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The European Standards of Care for Newborn Health (ESCNH) were launched in 2018. After three years, the first standards were reassessed and revised to align with current evidence. Moreover, new standards regarding emerging topics were developed. The aim of this paper is to outline the approach adopted for reassessing, revising and developing new standards for the ESCNH. We established a systematic approach to reassess the ESCNH including a public and an expert consultation. The public consultation was open to all stakeholders for feedback whereas the expert consultation followed a targeted consultation method. For developing new standards, a similar process to the original development was implemented. Overall, 20 standards were reassessed and six standards were developed. For the revision process, 23 experts were involved in the targeted consultation method and 253 questionnaires were completed via the open consultation. We demonstrated a systematic approach to update and extend reference standards, which can be applied by other developers of standards. Thereby, we highlighted that including a public and an expert consultation is crucial to improve quality and to ensure that all stakeholder perspectives are integrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how border tensions between China and India have affected the economic relationship and the political partnership between these two countries over the last 50 years. China and India have been at odds over their borders since the initial establishment of the McMahon line in 1914. Since the Sino-Indian War in 1962, mistrust and disputes regarding the actual border have reigned, seemingly affecting the relationship at all levels. In spite of enduring political tensions, an economic relationship has blossomed to the point that China is now India's largest trading partner. While bilateral trade is expected to top US$60 billion in 2010-11 ending March 31, according to latest official estimates, and is likely to continue to increase, the border issue remains virtually unchanged from 50 years ago. Although economically lucrative Sino-Indian relations are riper for competition than cooperation, the border dispute has become increasingly problematic for both parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]