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Background: In the health care system, bypassing affects both the primary level and higher-level health care institutions. It compromises the quality of care rendering to the clients of lower and higher level health care system by causing an overcrowded. And overflow of delivering mothers to higher level causes unnecessary workload, overcrowding, shortage of medical supplies, equipment, drugs, and service dalliance in the health facility which may contribute to institutional maternal and neonatal morbidities and mortalities. Moreover, it causes a client to wait a long time, yet the health care providers devoted their time to looking at minor cases which decreases access to the needy clients. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing all these gaps, which are an important indicator of the quality of care in the health system. Method: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 1-30/2018. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 391 study participants. Data were entered into Epi Info version-7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression was computed. Variables whose P-value is < 0.2 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted to the multivariable analysis, and an adjusted odds ratio with their corresponding 95% confidence interval was calculated to determine the statistical association. Results: 422 mothers were invited to participate in this study out of which 391 mothers respond properly giving a response rate of 96.65%. Overall 246 (62.9%, 95% CI: (58.1, 67.5)) mothers bypassed their catchment health center. Age of the mother, resident, educational status of unable to read and write and primary education, marital status, first time parity, informed where to deliver during ANC follow up and mothers who have no information about the availability of childbirth service at the health center were factors associated with bypassing of nearest health center. Conclusion: The proportion of women bypassing health centers is high. The individual characteristics that predicted increase in proportion of respondents who bypassed health facilities includes, age, educational and marital status, resident and first time parity. On top of these, information given to the pregnant mother where to deliver and the service availability were found to be important predictor variables; therefore, efforts has to be made with regard to these variables, and a special attention has to be given on information provision by the care provider during ANC care., Ethiopian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)

Ebisa Turi Jambola,1 Abebaw Addis Gelagay,2 Aysheshim Kassahun Belew,3 Amanuel Alemu Abajobir4 1Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia; 2Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 4Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit, African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, KenyaCorrespondence: Ebisa Turi JambolaDepartment of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, EthiopiaTel +251917686021Fax +251576617980Email ebakoturi@gmail.comBackground: Women are often forced to recommence sexual intercourse after childbirth to maintain intimacy and fulfill their partners’ desires. Early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse leads to sexual health problems and unwanted pregnancy if not complemented with appropriate contraceptive use. However, sexual practice during the early postpartum period has received little attention in clinical and research settings. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the early resumption of sexual intercourse and its associated factors among postpartum women attending public health institutions in Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out from March to April 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 528 postpartum women. An interviewer-administered, pretested, and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were coded and entered into Epi Info 7.2.1, and exported to SPSS version 20.0 to run bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions.Results: One in five postpartum women (20.2%, 95% CI: 17.1– 23.6) practiced an early resumption of sexual intercourse, of whom three-fifths (58%) did not use any contraceptives. Women’s secondary education (AOR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.07– 0.71), husband’s elementary (AOR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.06– 0.87) and secondary education (AOR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.07– 0.88), as well as women’s fertility status (parity of one) (AOR=3.52, 95% CI: 1.24– 10.01), normal vaginal delivery (AOR=5.44, 95% CI: 1.84– 16.12), giving birth to a male child (AOR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.05– 3.60), desire for another child (AOR=5.71, 95% CI: 1.89– 17.25), and pressure from the husband to initiate intercourse (AOR=9.89, 95% CI: 4.99– 19.58) were significantly associated with early resumption of sexual intercourse.Conclusion: A significant proportion of postpartum women who resume early sexual intercourse do not use any contraceptives. Interventions that focus on strengthening the integration of postpartum sexual health education and service use are warranted.Keywords: early resumption of sexual intercourse, postpartum women, Ethiopia

Background: Opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections are the major public health problem among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients. In the absence of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries such as Ethiopia continue to suffer from the consequences of intestinal parasites. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of opportunistic and other intestinal parasites among on-ART HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2015 to January2016 among pre-ART and on-ART adult HIV/AIDS patients at University of Gondar Hospital, northwest Ethiopia. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and associated risk factors. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. Stool samples were collected and processed using a direct, wet-mount, formol-ether concentration technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. The CD4 counts were estimated by using the BD FACS Count system. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20 software.Results: A total of 150 study participants (48ARTnaïve and102 on ART) were included in the study. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 45.3% – 25.3% in pre-ART patients and 20% in on-ART patients. Two thirds (8/12) of opportunistic parasitic infections were found in the ART-naïve patients and significantly associated with CD4 counts

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