44 results on '"Geiselman PJ"'
Search Results
2. Cardiovascular risk in African American women attending historically black colleges and universities: the role of dietary patterns and food preferences.
- Author
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Brown SC, Geiselman PJ, and Broussard T
- Abstract
Abstract:There is a lack of data on the dietary patterns and food preferences of African American women attending historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). African American women have higher death rates from cardiovascular disease than White women, and the initiating events of cardiovascular disease often begin in young adulthood. The purpose of this study was to identify the dietary patterns and food preferences of African American college women, which may act as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A convenience sample of 100 African American women, ages 18 to 40 years, was administered two surveys assessing food preferences and dietary patterns. The majority of the participants (65%) preferred high-fat foods, and most of the participants (87%) consumed more than 30% of their daily caloric intake from fat. There is a definite need for dietary education regarding the impact of dietary fat on cardiovascular health among college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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3. Reliability and validity of the Personal Wellness Profile (PWP) Questionnaire in African American college women.
- Author
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Brown SC, Geiselman PJ, Copeland AL, Gordon C, and Richard-Eaglin A
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: The Personal Wellness Profile (PWP) is a 75-item questionnaire used to assess an individual's level of wellness in clinical and non-clinical settings. Currently, there are no published scientific data regarding the validity and reliability of the PWP. Therefore, this study was designed to assess convergence validity of the PWP using established instruments in which validity has been previously supported and to determine the reliability of the PWP using the test-retest method. Methods: A correlational design was used with a non-probability convenience sample of 100 African American women, ages 18 to 40 years, enrolled in a university in southern Louisiana. Convergence validity of the PWP was assessed by using the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST), Geisel man Food Preference Questionnaire II (GFPQ II), Weekly Stress Inventory (WSI), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire (PAR) as criteria. Results: The PWP had statistically significant correlations with two of the six subscales of the GFPQ II, and with the WSI, MAST, and FNTD. Findings also suggest that the PWP has moderate to moderately high internal consistency as a whole (r=.77), and that the subscale scores were also reliable over time (r=.52 to .90). Conclusions: The PWP will be valuable as a valid, standardized, highly portable tool that can be taken into the community and administered to African-Americans and other populations who do not readily have access to treatment, research and health care centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
4. Cardiac assessment risk evaluation (CARE study) of African American college women.
- Author
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Brown SC, Geiselman PJ, Copeland AL, Gordon C, Dudley M, Manogin T, Backstedt C, Pourciau C, and Ghebretatios G
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Objective To identify physiological and psychosocial variables of young African American women that may serve as a risk factor for heart disease and to assess their health promotion programme preferences. Method A descriptive design was used to assess the cardiovascular risk factors of 100 African American women ages 18 to 40 years, enrolled in a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) in the south. The instruments included four questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire, Gieselman Food Preference Questionnaire (GFPQ), PBRC Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and the Personal Wellness Profile (PWP). Physiological data were obtained using a stadiometer, beam balance scale, Lifescan Blood Glucose Monitoring System, BioScanner 2000 Test System, sphygmomanometer, and carbon monoxide analyser.Results The mean age of the participants was 25.5 (SD=5.8) years. The overall PWP wellness score for the participants was 43 (SD=15) with a range from 10 to 74. Of the 100 participants, 55 per cent had increased body mass index (BMI); 66 per cent had increased waist-to-hip ratios; 49 per cent 'did not' engage in an exercise programme, and 45 per cent consumed a diet that was 'mostly high' to 'high' in fat content. The majority of the participants (92 per cent) reported that they had a good social support system. Fifty-five per cent of the women reported an interest in the following health promotion programmes: weight management, nutrition, aerobics, and women's health.Conclusion Information obtained from this study can be useful in developing culturally-customised, gender-appropriate, interventions for this select population of women. Early interventions with young African American women that focus on diet, exercise and weight management may reduce the risk and incidence of cardiovascular disease. The college years is considered a time for adaptation, and as such, is an opportune time to educate individuals on health promoting behaviours and the long-term effect that health promoting behaviours can have on their lives. Research to gain new insights on factors that reduce cardiovascular risk behaviour in African American women is critical to advancing the health of African American women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
5. Amygdaloid lesions attenuate neurogenic gastric mucosal erosions but do not alter gastric secretory changes induced by intracisternal bombesin
- Author
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Walsh Jh, Taché Y, Gunion Mw, Geiselman Pj, and Grijalva Cv
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gastric acidity ,Lateral hypothalamus ,Nerve Crush ,Gastric mucus ,Biology ,GASTRIC FUNCTIONS ,Amygdala ,Electrolysis ,Gastric Acid ,Stereotaxic Techniques ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,Gastrins ,medicine ,Animals ,General Neuroscience ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Bombesin ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,chemistry ,Gastric Mucosa ,Hypothalamic Area, Lateral - Abstract
Bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus in rats produce glandular gastric mucosal damage. The results of the first experiment demonstrated that the severity of the neurogenic gastric erosions is attenuated by prior lesions of the centromedial amygdala. In a second experiment it was shown that fasting gastric acidity is significantly reduced following chronic amygdaloid lesions and this may be the mechanism involved in the protective nature of the amygdaloid lesions against gastric mucosal damage. In addition, it was found that gastric secretory changes induced by intracisternal injection of bombesin are unaffected by amygdaloid damage. The present results are consistent with the view that the centromedial amygdaloid region may influence gastric functions by modulating the activity of the preoptic-anterolateral hypothalamic areas or by directly influencing lower brain stem autonomie control areas.
- Published
- 1986
6. Intake of caffeine from all sources and reasons for use by college students.
- Author
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Mahoney CR, Giles GE, Marriott BP, Judelson DA, Glickman EL, Geiselman PJ, and Lieberman HR
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- Adult, Age Factors, Beverages statistics & numerical data, Chewing Gum, Ethnicity statistics & numerical data, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Racial Groups statistics & numerical data, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Universities, Young Adult, Caffeine administration & dosage, Students statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background & Aims: Caffeine intake in a convenience sample of U.S. college students (N = 1248) was surveyed at five geographically-dispersed United States (U.S.) universities., Methods: Intake from coffee, tea, soft drinks, energy drinks, gums, and medications was assessed. Associations between caffeine intake and demographic variables including sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income, general health, exercise, weight variables and tobacco use were examined. Reasons for use of caffeine-containing products were assessed., Results: Caffeine, in any form, was consumed by 92% of students in the past year. Mean daily caffeine consumption for all students, including non-consumers, was 159 mg/d with a mean intake of 173 mg/d among caffeine users. Coffee was the main source of caffeine intake in male (120 mg/d) and female (111 mg/d) consumers. Male and female students consumed 53 vs. 30 mg/d of caffeine in energy drinks, respectively, and 28% consumed energy drinks with alcohol on at least one occasion. Students provided multiple reasons for caffeine use including: to feel awake (79%); enjoy the taste (68%); the social aspects of consumption (39%); improve concentration (31%); increase physical energy (27%); improve mood (18%); and alleviate stress (9%)., Conclusions: As in the general U.S. population, coffee is the primary source of caffeine intake among the college students surveyed. Energy drinks provide less than half of total daily caffeine intake but more than among the general population. Students, especially women, consume somewhat more caffeine than the general population of individuals aged 19-30 y but less than individuals aged 31-50 y., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2019
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7. Perceptual Characterization of the Macronutrient Picture System (MaPS) for Food Image fMRI.
- Author
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King JL, Fearnbach SN, Ramakrishnapillai S, Shankpal P, Geiselman PJ, Martin CK, Murray KB, Hicks JL, McClernon FJ, Apolzan JW, and Carmichael OT
- Abstract
Food image fMRI paradigms are used widely for investigating the neural basis of ingestive behavior. However, these paradigms have not been validated in terms of ingestive behavior constructs, engagement of food-relevant neural systems, or test-retest reliability, making the generalizability of study findings unclear. Therefore, we validated the Macronutrient Picture System (MaPS) (McClernon et al., 2013), which includes food images from the six categories represented in the Geiselman Food Preference Questionnaire (FPQ) (Geiselman et al., 1998). Twenty-five healthy young adults ( n = 21 female, mean age = 20.6 ± 1.1 years, mean BMI = 22.1 ± 1.9 kg/m
2 ) rated the MaPS images in terms of visual interest, appetitive quality, nutrition, emotional valence, liking, and frequency of consumption, and completed the FPQ. In a second study, 12 individuals (n=8 female, mean age = 25.0 ± 6.5 years, mean BMI = 28.2 ± 8.7 kg/m2 ) viewed MaPS and control images (vegetables and non-food) during two separate 3T BOLD fMRI scans after fasting overnight. Intuitively, high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) and high fat/high complex carbohydrate (HF/HCCHO) images achieved higher liking and appetitive ratings, and lower nutrition ratings, than low fat/low complex carbohydrate/high protein (LF/LCHO/HP) images on average. Within each food category, FPQ scores correlated strongly with MaPS image liking ratings ( p < 0.001). Brain activation differences between viewing images of HF/HS and vegetables, and between HF/HCCHO and vegetables, were seen in several reward-related brain regions (e.g., putamen, insula, and medial frontal gyrus). Intra-individual, inter-scan agreement in a summary measure of brain activation differences in seven reward network regions of interest was high (ICC = 0.61), and was even higher when two distinct sets of food images with matching visual ratings were shown in the two scans (ICC = 0.74). These results suggest that the MaPS provides valid representation of food categories and reliably activates food-reward-relevant neural systems.- Published
- 2018
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8. Food preferences and weight change during low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets.
- Author
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McVay MA, Voils CI, Geiselman PJ, Smith VA, Coffman CJ, Mayer S, and Yancy WS Jr
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- Black or African American, Body Weight, Choice Behavior, Demography, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Food Preferences, Weight Loss
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Understanding associations between food preferences and weight loss during various effective diets could inform efforts to personalize dietary recommendations and provide insight into weight loss mechanisms. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial in which participants were randomized to either a 'choice' arm, in which they were allowed to select between a low-fat diet (n = 44) or low-carbohydrate diet (n = 61), or to a 'no choice' arm, in which they were randomly assigned to a low-fat diet (n = 49) or low-carbohydrate diet (n = 53). All participants were provided 48 weeks of lifestyle counseling. Food preferences were measured at baseline and every 12 weeks thereafter with the Geiselman Food Preference Questionnaire. Participants were 73% male and 51% African American, with a mean age of 55. Baseline food preferences, including congruency of food preferences with diet, were not associated with weight outcomes. In the low-fat diet group, no associations were found between changes in food preferences and weight over time. In the low-carbohydrate diet group, increased preference for low-carbohydrate diet congruent foods from baseline to 12 weeks was associated with weight loss from 12 to 24 weeks. Additionally, weight loss from baseline to 12 weeks was associated with increased preference for low-carbohydrate diet congruent foods from 12 to 24 weeks. Results suggest that basing selection of low-carbohydrate diet or low-fat diet on food preferences is unlikely to influence weight loss. Congruency of food preferences and weight loss may influence each other early during a low-carbohydrate diet but not low-fat diet, possibly due to different features of these diets., Clinical Trial Registry: NCT01152359., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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9. Differences in short-term food preferences following vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
- Author
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Primeaux SD, Tzeng TH, Allerton TD, Chiang MC, Cosentino G, Dubin RL, Varughese A, Moore R, Geiselman PJ, Greenway FL, and Uwaifo GI
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- Adult, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity surgery, Surveys and Questionnaires, Weight Loss, Food Preferences psychology, Gastrectomy, Gastric Bypass, Obesity psychology
- Abstract
Bariatric surgery is effective in reducing body weight and obesity-related comorbidities. This study examined differences in the short-term effect of Roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) on the hedonic rating of food. Predominantly black women with complicated obesity and a BMI>50 g/m(2) completed a validated food preference questionnaire before and 1-3 months following surgery. Analysis of preference scores indicated that the preference for fat decreased with both surgeries. VSG also decreased the preference for sugar. Further studies are needed to evaluate long term effects of surgery on food preferences and to elucidate physiological mechanisms., (Copyright © 2015 Asian Oceanian Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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10. Patterns of dietary supplement use among college students.
- Author
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Lieberman HR, Marriott BP, Williams C, Judelson DA, Glickman EL, Geiselman PJ, Dotson L, and Mahoney CR
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- Adolescent, Exercise, Female, Humans, Life Style, Logistic Models, Male, Socioeconomic Factors, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Young Adult, Dietary Supplements, Micronutrients administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background & Aims: Dietary supplements (DS) are popular in many countries but little data are available on their use by sub-populations such as college students. Since students share a variety of characteristics and similar lifestyles, their DS use may differ from the general population. This study assessed DS use, factors associated with DS use, and reasons for use among U.S. college students., Methods: College students (N = 1248) at 5 U.S. universities were surveyed. Survey questions included descriptive demographics, types and frequency of DS used, reasons for use and money spent on supplements. Supplements were classified using standard criteria. Logistic regression analyses examined relationships between demographic and lifestyle factors and DS use., Results: Sixty-six percent of college students surveyed used DS at least once a week, while 12% consumed 5 or more supplements a week. Forty-two percent used multivitamins/multiminerals, 18% vitamin C, 17% protein/amino acids and 13% calcium at least once a week. Factors associated with supplement use included dietary patterns, exercise, and tobacco use. Students used supplements to promote general health (73%), provide more energy (29%), increase muscle strength (20%), and enhance performance (19%)., Conclusions: College students appear more likely to use DS than the general population and many use multiple types of supplements weekly. Habits established at a young age persist throughout life. Therefore, longitudinal research should be conducted to determine whether patterns of DS use established early in adulthood are maintained throughout life. Adequate scientific justification for widespread use of DS in healthy, young populations is lacking., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2015
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11. Smoking relapse and weight gain prevention program for postmenopausal weight-concerned women: A pilot study.
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Copeland AL, McVay MA, Martin PD, Rash CJ, Kendzor DE, Baillie LE, Spears CA, and Geiselman PJ
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- Counseling methods, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Program Evaluation, Psychotherapy, Group, Recurrence, Smoking psychology, Tobacco Use Cessation Devices, Postmenopause, Smoking Cessation methods, Smoking Cessation psychology, Smoking Prevention, Weight Gain
- Abstract
Objective: Postmenopausal women have substantial concerns about weight gain when quitting smoking, which may contribute smoking relapse. There is a need for smoking cessation and weight gain prevention programs effective in this population., Methods: Two formats of a smoking cessation/weight gain prevention follow-up intervention in postmenopausal weight concerned women were compared: a minimally-tailored group format and a highly tailored, multidisciplinary individual format. Effects on sustained abstinence and postcessation weight gain were assessed. Postmenopausal smokers received 6 sessions of behavioral counseling over a 2-week period, 8weeks of the nicotine transdermal patch, and subsequent random assignment to receive follow-up relapse prevention sessions at 1, 3, 8, and 16weeks postcessation in either group or individual format., Results: The sample (N=98) was 67% Caucasian and 33% African-American. Age: m=52.3 (7.8) years, follicle stimulating hormone: m=42.6 (25.7), body mass index (BMI): m=27.4 (6.2), daily smoking rate: m=20.3 (11.5), for m=29.4 (10.7) years, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND): m=6.4 (2.1), and carbon monoxide: m=23.8 (13.0) ppm. Abstinence rates in the group condition were significantly higher at 8weeks posttreatment. Group format significantly predicted abstinence rates at 8 and 16weeks posttreatment, even while controlling for age, race, BMI, CPD, years smoking, FTND, and weight concern. Weight concern predicted postcessation weight gain at 8 and 16weeks posttreatment., Conclusions: Results indicate that smoking cessation programs for postmenopausal women may best be delivered in a group format and that postcessation weight concerns be dealt with prior to a quit date., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2015
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12. Effect of Allowing Choice of Diet on Weight Loss: A Randomized Trial.
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Yancy WS Jr, Mayer SB, Coffman CJ, Smith VA, Kolotkin RL, Geiselman PJ, McVay MA, Oddone EZ, and Voils CI
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- Caloric Restriction, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Double-Blind Method, Exercise, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Patient Preference, Quality of Life, Choice Behavior, Diet, Reducing psychology, Obesity therapy, Weight Loss
- Abstract
Background: Choosing a diet rather than being prescribed one could improve weight loss., Objective: To examine whether offering choice of diet improves weight loss., Design: Double-randomized preference trial of choice between 2 diets (choice) versus random assignment to a diet (comparator) over 48 weeks. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01152359)., Setting: Outpatient clinic at a Veterans Affairs medical center., Patients: Outpatients with a body mass index of at least 30 kg/m2., Intervention: Choice participants received information about their food preferences and 2 diet options (low-carbohydrate diet [LCD] or low-fat diet [LFD]) before choosing and were allowed to switch diets at 12 weeks. Comparator participants were randomly assigned to 1 diet for 48 weeks. Both groups received group and telephone counseling for 48 weeks., Measurements: The primary outcome was weight at 48 weeks., Results: Of 105 choice participants, 61 (58%) chose the LCD and 44 (42%) chose the LFD; 5 (3 on the LCD and 2 on the LFD) switched diets at 12 weeks, and 87 (83%) completed measurements at 48 weeks. Of 102 comparator participants, 53 (52%) were randomly assigned to the LCD and 49 (48%) were assigned to the LFD; 88 (86%) completed measurements. At 48 weeks, estimated mean weight loss was 5.7 kg (95% CI, 4.3 to 7.0 kg) in the choice group and 6.7 kg (CI, 5.4 to 8.0 kg) in the comparator group (mean difference, -1.1 kg [CI, -2.9 to 0.8 kg]; P = 0.26). Secondary outcomes of dietary adherence, physical activity, and weight-related quality of life were similar between groups at 48 weeks., Limitations: Only 2 diet options were provided. Results from this sample of older veterans might not be generalizable to other populations., Conclusion: Contrary to expectations, the opportunity to choose a diet did not improve weight loss.
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- 2015
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13. Short-term pilot study of the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on food preference.
- Author
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Ammon BS, Bellanger DE, Geiselman PJ, Primeaux SD, Yu Y, and Greenway FL
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Food Preferences physiology, Gastrectomy
- Abstract
The effect of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) on food preference has not been examined in humans, but VSG decreases preference for fat and calorically dense foods in rodents. A validated Food Preference Questionnaire (FPQ) assessed food preference changes before and 6 weeks after VSG in humans. The FPQ was completed before and 43 ± 19 days (Mean ± SD) after VSG. Fifteen subjects (14 females) completed the study. Hedonic ratings decreased for foods high in fat and sugar (p = 0.002) and high in fat and complex carbohydrate (p = 0.007). Fat preference (p = 0.048) decreased, VSG reduced preference for calorically dense foods high in fat, sugar, and complex carbohydrate, and these changes may contribute to the weight loss with VSG.
- Published
- 2015
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14. Factors associated with choice of a low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet during a behavioral weight loss intervention.
- Author
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McVay MA, Voils CI, Coffman CJ, Geiselman PJ, Kolotkin RL, Mayer SB, Smith VA, Gaillard L, Turner MJ, and Yancy WS Jr
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- Adult, Aged, Behavior Therapy, Body Mass Index, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Energy Intake, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Weight Reduction Programs, Caloric Restriction, Choice Behavior, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Food Preferences, Obesity diet therapy, Weight Loss
- Abstract
Individuals undertaking a weight loss effort have a choice among proven dietary approaches. Factors contributing to choice of either a low-fat/low-calorie diet or a low-carbohydrate diet, two of the most studied and popular dietary approaches, are unknown. The current study used data from participants randomized to the 'choice' arm of a trial examining whether being able to choose a diet regimen yields higher weight loss than being randomly assigned to a diet. At study entry, participants attended a group session during which they were provided tailored feedback indicating which diet was most consistent with their food preferences using the Geiselman Food Preference Questionnaire (FPQ), information about both diets, and example meals for each diet. One week later, they indicated which diet they chose to follow during the 48-week study, with the option of switching diets after 12 weeks. Of 105 choice arm participants, 44 (42%) chose the low-fat/low-calorie diet and 61 (58%) chose the low-carbohydrate diet. In bivariate analyses, diet choice was not associated with age, race, sex, education, BMI, or diabetes (all p > 0.05). Low-carbohydrate diet choice was associated with baseline higher percent fat intake (p = 0.007), lower percent carbohydrate intake (p = 0.02), and food preferences consistent with a low-carbohydrate diet according to FPQ (p < 0.0001). In a multivariable logistic regression model, only FPQ diet preference was associated with diet choice (p = 0.001). Reported reasons for diet choice were generally similar for those choosing either diet; however, concerns about negative health effects of the unselected diet was rated as more influential among participants selecting the low-fat diet. Only three low-carbohydrate and two low-fat diet participants switched diets at 12 weeks. Results suggest that when provided a choice between two popular weight loss dietary approaches, an individual's selection is likely influenced by baseline dietary intake pattern, and especially by his or her dietary preferences. Research is needed to determine if congruency between food preferences and dietary approach is associated with weight loss., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2014
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15. Considering patient diet preference to optimize weight loss: design considerations of a randomized trial investigating the impact of choice.
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Yancy WS Jr, Coffman CJ, Geiselman PJ, Kolotkin RL, Almirall D, Oddone EZ, Mayer SB, Gaillard LA, Turner M, Smith VA, and Voils CI
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- Caloric Restriction, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Humans, Patient Compliance, Quality of Life, Research Design, Diet, Diet, Reducing methods, Patient Preference, Weight Loss
- Abstract
A variety of diet approaches achieve moderate weight loss in many individuals. Yet, most diet interventions fail to achieve meaningful weight loss in more than a few individuals, likely due to inadequate adherence to the diet. It is widely conjectured that targeting the diet to an individual's food preferences will enhance adherence, thereby improving weight loss. This article describes the design considerations of a study protocol aimed at testing this hypothesis. The study is a 2-arm randomized trial recruiting 216 medical outpatients with BMI ≥30 kg/m(2) followed for 48 weeks. Participants in the experimental arm (Choice) select from two of the most widely studied diets for weight loss, a low-carbohydrate, calorie-unrestricted diet (LCD) or a low-fat, reduced-calorie diet (LFD). The participant's choice is informed by results from a validated food preference questionnaire and a discussion of diet options with trained personnel. Choice participants are given the option to switch to the other diet after three months, if desired. Participants in the Control arm are randomly assigned to follow one of the two diets for the duration of follow-up. The primary outcome is weight assessed every 2-4 weeks for 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes include adherence to diet by food frequency questionnaire and obesity-specific health-related quality of life. If assisting patients to choose their diet enhances adherence and increases weight loss, the results will support the provision of diet options to patients who desire weight loss, and bring us one step closer to remediating the obesity epidemic faced by our healthcare systems., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2013
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16. Food cravings and food cue responding across the menstrual cycle in a non-eating disordered sample.
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McVay MA, Copeland AL, Newman HS, and Geiselman PJ
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- Adolescent, Adult, Cacao, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Dietary Proteins administration & dosage, Eating, Female, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Taste, Young Adult, Cues, Food Preferences, Luteal Phase physiology
- Abstract
The study aim was to examine changes in food cue-elicited cravings and the macronutrient content of craved foods across menstrual cycle phases in a non-eating disordered sample. Thirty-five college females attended laboratory sessions in the late follicular and late luteal phases. In each session they completed a measure of state food craving before and after exposure to preferred, high fat/high sugar chocolate candy. Candy consumption following cue exposure was measured during an ad libitum "taste test." Additionally, participants rated their desire to eat foods differing systematically and significantly in macronutrient content. Ovulation was confirmed with luteinizing hormone detection kits. Results show that whereas the food cue increased cravings, this effect did not differ between cycle phases examined. The macronutrient content of foods desired also did not differ significantly between cycle phases, however, a non-significant trend suggested that high fat/high complex carbohydrate and low fat/high protein foods were more strongly desired in the late luteal phase. Amount of chocolate candy eaten did not differ between cycle phases. These results suggest that cravings for high fat/high sugar foods do not differ between menstrual cycle phases examined, whereas cravings for other foods may fluctuate across cycle phases in non-eating disordered women., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
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17. Change in food cravings, food preferences, and appetite during a low-carbohydrate and low-fat diet.
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Martin CK, Rosenbaum D, Han H, Geiselman PJ, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, Brill C, Bailer B, Miller BV 3rd, Stein R, Klein S, and Foster GD
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- Adult, Behavior, Addictive, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity psychology, Sex Factors, Appetite, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted psychology, Diet, Fat-Restricted psychology, Food Preferences, Obesity diet therapy
- Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effect of prescribing a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and a low-fat diet (LFD) on food cravings, food preferences, and appetite. Obese adults were randomly assigned to a LCD (n = 134) or a LFD (n = 136) for 2 years. Cravings for specific types of foods (sweets, high-fats, fast-food fats, and carbohydrates/starches); preferences for high-sugar, high-carbohydrate, and low-carbohydrate/high-protein foods; and appetite were measured during the trial and evaluated during this secondary analysis of trial data. Differences between the LCD and LFD on change in outcome variables were examined with mixed linear models. Compared to the LFD, the LCD had significantly larger decreases in cravings for carbohydrates/starches and preferences for high-carbohydrate and high-sugar foods. The LCD group reported being less bothered by hunger compared to the LFD group. Compared to the LCD group, the LFD group had significantly larger decreases in cravings for high-fat foods and preference for low-carbohydrate/high-protein foods. Men had larger decreases in appetite ratings compared to women. Prescription of diets that promoted restriction of specific types of foods resulted in decreased cravings and preferences for the foods that were targeted for restriction. The results also indicate that the LCD group was less bothered by hunger compared to the LFD group and that men had larger reductions in appetite compared to women.
- Published
- 2011
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18. Eating disorder pathology and menstrual cycle fluctuations in eating variables in oral contraceptive users and non-users.
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McVay MA, Copeland AL, and Geiselman PJ
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- Adolescent, Feeding Behavior drug effects, Feeding Behavior psychology, Female, Humans, Hunger drug effects, Menstrual Cycle drug effects, Retrospective Studies, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities, Young Adult, Contraceptives, Oral administration & dosage, Eating drug effects, Eating psychology, Feeding and Eating Disorders psychology, Menstrual Cycle psychology
- Abstract
Food intake and food cravings fluctuate across the menstrual cycle in women who are not using oral contraceptives (OCs), however less is known about cyclical variations in eating variables in women using OCs. Furthermore, few studies have examined the relationship between eating disorder pathology and menstrual cycle fluctuations in eating behaviors. In the present study, we examined self-report, retrospective ratings of food cravings intensity, hunger level, and amount eaten across the menstrual cycle in 67 non-OC users and across exogenous hormone regimens in 81 OC users. We also investigated the relationship between eating disorder pathology and cyclical fluctuations in eating variables. The results indicated that OC users and non-OC users report similar levels of food cravings and amount eaten across cycle phases, with food cravings and reported amount eaten elevated during the week prior to menses/hormone withdrawal bleeding and during the week of menses/hormone withdrawal bleeding. However, OC users reported elevated hunger during both the week prior to hormone withdrawal bleeding and during hormone withdrawal bleeding, whereas non-OC users reported an elevation in hunger level only during the week prior to menses. Fear of fatness and other eating disorder pathology variables were significantly associated with increases in food cravings, hunger level and reported amount eaten the week prior to menses in non-OC users, but not in OC users. These findings suggest that future studies should examine the potential role of menstrual cycle-related fluctuations in eating variables on the development of eating disorders., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
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19. Predictors of pretreatment attrition from smoking cessation among pre- and postmenopausal, weight-concerned women.
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Copeland AL, Martin PD, Geiselman PJ, Rash CJ, and Kendzor DE
- Subjects
- Adult, Body Mass Index, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Motivation, Tobacco Use Disorder psychology, Tobacco Use Disorder rehabilitation, Weight Gain, Body Weight, Patient Dropouts, Postmenopause psychology, Premenopause psychology, Smoking Cessation statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
The present study sought to determine whether postcessation weight gain concerns influenced pretreatment attrition differently for pre- versus postmenopausal women smokers. Participants were pre- and postmenopausal women smokers drawn from two clinical trials for smoking cessation and weight gain prevention [the Smoking Treatment/Obesity Prevention (STOP) studies]. Predictors of attrition from baseline assessment visits prior to entering smoking cessation treatment were identified among these women. Pretreatment attrition was significantly higher among the premenopausal women. The premenopausal women had significantly higher weight concern but lower restraint and disinhibition than the postmenopausal women. Weight concern explained variance in treatment attrition from the programs, while controlling for variables such as Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking rate, number of years smoking, nicotine dependence level, dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger, such that the higher the weight concern, the more likely women were to drop out of treatment programs prior to a quitting attempt.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Smoking cessation for weight-concerned women: group vs. individually tailored, dietary, and weight-control follow-up sessions.
- Author
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Copeland AL, Martin PD, Geiselman PJ, Rash CJ, and Kendzor DE
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Patient Satisfaction, Counseling, Exercise Therapy, Smoking Cessation methods, Smoking Prevention, Weight Gain
- Abstract
Postcessation weight gain is of concern to many female cigarette smokers. A multidisciplinary treatment combining psychological, dietary, and exercise components followed a 2-week smoking cessation program. Participants were randomly assigned to receive six follow-up relapse prevention sessions (in a group format or in an individually tailored format) directed by trained representatives from clinical psychology, dietary counseling, and exercise physiology. As predicted, abstinence rates were significantly higher among the individually tailored follow-up participants than among those assigned to the group follow-up condition at 3 and 6 months posttreatment. Differences between conditions in postcessation weight gain were not significant. However, the postcessation weight gain that did occur was significantly associated with subsequent smoking relapse in the group follow-up condition only.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Effects of consuming mycoprotein, tofu or chicken upon subsequent eating behaviour, hunger and safety.
- Author
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Williamson DA, Geiselman PJ, Lovejoy J, Greenway F, Volaufova J, Martin CK, Arnett C, and Ortego L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Chickens, Consumer Product Safety, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Proteins adverse effects, Eating drug effects, Eating physiology, Female, Fungal Proteins adverse effects, Humans, Hunger drug effects, Meat, Middle Aged, Satiation physiology, Soy Foods, Dietary Proteins administration & dosage, Energy Intake drug effects, Energy Intake physiology, Fungal Proteins administration & dosage, Hunger physiology, Satiation drug effects
- Abstract
This study tested if: (1) a preload of mycoprotein and tofu consumed before a lunch meal have a greater effect on satiety when compared to a chicken preload, (2) the mycoprotein and tofu preloads, compared to chicken, are not associated with compensation or eating more food at a subsequent dinner meal. These hypotheses were tested in a controlled laboratory study using universal eating monitors to measure food intake and visual analogue scales to monitor hunger and satiety. Forty-two overweight adult females consumed three meals in the laboratory on 3 test days. At lunch, isocaloric pasta preloads, containing mycoprotein, tofu, or chicken, varied across the days in a balanced order. The findings of the study supported the two hypotheses. Mycoprotein and tofu preloads, in comparison to the chicken preload, were associated with lower food intake shortly after consuming the preload at lunch. Food intake following consumption of mycoprotein and tofu did not differ, and participants did not compensate for lower food intake at lunch by consuming more food at dinner. The findings suggest that mycoprotein and tofu have satiating properties that persist for several hours after a meal. These findings have significant implications for the development of foods that are low in kilojoules, but are also filling.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Consistency of food intake over four eating sessions in the laboratory.
- Author
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Martin CK, Williamson DA, Geiselman PJ, Walden H, Smeets M, Morales S, and Redmann S Jr
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Appetite, Female, Food, Humans, Intention, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory statistics & numerical data, Research Design, Sex Factors, Diet psychology, Eating psychology, Feeding Behavior psychology
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to test the consistency (repeatability) of laboratory measures of food intake, including eating microstructure (cumulative food intake curves), in non-obese humans across four eating sessions, each separated by 1 week. A secondary aim was to test the effect of dietary restraint on the food intake of female participants., Methods: Mixed model analyses were used to compare average food intake across sessions, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were employed to compare within subject variability to total variance. High and low restraint females and low restraint males consumed four lunches in a Universal Eating Monitor (UEM) laboratory. The lunches consisted of one type of sandwich (chicken salad sandwich squares) or three types of sandwiches (chicken salad, ham, and turkey sandwich squares) presented in counterbalanced order., Results: Measures of food intake were stable for men and women, regardless of sandwich variety. In females, level of dietary restraint (high vs. low) did not significantly affect food intake., Discussion: The results indicate that eating behavior in the laboratory is sufficiently stable over time to justify evaluation of interventions designed to alter food intake using within subject designs.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Perception of sweetness intensity determines women's hedonic and other perceptual responsiveness to chocolate food.
- Author
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Geiselman PJ, Smith CF, Williamson DA, Champagne CM, Bray GA, and Ryan DH
- Subjects
- Adult, Dietary Fats, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Cacao, Sweetening Agents, Taste Threshold
- Abstract
This study tested 63 women for hedonic and other perceptual responsiveness to a chocolate food. Subjects tasted four chocolate puddings varying in sugar (high and low) and fat (high and low) content and rated them for pleasantness, caloric density, fillingness and flavor intensities. Results emphasised the importance of sweetness intensity in determining women's responses to the chocolate puddings. Women's perception of sweetness intensity was accurate to sugar content and results consistently indicated that their hedonic responses to the chocolate puddings were based on the perceived sweetness. Women's perception of the caloric density of the puddings was based on their perception of the fat content of the puddings; however, interpretation of that finding must be qualified because the subjects' perception of fat content was inaccurate. The women's perception of sweetness intensity accounted for 31% of the variability in fat perception. Women's perception of the intensity of chocolate flavor was also significantly associated with perceived sweetness of the puddings. These data suggest that the women's accurate perception of the sugar content of the chocolate puddings played a primary role in determining their hedonic and other perceptual responses., (Copyright 1998 Academic Press.)
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Association of dietary restraint and disinhibition with eating behavior, body mass, and hunger.
- Author
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Smith CF, Geiselman PJ, Williamson DA, Champagne CM, Bray GA, and Ryan DH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Bulimia diagnosis, Bulimia psychology, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Motivation, Satiety Response, Taste, Body Mass Index, Diet, Reducing psychology, Feeding Behavior psychology, Hunger, Inhibition, Psychological
- Abstract
This study investigated the association of dietary restraint and disinhibition with self-reported and actual eating behavior, body mass, and hunger. A sample of 124 women were categorized into one of four groups based upon high and low scores on measures of Dietary Restraint and Disinhibition using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. Half of the participants in each group consumed a high sugar/high fat chocolate pudding as a dietary preload. All participants were given a meal comprised of a standard macaroni and beef product. The interaction of Dietary Restraint and Disinhibition was related to differences in body mass. The Dietary Restraint factor was related to self-reported pathological eating behavior and influenced both perceived hunger and subjective hunger ratings. However, actual eating behavior measured by calories consumed and rate of intake was unrelated to the Dietary Restraint factor. Disinhibition was associated with excessive eating, an increased rate of eating, self-reports of eating disorder symptomatology, and perceived hunger. Hence, actual eating behavior was significantly influenced by the ingestive motivational factor, Disinhibition, but not by the cognitive factor, Dietary Restraint. These data also suggest that the Disinhibition construct is measuring overeating rather than disinhibited eating which implies the disruption of Dietary Restraint.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Reliability and validity of a macronutrient self-selection paradigm and a food preference questionnaire.
- Author
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Geiselman PJ, Anderson AM, Dowdy ML, West DB, Redmann SM, and Smith SR
- Subjects
- Adult, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Dietary Proteins administration & dosage, Energy Intake, Humans, Male, Nutritive Value, Reproducibility of Results, Food Preferences psychology, Nutrition Assessment
- Abstract
Our laboratory has developed a macronutrient self-selection paradigm (MSSP) designed to vary fat content significantly and systematically with sugar, complex carbohydrates, and protein content in a battery of foods in which fat is commonly consumed in the American diet. We have also developed a food preference questionnaire (FPQ) according to an identical design but using a list of foods mutually exclusive of those presented for selection and intake in the MSSP. Men were tested twice on both instruments, with a 4-week interval between tests. It was determined that the MSSP has strong test-retest reliability for overall fat (r = 0.91) and other macronutrient intake and total caloric intake. In addition, hunger and fullness ratings were reproducible, and fat preferences (r = 0.99) and hedonic responses to foods listed on the FPQ were highly consistent across trials. This study also demonstrated that the MSSP is a valid instrument with respect to the men's reports of habitual intake of fat (r = 0.80) and total carbohydrates on the Block food questionnaire (FQ). In addition, men's fat preferences on the FPQ were validated with respect to overall fat (r = 0.86) and total caloric intake in the MSSP and fat intake (r = 0.83) reported on the Block FQ. The MSSP also has the capability to detect a wide range of fat intake (3.06-50.35% among the present subjects), indicating that this instrument can identify individuals who differ markedly in fat intake or could detect changes in fat preference within subjects. In addition, this paradigm detected a large range of sugar and total caloric intake. It is anticipated that the use of these laboratory tools can enhance our understanding of the relationship between dietary fat intake and obesity.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Body temperature and wheel running predict survival times in rats exposed to activity-stress.
- Author
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Morrow NS, Schall M, Grijalva CV, Geiselman PJ, Garrick T, Nuccion S, and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Stress, Physiological mortality, Survival Analysis, Body Temperature physiology, Physical Conditioning, Animal physiology, Stress, Physiological physiopathology
- Abstract
The relationship between restricted feeding, core body temperature (Tb), wheel running, survival, and gastric erosion formation was examined in female rats exposed to activity-stress. Core body temperature and gross motor activity were telemetrically monitored in four groups of rats that had free access to running wheels and in one group that was not allowed to run on the wheels. Twenty-four hours prior to the onset of hypothermia and predicted mortality, different groups were left undisturbed, warmed with a heat lamp, denied access to running wheels, or euthanized. Length of survival in wheel-running rats varied from 2 to 12 days. During the first day of food deprivation, premorbid changes in the variability of Tb during the diurnal period and the mean number of wheel revolutions during the nocturnal period were strongly predictive of length of survival. Warming rats with a heat lamp or preventing rats from ever running on the wheel increased the length of survival and attenuated gastric erosion formation. Only rats that were warmed had a greater likelihood of survival. Gastric pathology was also reduced in rats that were euthanized prior to becoming moribund. Rats that were left undisturbed or locked from the running wheel over the last 24 h of testing became moribund and had extensive gastric mucosal damage. These results indicate that thermoregulatory disturbances induced by restricted feeding and not wheel running alone are critical in determining survival and the degree of gastric mucosal injury in rats exposed to activity-stress. Results further suggest that predisposing factors may put some rats at risk for the development of activity-stress-induced mortality.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Control of food intake. A physiologically complex, motivated behavioral system.
- Author
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Geiselman PJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Hormones physiology, Humans, Peptides physiology, Feeding Behavior physiology, Feeding Behavior psychology, Homeostasis physiology, Hunger physiology, Satiation physiology
- Abstract
This article has examined the control of food intake as a physiologically complex, motivated behavioral system. During the past four decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding putative signals for hunger, satiation, and satiety, although hunger signals have proven to be more difficult to identify. The putative physiologic controls of food intake include positive and negative sensory feedback; gastric and intestinal distension; the effects of nutrients, nutrient reserves, and metabolism in producing signals to the liver or brain; and peptides and hormones released in the gastrointestinal tract or the brain. However, food intake is not influenced solely by physiologic signals for hunger, satiation, and satiety. To comprehend feeding behavior more thoroughly, current physiologic models must be extended to include modulating factors such as feeding-associated responses adapted through learning processes and the influence of circadian rhythms, which can be dominating over hunger, satiation, and satiety signals.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Effects of amygdaloid lesions on gastric erosion formation during exposure to activity-stress.
- Author
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Morrow NS, Grijalva CV, Geiselman PJ, and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Brain Stem physiopathology, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Dominance, Cerebral physiology, Food Deprivation physiology, Hypothalamus physiopathology, Male, Neural Pathways physiopathology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Stress, Psychological physiopathology, Amygdala physiopathology, Gastric Mucosa innervation, Motor Activity physiology, Stomach Ulcer physiopathology, Stress, Psychological complications
- Abstract
To examine the role of the amygdala in the production of gastric ulcers induced by activity-stress, electrolytic lesions were placed in the centromedial (CENT) and medial (MED) amygdaloid nuclei, as well as in the intra-amygdaloid division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). As compared to sham-operated controls (CONT), gastric ulceration was attenuated in rats with CENT lesions and exacerbated in rats with lesions located in the BNST or MED. Wheel running did not differ significantly between control animals and lesioned rats, but did differ within lesioned groups. Rats with MED lesions ran more than rats with CENT or BNST lesions. Results support the view that the integrity of the centromedial amygdala is critical for the maintenance of the viscera and demonstrate that neurogenic factors contribute to the development of gastric erosions during exposure to activity-stress.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Vagally mediated feeding responses to phloridzin infusion in the rabbit.
- Author
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Sanderson JD, VanderWeele DA, and Geiselman PJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Glucose metabolism, Infusions, Intravenous, Intubation, Gastrointestinal, Phlorhizin administration & dosage, Rabbits, Vagotomy, Eating drug effects, Phlorhizin pharmacology, Vagus Nerve physiology
- Abstract
Rabbits were infused with the plant glycoside, phloridzin, which blocks absorption of glucose across a number of bodily tissues. Feeding was dramatically increased in the first 0.5 h following phloridzin infusion into either the duodenum or the hepatic-portal vein of intact rabbits. Food intake covaried inversely with glycemic levels after phloridzin infusion into the hepatic-portal vein, but rabbits did not show a systematic relationship between blood glucose levels and food intake following duodenal infusion of phloridzin. When administered into the general circulation via the jugular vein, phloridzin did not elicit feeding. Finally, vagotomized rabbits did not show the hyperphagic response to phloridzin that was observed in intact rabbits. It was concluded that the feeding response to phloridzin is vagally mediated and appears to be induced by glucose transport inhibition at some peripheral site.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The metabolic bases for "paradoxical" and normal feeding.
- Author
-
Novin D, O'Farrell L, Acevedo-Cruz A, and Geiselman PJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Duodenum, Fructose administration & dosage, Fructose pharmacology, Glucose administration & dosage, Glucose pharmacology, Injections, Insulin blood, Intubation, Gastrointestinal, Monosaccharides pharmacology, Portal Vein, Rabbits, Reference Values, Satiety Response physiology, Solutions, Eating physiology, Metabolism physiology
- Abstract
Hexoses infused slowly into the duodenum or hepatic-portal vein reduce feeding. However, hexoses can increase food intake following rapid infusion via either of these two routes. Insulin responses and resultant glycemic changes differ following fast and slow duodenal glucose infusion. This is unlikely to be the primary explanation, because fructose affects feeding but is not a secretagogue of insulin under our testing conditions. In follow-up studies, we infused glucose or fructose into the hepatic-portal vein at the fast or the slow rate, and measured 14C incorporation into liver mitochondria and glycogen, and tritiated water uptake into hepatic lipids. Fast infusion of glucose or fructose increased lipid formation, reducing mitochondrial uptake and glycogen formation, and was associated with hunger enhancement. Slow hexose infusion was associated with substrate uptake into mitochondria and glycogen, with reduced uptake into hepatic fat. These findings all are consistent with the previously observed positive correlation seen between mitochondrial oxidation and satiety (28).
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effects of septal damage and ovariectomy on feeding, drinking and body weight.
- Author
-
Geiselman PJ and Almli CR
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Rats, Body Weight physiology, Brain Injuries psychology, Drinking Behavior physiology, Feeding Behavior physiology, Ovariectomy
- Abstract
Septal destruction and ovariectomy each influenced food intake and body weight differentially. Animals sustaining septal damage ingested significantly more food than the other groups, and septal hyperphagia persisted for as long as 109 days. Ovarian hyperphagia did not occur under conditions of constant illumination. Septal destruction exerted essentially no effect on body weight, while ovariectomy substantially increased body weight. Sequential surgical manipulations provided further evidence that the ovaries and the septum influence food intake and body weight via independent mechanisms. Results indicated that the septal and ovarian effects on water intake are not mediated via independent mechanisms. Septal and ovarian hyperdipsia were found to be very robust effects occurring regardless of the lighting regimen. It was further demonstrated that ovarian hyperdipsia is not secondary to food intake but rather is primary hyperdipsia.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Gastric mucosal damage induced by lateral hypothalamic lesions in rats: the potential contribution of bile.
- Author
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Grijalva CV, Tordoff MG, Geiselman PJ, and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Bile metabolism, Gastric Mucosa pathology, Hypothalamus pathology, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Bile physiology, Gastric Mucosa physiology, Hypothalamus physiology
- Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the potential contribution of bile to gastric mucosal damage induced by lesions of the lateral hypothalamic area in rats. In two separate experiments it was found that (1) lateral hypothalamic lesions did not alter the rate of bile flow in the acute preparation, but (2) bile duct ligation significantly reduced the incidence of gastric mucosal damage. Based on these and previous findings it is suggested that the reflux of bile interacts with the weakened gastric mucosal barrier to elicit ulceration.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Amygdaloid lesions impair ingestive responses to 2-deoxy-D-glucose but not insulin.
- Author
-
Tordoff MG, Geiselman PJ, Grijalva CV, Kiefer SW, and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drinking drug effects, Eating drug effects, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Amygdala physiology, Appetite drug effects, Deoxy Sugars pharmacology, Deoxyglucose pharmacology, Insulin pharmacology
- Abstract
Bilateral lesions of the amygdala in male rats impaired the feeding response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG; 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). During the first 3 h postinjection, control rats displayed a dose-related increase in both food and water consumption. Rats with amygdaloid lesions did not respond to 2-DG until the 3rd h postinjection, when only the two largest doses significantly increased food consumption. Their water intake remained unaffected throughout the 3-h postinjection period. During the 4th-24th h post-2-DG administration, both groups displayed a dose-related suppression of food and water intake. Following insulin (10 U/kg), amygdaloid and control animals were indistinguishable: both groups showed a significant short-term increase in food and water intake followed by a reduction in intakes during the 4th-24th h. Central visceral pathways that are important for the ingestive responses to 2-DG may be interrupted by amygdaloid lesions. However, pathways responsible for the ingestive behavior induced by insulin appear unaffected by damage to the amygdala.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The role of carbohydrates in appetite, hunger and obesity.
- Author
-
Geiselman PJ and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Glucose, Cues, Deoxyglucose pharmacology, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Fructose pharmacology, Humans, Hypoglycemia etiology, Insulin blood, Insulin pharmacology, Obesity diet therapy, Rats, Starch pharmacology, Sucrose pharmacology, Taste, Vagotomy, Appetite drug effects, Dietary Carbohydrates pharmacology, Hunger drug effects, Obesity etiology
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Sugar-induced hyperphagia: is hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemia, or any other factor a "necessary" condition?
- Author
-
Geiselman PJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Appetite drug effects, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Disease Models, Animal, Eating drug effects, Feeding Behavior physiology, Humans, Sucrose administration & dosage, Sucrose pharmacology, Dietary Carbohydrates pharmacology, Feeding Behavior drug effects, Hypoglycemia complications, Insulin blood
- Abstract
Results of a number of studies have suggested that hyperinsulinemia and resultant hypoglycemia are part of a sequence of responses that can lead to hunger and to sugar-induced hyperphagia. However, it is argued in the present paper that neither hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemia, nor any other factor per se is solely responsible for the hyperphagic effect of sugar or any other feeding effect. Also, the present paper emphasizes the need for caution in attempting to evaluate the role of a given factor in sugar-induced hyperphagia, or any other feeding effect, by eliminating the factor of interest. I have reviewed evidence indicating that the elimination of preabsorptive insulin, which may mediate sugar-induced hyperphagia, actually potentiates other factors that may mediate the same effect.
- Published
- 1988
36. Appetite, hunger and obesity as a function of dietary sugar intake: can these effects be mediated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia? A reply to commentaries.
- Author
-
Geiselman PJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Energy Intake, Humans, Obesity physiopathology, Rats, Satiety Response physiology, Taste physiology, Appetite physiology, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Hunger physiology, Insulin blood, Obesity psychology
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Food intake following hepatic portal infusion of glucagon in intact and vagotomized rabbits.
- Author
-
Geiselman PJ, Vanderweele DA, and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Food Deprivation, Glucagon administration & dosage, Infusions, Parenteral, Liver Glycogen metabolism, Portal Vein, Rabbits, Vagotomy, Feeding Behavior drug effects, Glucagon pharmacology
- Published
- 1979
38. Pancreatic glucagon, food deprivation and feeding in intact and vagotomized rabbits.
- Author
-
Vanderweele DA, Geiselman PJ, and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Eating drug effects, Female, Food Deprivation, Glycogen metabolism, Rabbits, Feeding Behavior drug effects, Glucagon pharmacology, Vagotomy
- Abstract
Thirty New-Zealand female rabbits were implanted with hepatic-portal cannulas and six simultaneously underwent bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. When recovered, all animals received pancreatic glucagon infused at 1.0 cc/min for a total dosage of 12 microgram in 3.0 cc of isotonic saline. On alternate days, isotonic saline alone was infused as a control. Twelve intact and six vagotomized animals received infusions terminating food deprivations of 4, 8, and 24 hr while the remaining animals received the infusions only when free feeding. The feeding behavior of all animals was measured at 0.5, 1 and 2 hr postinfusion. Glucagon significantly suppressed feeding relative to saline only in 0- and 4-hr-food-deprived intact rabbits. Longer deprivations followed by glucagon did not produce suppression, and glucagon was completely ineffective in suppressing feeding in vagotomized animals. Although glucagon infusion in 4-hr food-deprived intact rabbits produced 38% suppression of food intake during the first hr postadministration, glycogen analysis revealed no significant reduction under the behavioral testing paradigm. These results indicate that glucagon can suppress food intake without depletion of liver glycogen. It is suggested that glucagon is not a satiety signal but can probably suppress feeding through initiating glycogenolysis.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Sugar infusion can enhance feeding.
- Author
-
Geiselman PJ and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Glucose physiology, Female, Glucose administration & dosage, Rabbits, Duodenum physiology, Glucose pharmacology, Satiation drug effects, Satiety Response drug effects
- Abstract
An investigation was made of the role of glucose in the regulation of hunger and satiety in the rabbit. Glucose, when infused intraduodenally at a low rate (1 milliliter per minute), produced a decrease in food intake. However, when glucose was infused into the duodenum at a high rate (3 milliliters per minute), the rabbits nearly doubled their food intake during the first half-hour after infusion. It is hypothesized that the rapid arrival and glucose in the duodenum may produce hunger.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. System for measurement and data reduction of meal-related parameters.
- Author
-
Geiselman PJ, Rogers GH, Jaster JP, Martin JR, and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Computers, Behavior, Animal, Eating, Equipment and Supplies, Feeding Behavior
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Drinking to intracellular dehydration following vagotomy in rats.
- Author
-
Martin JR, Geiselman PJ, and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Water, Male, Osmolar Concentration, Rats, Reaction Time, Vagotomy, Water Deprivation, Drinking Behavior physiology, Vagus Nerve physiology
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Dietary self-selection in cycling and neonatally ovariectomized rats.
- Author
-
Geiselman PJ, Martin JR, Vanderweele DA, and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn physiology, Body Weight, Drinking Behavior physiology, Energy Intake, Female, Pregnancy, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Castration, Estrus, Feeding Behavior physiology
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Multivariate analysis of meal patterning in intact and vagotomized rabbits.
- Author
-
Geiselman PJ, Martin JR, VanderWeele DA, and Novin D
- Subjects
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Rabbits, Feeding Behavior physiology, Vagus Nerve physiology
- Abstract
Meal patterns of female rabbits were measured throughout a 12:12 hr light/dark cycle and subjected to a multivariate-univariate analysis. Increased food intake occurring during the first 6 hr of dark was attributed to increased meal frequency and feeding rate, while that found during the last 6 hr of dark was attributed to increased meal duration and meal size. Meal patterning was also nonhomogeneous between the 6-hr periods in the light portion of the cycle. Experiment 2 demonstrated the times of day when feeding patterns of vagotomized animals are different from those of intact animals and, further, delineated the relevant variables that are altered by vagotomy. Immediately following light offset, vagotomized animals were distinguished from intact animals by sloer feeding rate and decreased food intake. Immediately following light onset, vagotomized animals were distinguished from intact animals by decreased feeding frequency, increased meal duration, and increased satiety ratio. During the 6 hr immediately preceding light onset or offset, none of the variables could discriminate the feeding patterns of intact animals from those of vagotomized animals.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Amygdaloid lesions attenuate neurogenic gastric mucosal erosions but do not alter gastric secretory changes induced by intracisternal bombesin.
- Author
-
Grijalva CV, Taché Y, Gunion MW, Walsh JH, and Geiselman PJ
- Subjects
- Amygdala pathology, Animals, Bombesin administration & dosage, Electrolysis, Gastric Acid metabolism, Gastric Mucosa innervation, Gastric Mucosa metabolism, Gastrins metabolism, Hypothalamic Area, Lateral physiology, Male, Nerve Crush, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Stereotaxic Techniques, Amygdala physiology, Bombesin pharmacology, Gastric Mucosa pathology
- Abstract
Bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus in rats produce glandular gastric mucosal damage. The results of the first experiment demonstrated that the severity of the neurogenic gastric erosions is attenuated by prior lesions of the centromedial amygdala. In a second experiment it was shown that fasting gastric acidity is significantly reduced following chronic amygdaloid lesions and this may be the mechanism involved in the protective nature of the amygdaloid lesions against gastric mucosal damage. In addition, it was found that gastric secretory changes induced by intracisternal injection of bombesin are unaffected by amygdaloid damage. The present results are consistent with the view that the centromedial amygdaloid region may influence gastric functions by modulating the activity of the preoptic-anterolateral hypothalamic areas or by directly influencing lower brain stem autonomic control areas.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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