, J., Van Iperen, A. L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T. S., Johnston, P. R., Morozova, O. V., Pinruan, U., Sommai, S., Alvarado, P., Decock, C. A., Lebel, T., McMullan-Fisher, S., Moreno, G., Shivas, R. G., Zhao, L., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abrinbana, M., Ageev, D. V., Akhmetova, G., Alexandrova, A. V., Alt��s, A., Amaral, A. G. G., Angelini, C., Anton��n, V., Arenas, F., Asselman, P., Badali, F., Baghela, A., Ba��ares, A., Barreto, R. W., Baseia, I. G., Bellanger, J. - M., Berraf-Tebbal, A., Biketova, A. Yu., Bukharova, N. V., Burgess, T. I., Cabero, J., C��mara, M. P. S., Cano-Lira, J. F., Ceryngier, P., Ch��vez, R., Cowan, D. A., de Lima, A. F., Oliveira, R. L., Denman, S., Dang, Q. N., Dovana, F., Duarte, I. G., Eichmeier, A., Erhard, A., Esteve-Ravent��s, F., Fellin, A., Ferisin, G., Ferreira, R. J., Ferrer, A., Finy, P., Gaya, E., Geering, A. D. W., Gil-Dur��n, C., Gl��ssnerov��, K., Glushakova, A. M., Gramaje, D., Guard, F. E., Guarnizo, A. L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R. E., Hill, R., Hirooka, Y., Hubka, V., Iliushin, V. A., Ivanova, D. D., Ivanushkina, N. E., Jangsantear, P., Justo, A., Kachalkin, A. V., Kato, S., Khamsuntorn, P., Kirtsideli, I. Y., Knapp, D. G., Kochkina, G. A., Koukol, O., Kov��cs, G. M., Kruse, J., Kumar, T. K. A., Ku��an, I., L��ss��e, T., Larsson, E., Lebeuf, R., Levic��n, G., Loizides, M., Marinho, P., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lukina, E. G., Maga��a-Due��as, V., Maggs-K��lling, G., Malysheva, E. F., Malysheva, V. F., Mart��n, B., Mart��n, M. P., Mato��ec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mehrabi-Koushki, M., Me��i��, A., Miller, A. N., Mironova, P., Moreau, P. - A., Morte, A., M��ller, K., Nagy, L. G., Nanu, S., Navarro-R��denas, A., Nel, W. J., Nguyen, T. H., N��brega, T. F., Noordeloos, M. E., Olariaga, I., Overton, B. E., Ozerskaya, S. M., Palani, P., Pancorbo, F., Papp, V., Paw��owska, J., Pham, T. Q., Phosri, C., Popov, E. S., Portugal, A., Po��ta, A., Reschke, K., Reul, M., Ricci, G. M., Rodr��guez, A., Romanowski, J., Ruchikachorn, N., Saar, I., Safi, A., Sakolrak, B., Salzmann, F., Sandoval-Denis, M., Sangwichein, E., Sanhueza, L., Sato, T., Sastoque, A., Senn-Irlet, B., Shibata, A., Siepe, K., Somrithipol, S., Spetik, M., Sridhar, P., Stchigel, A. M., Stuskova, K., Suwannasai, N., Tan, Y. P., Thangavel, R., Tiago, I., Tiwari, S., Tkal��ec, Z., Tomashevskaya, M. A., Tonegawa, C., Tran, H. X., Tran, N. T., Trov��o, J., Trubitsyn, V. E., Van Wyk, J., Vieira, W. A. S., Vila, J., Visagie, C. M., Vizzini, A., Volobuev, S. V., Vu, D. T., Wangsawat, N., Yaguchi, T., Ercole, E., Ferreira, B. W., de Souza, A. P., Vieira, B. S. & Groenewald, J. Z., 2021, Fusarium chuoi R. Hill, Gaya, D. T. Vu, Sand. - Den. & Crous, R. Hill, Gaya, D. T. Vu, Sand. - Den. & Crous sp. nov., pp. 310-311 in Fungal Planet 47 (1) on page 311, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5856199, {"references":["Rayner RW. 1970. A Mycological Colour Chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew and British Mycological Society.","O'Donnell K, Cigelnik E, Nirenberg H. 1998. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Mycologia 90: 465 - 493.","Yilmaz N, Sandoval-Denis M, Lombard L, et al. 2021. Redefining species limits in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. Persoonia 46: 129 - 162.","Crous PW, Lombard L, Sandoval-Denis M, et al. 2021 b. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell. Studies in Mycology 98: 100116.","Crous PW, Cowan DA, Maggs-Kolling G, et al. 2021 a. Fungal Planet descrip- tion sheets: 1182 - 1283. Persoonia 46: 313 - 528.","Leslie JF, Summerell BA. 2006. The Fusarium laboratory manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames.","Maryani N, Sandoval-Denis M, Lombard L, et al. 2019. New endemic Fusarium species hitch-hiking with pathogenic Fusarium strains causing Panama disease in small-holder banana plots in Indonesia. Persoonia 43: 48 - 69."]}

Published
2021
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46. Corrigendum to: The discovery of tomato spotted wilt virus.

Author

Geering, Andrew D. W.

Subjects
*TOMATO spotted wilt virus disease
Abstract

Historical Records of Australian Science doi:10.1071/HR23015The author advises of an error in the published paper.On the fifth page, the plant Datura stramonium was wrongly named as Datura suaveolens.By Andrew D. W. GeeringReported by Author [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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49. Complete genome sequences and properties of Spartina mottle virus isolates from hybrid Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis)

Author

Thomas, John E., Raymond, Myriam, Tran, Nga T., Crew, Kathleen S., Teo, Ai Chin, Geering, Andrew D. W., Thomas, John E., Raymond, Myriam, Tran, Nga T., Crew, Kathleen S., Teo, Ai Chin, and Geering, Andrew D. W.

Abstract

Full genome sequences are presented for two isolates of Spartina mottle virus (SpMoV) from two accessions of the hybrid turf grass Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis (Bermuda grass, green couch), originally from the USA but detected during post-entry quarantine in Australia. Both isolates had a genome of 9,346 nucleotides, encoding a single polyprotein of 3,029 amino acids and predicted to be cleaved into 10 mature proteins. Phylogenetic analysis strongly supported placement in a new genus within the family Potyviridae. The isolates possess 715–780 × 11–12 nm flexuous virions and produce cylindrical (pinwheel) inclusions in infected cells. They were mechanically transmitted to several species in the Poaceae including Zea mays (maize, sweet corn), Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass), and Echinochloa colona (awnless barnyard grass).

Published
2021

50. Genome sequence and geographic distribution of a new nepovirus infecting Stenotaphrum secundatum in Australia

Author

Tran, Nga T., Teo, Ai Chin, Crew, Kathleen S., Campbell, Paul R., Thomas, John E., Geering, Andrew D. W., Tran, Nga T., Teo, Ai Chin, Crew, Kathleen S., Campbell, Paul R., Thomas, John E., and Geering, Andrew D. W.

Abstract

The genome sequence of a new subgroup C nepovirus from Stenotaphrum secundatum in Australia is described. This virus, tentatively named Stenotaphrum nepovirus (SteNV), was present in separate plants as a mixed infection with either sugarcane mosaic virus or Panicum mosaic virus. The virus genome was divided between two RNA segments, 7,824 and 7,104 nucleotides (nt) in length, which each encode a single long polyprotein with putative 3C-like cysteine protease sites of the type H/G, H/S or L/S. The 3ʹ untranslated region of RNA2, at 2,155 nt, is the longest observed for any subgroup C nepovirus. Phylogenetic analyses using protease-polymerase and coat protein amino acid alignments suggest that SteNV is most closely related to cherry leaf roll virus. Using a newly developed RT-PCR assay, this virus was detected at multiple localities in New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia, and in a second host species, Digitaria didactyla. No consistent association between virus infection and symptoms could be established. The economic importance, pathogenicity and transmission of this novel virus species warrant further investigation.

Published
2021

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