4,406 results on '"Gender history"'
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2. The Leafy Tree: The Lindsay Family and Siblinghood in Australia.
- Author
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Gardiner, Thea and Gay, Catherine
- Subjects
SIBLINGS ,MIDDLE class families ,LIFE cycles (Biology) ,GENEALOGY ,SOCIAL change - Abstract
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, social, cultural and political change were mediated through sibling networks. During this period in Australia, no middle-class family was more culturally influential than the Lindsay family, many of whom became internationally renowned artists and writers. This paper examines the Lindsays' sibling bonds from childhood into adulthood and explores how the social relationships and networks created between the siblings acted as cultural incubators. The Australian settler-colonial context provides a unique lens through which to understand the importance of sibling relationships throughout the life cycle, and speaks to broader patterns around the intense character of sibling relations during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Administrative and Police Regulation of Muslim Women’s Position in Russian Turkestan
- Author
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Vyacheslav P. Litvinov
- Subjects
gender history ,nomadic women ,central asian khanates ,sart women ,customary law ,sharia ,islam ,History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics ,DK1-4735 - Abstract
The author considers in two contexts the problem of the legal regulation of Muslim women’s position in Russian Turkestan, the Central Asia territories which had become part of Russia - on the one hand, the general state of the women's issue in the Russian Empire, and on the other hand, how the state ensured the rights of the entire local population of the region. Within the text, the role of the imperial police in regulating the legal status of Muslim women is examined. It is emphasized that in various regions of Russia the position of women had its own regional specifics, but it was especially difficult in Islamic Central Asia. However, it is noted that unlike the Bukhara and Khiva khanates, Muslim women of Russian Turkestan gained support from the administration and the po-lice, which helped them resist the traditional provisions of customary law and Sharia. Imperial civil law was considered the norm according to which women could turn to the authorities for protecting their rights. The author also reveals the influence of the new “Regulations on the Administration of the Turkestan Territory” adopted in 1886, which worsened the living conditions of women and left them with the opportunity to protect their rights only through the adoption of Christianity (Orthodoxy). Nevertheless, based on various sources, the article shows that the position of women in the region under Russian rule had significantly improved compared to the pre-imperial period.
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- 2024
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4. A ‘Grande Causa’: missionárias do planeamento familiar no mundo em descolonização
- Author
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Nicole C. Bourbonnais
- Subjects
decolonization ,gender history ,population ,family planning ,maternalism ,Pathfinder Fund ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
This article follows the work of three international fieldworkers who traveled abroad for the U.S.-based Pathfinder Fund in the 1950s and 1960s to distribute contraceptives, promote the formation of family planning clinics, and support local advocates. These actors situated their work within longer traditions of maternalist humanitarian and Christian missionary internationalism, while also portraying themselves as skilled inter-cultural interlocutors, cognizant of the changing winds prompted by decolonization movements. Still, their insistence on particular methods, reliance on stereotypes, and sometimes aggressive approach fueled tension and undermined their efforts at solidarity. The article thus illustrates some of the central contradictions of post-WWII humanitarianism and the broader entangling of missionary, maternalist, and family planning projects. This article is part of the special theme section on International Organizations in the Era of Decolonization, guest-edited by José Pedro Monteiro.
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- 2024
5. Women‘s front-line everyday life during the Great Patriotic War as a historiographical problem
- Author
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I. D. Yantsen
- Subjects
women ,front-line everyday life ,ussr ,great patriotic war ,historiography ,military-historical anthropology ,gender history ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Language and Literature - Abstract
The phenomenon of mass participation of Soviet women in the Great Patriotic War has no analogues in the history of world wars. Despite this, their contribution to the Victory was not immediately reflected in historiography and is still not sufficiently covered both in encyclopedic publications and in school textbooks, which determines the relevance of our study. The purpose of the work is to trace the development of scientific approaches to the study of the participation of Soviet women in the Great Patriotic War. The author uses methods of historiographic analysis, historiographic synthesis, and periodization. The study led to conclusion that in Soviet historiography the main emphasis was made on the leading role of the party in organizing the military service of women, on their heroism and military merits; works on certain categories of female military personnel did not add up to a complex picture. The only generalizing studies on the problem published during the Soviet period were the works by V.S. Murmantseva, based on archival materials. The turning point of the Soviet historiography was the documentary essay by S.A. Alexievich «War’s Unwomanly Face», where, based on oral history materials, a female perspective on the events of the Great Patriotic War was presented for the first time. At the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, when new scientific directions emerged – military-historical anthropology and military-historical psychology, established by E.S. Senyavskaya, – conditions are being created for deeper and more comprehensive study of the phenomenon of women in war. However, no general work devoted to the frontline everyday life of Soviet women soldiers has yet appeared, which makes the study of this problem promising in contemporary historical science.
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- 2024
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6. "UNA GRINGUITA EN MÉXICO": JANET RIESENFELD, GENDER, AND WRITING TRANSNATIONALISM IN MEXICAN CINEMA (1938-1965).
- Author
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Labbato, Maria
- Subjects
- *
MEXICAN films , *TRANSNATIONALISM , *FILMMAKING , *SCREENPLAYS , *CULTURAL studies - Abstract
US-born Janet Riesenfeld (1914-1998), known in Mexico as Raquel Rojas (the actress) and Janet Alcoriza (the screenwriter), was an important figure of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema and participant in the Spanish Republicans' cultural production in exile in Mexico. Despite collaborating on at least eighty screenplays between 1946 and 1965, including one entitled Una Gringuita en México (1951), she is mentioned only briefly in the studies of her Spanish exiled associates: second husband Luis Alcoriza (1918-1992) and Surrealist Luis Buñuel (1900-1983). It is during a period of increased national film production in Mexico that Riesenfeld created a niche as an American woman importing Spanish images while disrupting cultural fixities in Mexican popular culture. Building on transnational and mobility studies, this article employs historical biography and transcultural frameworks of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema to illuminate more fully foreign women's productions to Mexican cultural life and the contributions of the European exile community. Integrating reviews, journalism, and analysis of film, it suggests how aspects of Riesenfeld's identity were woven into the screenplays developed by the couple, known as the "Alcorizas," and perhaps contributed to their success. This study adds to the conversation of the transnational peculiarities of cinema by arguing that the screenwriting team parodied notions of cultural authenticity when the film industry applied greater national protections, and that despite sexism, Riesenfeld negotiated creative space as a woman and a foreigner. Riesenfeld's multifaceted entrance into the Mexican film industry provides a biographical case study of the various transnational and gendered dynamics of the war and postwar periods in film production, namely in writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Die Entscheidbarkeit des persönlichen Ehrstatus frühneuzeitlicher Männer und Frauen. Konfliktsfälle im Vergleich.
- Author
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Zeilinger, Florian
- Abstract
Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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8. La Americanita: Janet Riesenfeld’s Nomadic Crossings of the Spanish Civil War and Exile
- Author
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Labbato, Maria, Silverman, Renée M., editor, and Sánchez-Pardo, Esther, editor
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- 2024
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9. Augusta Thekla Hasslock Kemp: Woman of 'Accomplishment' and the Pre-glamour Geologist
- Author
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Driggers, E. Allen and Driggers, E. Allen
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- 2024
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10. Imagination and History: Glamour and Geology
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Driggers, E. Allen and Driggers, E. Allen
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- 2024
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11. Legalising and enforcing socio-religious norms : the state, caste and positions of women in the Maratha Empire, 1674-1818
- Author
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Prashant, Chatterjee, Nandini, Barry, Jonathan, and Ward, Richard
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Indian History ,Maratha Empire ,Gender history ,Caste history ,History of sex ,Domestic abuse ,Crime and violence ,Female criminality ,Dancing women ,Courtesans ,Sati ,Widows ,Female Slavery ,Forced Marriage ,Forcible sex - Abstract
This thesis investigates the working of laws and judicial mechanisms, including religious and caste assemblies, in order to uncover impacts of the Maratha state's religious and political ideologies and ambitions on the predicaments of women. Maratha state formation from 1674 and its imperial rule in the eighteenth century (prior to British control in 1818) was built and maintained on the foundation, perpetuation and dissemination of patriarchal Brahmanism, i.e., ideological and institutional control, suppression and exploitation of women, as well as both lower-caste and Muslim men, privileging Brahmins. To buttress their authority, the Maratha state adopted and implemented patriarchal-Brahmanical socio-religious norms, transmitted in society through religious discourse, practices and celebration, as unavoidable parts of state law. Thus, the Maratha state centrally deployed the office of chief-justice and panditarāva (religious judge) and in the countryside (since its rule was not as accessible and potent as in the capital [Pune] and its hinterland) it collaborated with pre-existing community tribunals, namely, religious and caste assemblies, which facilitated the Maratha state's rule in the countryside and legitimised and empowered these assemblies' tribunal practices. These processes aggravated the predicaments of women and lower caste and Muslim men as the groups which were discriminated against socially, due to their gender and caste, began to be discriminated against legally. Given the misogyny and caste prejudice within Brahmanical norms, my PhD research examines how their legal enforcement affected the lives of women belonging to different castes and religions. The secondary literature regarding gender in Maratha historiography, viewed women, unlike men, as a single entity with emphasis placed on how patriarchy affected upper caste women. Even when intersectionality (caste) in women's history was researched, the emphasis was still on how Brahminism (caste) affected those who were at the pinnacle of caste hierarchy. Since Brahmin women could not divorce and remarry and either followed Shastric widowhood or undertook sati, it was concluded that their life was even worse than that of lower caste women. Considering that caste was (still) a determinant of people's lifestyle, social status and relations, occupation (thus also class and economy) and treatment, I found such neglect of intersectionality with regard to lower caste and Muslim women in Maratha history a glaring gap. My research, hence, probes how caste affected women of different castes within and outside the governing system. It explores distinct lived experiences as well as legal treatments of women ranging from domestic to public spheres, namely women's sexual and intimate agencies, domestic abuse committed against and by women, crime and violence against women, the practice of sati and the tradition of dancing women. In all these areas, it emphasises the influence of caste and gender and the varying nature of governmental control in the respective regions. Unlike previous research my research shows that the perceived severity and punishment of crimes, even in the capital city of Pune, depended on the caste and gender of the people involved and the varying levels and types of governmental control. Criminal justice was shaped by patriarchal Brahmanism, derived from and influenced by Shastric traditions and ideologies. While patriarchal Brahmanism was omnipresent, its effects differed widely. While upper caste women were denied divorce and remarriage and were forced into Shastric widowhood or became sati, they also had privileges due to their caste status. For example, they lived in big houses situated in the main village, employed servants and slaves and were treated with respect within and outside the governing system. Whereas lower caste women including Muslims were (as now) subject to the uttermost cruelties, discrimination and harshest realities whether in terms of their daily lifestyle (living in small houses or structures at the peripheries and worked within and outside their household for their livelihood), untouchability, servitude (slavery) and in their legal treatment and also experienced the most heinous crimes (rape and femicide). Thus, it is proposed that unlike upper caste women, lower caste women were at the margins of caste, class and gender, and their treatment and experience within and outside the governing system was worse than all men and upper caste women and they were discriminated against by all of them under the Maratha state's enforcement of patriarchal Brahmanism. Nonetheless, my research does not simply record a passive story of women's repression, but also explores evidence for their deviancy, criminality, negotiation, resistance, power and agency, whether in sexual acts, domestic abuse, rape, elopement, sati or the profession of dancing, showing how women found allies among kinsmen and women, and not only sought but also gained some autonomy, power and wealth, including social capital, in their personal and professional lives.
- Published
- 2023
12. The Reception of Women Letter-Writers in the Correspondence of John Locke (1632–1704).
- Author
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Bourke, Evan
- Subjects
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CITATION analysis , *DIGITAL humanities , *PHILOSOPHERS , *COUSINS , *SCHOLARS - Abstract
Recently, scholars have begun to use network analysis to explore women's participation in correspondence networks. One such correspondence with a distinct presence of women letter-writers is that of the philosopher John Locke (1632–1704), who corresponded with thirty-five different women, including the philosopher Damaris Masham (1659–1708), and his cousin Mary Clarke (c. 1656–c. 1705). Through the lens of citation and co-citation analysis, this essay explores the reception of the women letter-writers in Locke's correspondence, arguing that shifting focus onto the reception of women facilitates a re-centering of these women's activities even at moments that their own letters are no longer extant, examining the connections between how women letter-writers represent themselves and how they are represented by the wider network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Health, home and hearth: how war nurses negotiated their place at the table during the dawn of Francoist Spain.
- Author
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Seibert, Katharina
- Subjects
- *
SPANISH Civil War, 1936-1939 , *NURSES , *FRANCOISM , *GENDER role - Abstract
During the Spanish Civil War, around 15,000 women were deployed as nurses or auxiliaries in the military health service of the Francoist army. Many of them worked behind the firing lines and came close to the combat and destruction. When the war drew to an end, these frontline nurses were demobilized and sent home to hearth and family. For some of them, returning home was a relief; for others, it meant the end to a professional career and meaningful vocation outside family control. Some of them used the tumultuous 'post-war' months to raise their voices, demanding the same treatment as male veterans. They wanted the same privileges these men enjoyed, such as free university access or ex-combatant status. Rallying together in support of such interests, they transcended several social borders, like Francoist ideas of complementary gender roles, concepts of nurses being acquiescent angels at sickbeds, and values of unconditional subordination and obedience. By pushing marriage into the future, they further violated Francoist expectations of a woman's 'proper' biographical trajectory. In all these endeavours to gain a place at the table of Francoist Spain, they found support from their male colleagues and superiors. Drawing from sources of the Francoist military health service, this paper argues that their petitions echoed the elitist and gendered views concerning the making of the victor's society. These perspectives reflected the intricate integration processes within the heterogeneous support base from which the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco drew his legitimacy and backing both during and after the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. The Marchioness of Chaves beyond rebellion: Gendered Perspectives on Power during the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy Transition.
- Author
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Urbano, Pedro
- Subjects
MARQUESSES ,REVOLUTIONS ,MONARCHY ,EXECUTIVE power ,POLITICAL systems - Abstract
Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
15. 'An elegant and able practitioner'. Marian Mason and the rise of women's calisthenics in nineteenth century Britain.
- Author
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Heffernan, Conor
- Subjects
NINETEENTH century ,CALISTHENICS ,MILITARY education ,PHYSICAL training & conditioning ,BRITISH history ,NAVAL history - Abstract
In 1826 Marian Mason was introduced to British society as a callisthenic instructor. Trained by P.H. Clias, a gymnast who oversaw physical training in the military and navy, Mason is the first high profile female fitness coach in British history. Despite her importance as a landmark figure, Mason's contributions, and indeed life, remain relatively obscured from the historical record. Studying Mason's heyday in public life from 1826 to the early 1830s, this article provides the first substantive examination of Mason's life, her social networks and wealth and, critically, the monograph she published in 1826. While acknowledging Mason's role as an early female fitness coach, the article provides a deep reading of Mason's successes, focusing on her class and relationship advantages, her ability to court medical favour and shrewdness in addressing broader societal concerns. This article is less a biography and more an examination of the broader social and medical trends in early nineteenth century England, which created a space for people like Mason. The article presents a simple argument – Marian Mason was an early female fitness coach who, drawing on broader societal concerns about the body, created a niche for her career by leveraging her expertise and familial connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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16. Introduction: The Stormy Swirl of Sensations.
- Author
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Hsiung, Hansun, Paulino Montero, Elena, and Serrano, Elena
- Abstract
Our special issue approaches knowledge as a product of intermingled sensory experiences in ways that confound neat divisions of body/mind, exterior/interior, subject/object, cognition, emotion, and imagination. Rejecting "cognitive ocularcentrism," as well as approaches that focus on any single sense, we articulate an intersensorial framework premised on the entanglement of touch with other senses, particularly sight. Through this, we highlight hidden epistemic multiplicities, intersubjectivities, and literary strategies for the study of gender in the history of science, especially in reference to the gendering of personae and emotions. The putative rise of the visual in modern science was always already intersensorial, no matter how much cognitive ocularcentrism sought to tame this. By attending to seeming distractions within knowledge production, our issue seeks to reintegrate science back into the immersive flow of intersensorial experience and recover the sensuous webs that connect actors, geographies, fields, and time periods habitually separated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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17. Undoing the knots. A gender-historical perspective on debates about kindergarten in German-speaking Switzerland (1950–1980)
- Author
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De Vincenti, Andrea
- Abstract
This article discusses how a gender-historical perspective may still be productive in today’s historiography of education. In doing so, it relies on theoretical approaches developed in feminist and gender-historical debates and in debates about the ontological turn in historiography. Categories are thus understood as “world-giving” and changing entities which cannot just be analysed in their varying historical contexts but must be examined and historicised themselves in order to capture their fuzziness and fluidity. Against this theoretical background and on the basis of professional journals of kindergarten teachers and published speeches of seminar teachers, this article analyses debates about kindergarten in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, focusing on the years 1950–1980. In these debates, it examines what “productive work” (Scott) the categories “child” and “mother” did with regard to social and gender order and how they emerged from various knowledges becoming entangled in specific places and times. The allegedly clear “inside-outside boundaries” and “dichotomies” (Haraway) between the categories are questioned by turning to conflicts, to the unresolved, to the paradoxical. Furthermore, the paper reflects on the tasks assigned to kindergarten and the arguments which were put forward to legitimise it within the category-related “meshwork” (Ingold) of knowledges and power. Finally, it is shown how powerfully the categories “child” and “mother” acted in the debates about kindergarten in German-speaking Switzerland when stabilising and perpetuating a strongly gendered social order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Incriminated writers and their wives: Gendered memory of a national campaign in Mao's China.
- Author
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Wei, S Louisa
- Abstract
The primary source of this study is 76 video interviews concerning a political campaign by the Chinese Communist Party: the Anti-Hu Feng Counter-revolutionary Clique Movement (1955–1956). This campaign and the long incrimination of its central figures—Hu Feng (1902–1985), his wife Mei Zhi (1914–2004), and other associates—have had an impact on Chinese intellectuals for nearly seven decades and generated hundreds of (auto)biographies, memoirs, critical writings, and scholarly studies since the 1980s. Victimized writers managed to publish again, but the stories of their wives remained obscured and marginalized for years. This article presents three research findings: first, the wives provide different but equally essential testimonies as do the writers; second, methods used by feminist historians can benefit oral history collection from all, but from women and the marginalized in particular; and third, gendered memory helps to bridge the gap between those who have and have not personally experienced specific historical events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Sita in Cultural Translation: The Use of the Rāmāyana to Educate on Perfect Womanhood by Annie Besant, Marie Musaeus Higgins, and Leelawathy Ramanathan.
- Author
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Albrecht, Jessica A.
- Subjects
- *
HISTORICAL research , *RELIGIOUS education , *IMPERIALISM - Abstract
It is no longer a novelty in Religious Studies that translations play an integral role in questions of (inter-)cultural contact, comparison, and identity. But the question of what translation means, how it relates to interpretation, and the role of text, language, and practice has not been adequately addressed. In recent years, feminist historical research has published some ground-breaking work addressing this very question. This article uses a cross-disciplinary (literature studies, feminist translation studies and religious studies) approach to examine four different Ramayana versions in late colonial Ceylon and India (1900–1930) written by the Theosophists Annie Besant, Marie Musaeus Higgins and Leelawathy Ramanathan for the purpose of girls' education. The differing portrayals of Sita as the "perfect wife" will be used to highlight the importance of theories of translation for the study of global religious history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Encuentros, intercambios y representaciones. Las relaciones mediáticas entre la emisión de la Radiodifusión Televisión Francesa (RTF) «Españoles en Francia» y la emigración económica española (1962-1973).
- Author
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Blanco Fajardo, Sergio
- Subjects
RADIO broadcasting ,TELEVISION broadcasting ,RADIO (Medium) ,SOCIAL impact ,SOCIAL influence - Abstract
Copyright of Pasado y Memoria. Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Pasado y Memoria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Educating girls : the case of Carlotta de Saxy, a transnational educator and reformer at the intersection between Milan, Lombardy, and the Habsburg Empire, c.1760s-1805
- Author
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Ascoli, Cecilia, Struck, Bernhard, and McGuire, Valerie Elizabeth
- Subjects
History ,Modern history ,Female history ,Gender history ,Social history ,Habsburg Empire ,Italian history ,Milan ,Female education ,Education ,Schooling - Abstract
During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, education, from the hands of religious congregations, single clergymen, as well as private citizens, became codified, unified, and public. Although these developments would occur transnationally across Europe, they can greatly differ due to the numerous regional circumstances. This long process is even more complex when considering the conditions of female education which was often conducted either at home or in religious institutions with little oversight from the government. Carlotta Ercolina De Saxy Visconti (1733-1805) was a Milanese noblewoman appointed by Joseph II as superintendent of female education in Lombardy, a role she would keep after the arrival of the French troops in 1796. De Saxy, through her published books and political position, tried to translate the educational principles created in the imperian metropole into reforms that were feasible both theoretically and pragmatically in northern Italy. De Saxy devised a free, comprehensive project dedicated to women of all social standing encompassing all aspects of education, she also included plans for funding, in addition to finding teachers, textbooks, and functional school buildings. Her work awarded her praise from intellectuals and politicians alike, and, although she never had her own salon, she succeeded in creating a network of enlightened thinkers across Italy and Europe, including Pietro Verri, Giuseppe Gorani, Pietro Metastasio, and Melchiorre Delfico. She encouraged them to publish their own work by connecting them with each other to further support their aspirations. Moreover, her Jansenist sensibilities prompted a correspondence between herself, philosopher Pietro Verri, and Jansenist bishop of Pistoia Scipione De' Ricci, a reformer of religious practises who closely collaborated with Peter Leopold in the Tuscan Grand Dutchy. This works aims, with the tools of micro and translational history, to uncover the long-term historical process of female schooling by analysing a local actor moving between Milanese culture and Habsburg government. The shift in the scope and objective of female education at the turn of the nineteenth century in Lombardy is illustrated by examining the connection between people and institutions from the perspective of the individuals involved in changing them.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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22. He remains an Englishman? : masculine nostalgia and the perception of the German threat in mid-Victorian and Edwardian England
- Author
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Earnshaw, James, Müller, Frank Lorenz, and Easterby-Smith, Sarah
- Subjects
Masculinity ,Nostalgia ,Cultural history ,Gender history ,Anglo-German relations ,Victorian Britain ,Edwardian Britain ,Englishness ,HQ1090.7G7E2 ,Masculinity--England--History ,Nostalgia--England--History ,Men|zEngland--Conduct of life--History ,Great Britain--Foreign relations--Germany - Abstract
This thesis investigates the prevalence, pertinence, and potency of a recurrent gender discourse in mid-nineteenth- and early twentieth-century England: masculine nostalgia. Nostalgic views of the national past abounded in Victorian and Edwardian England. This narrative, espoused by commentators and politicians, claimed that contemporary English men were heirs to a great ancestral legacy, bequeathed to them by their predecessors who embodied a paradigm of masculinity. This story facilitated, and ostensibly legitimated, a sense of entitlement for the English, particularly for white upper-middle-class men. However, it also invited nagging doubts over whether the present generation could live up to their progenitors' idealised masculine character. This thesis examines when and why this nostalgic disposition became intersected by masculine angst, and what impact this trope had on the language of politics. It asks what conditions instigated these insecurities; why these concerns persisted throughout the mid-Victorian and Edwardian period; and how these fears were communicated to the English public. In short, the thesis seeks to uncover a historical continuity amid a period of immense social, political, and cultural change. It argues that the perception of the German threat between 1870 and 1909 resulted, in part, from a projection of latent English masculine insecurities. The reactions to this imagined threat were shaped by a lingering sense of inadequacy vis-à-vis previous generations. Chapters one and two examine how this discourse emerged beyond a German stimulus in the responses to the Indian Uprisings of 1857, and the origins of the Volunteer Movement in 1859. Chapters three to seven consider how the portrayal of, and responses to, German foreign policy reveal that this nostalgic view of the past shaped attitudes towards rivals' policies. The thesis concludes that masculine nostalgia was a powerful discourse that was weaponized by upper-middle-class men to socialise contemporaries into social, political, and gender hierarchies.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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23. Nahua communities in the pulque trade of early colonial Mexico, 1550-1668
- Author
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Bailey, Natasha Kate
- Subjects
Nahua ,pulque ,alcohol ,early colonial Mexico ,Mexico City ,alcoholic drink ,colonial society ,economic history ,Indigenous societies ,Spanish American Society ,Mexican studies ,pulque trade ,colonial administration ,Indigenous peoples -- Mexico ,Sixteenth-century Spanish America ,Seventeenth-century Spanish America ,Central Mexico ,drinking studies ,Nahua communities ,pulque production ,beverages ,drinking culture ,Native peoples ,colonial state ,social history of alcohol ,alcohol commerce ,gender history ,history ,thesis - Abstract
This study examines the participation of Indigenous Nahua communities in producing and selling the traditional alcoholic drink, pulque, in central Mexico between 1550 and 1668. Pulque commerce constituted a major source of revenue for the Spanish colonial government in later centuries, by which time the demand for pulque was met by wealthy landowning Spaniards and creoles. Historians have so far tended to focus on this late colonial period, emphasising either the role of the pulque trade in boosting government finances or urban consumption of pulque in taverns. Existing work has neglected to consider pulque trading activity in the early colonial period as the factor that made this later boom possible. The survival of pulque trading through the Spanish conquest and the expansion and success of pulque commerce, despite initial attempts to ban the drink, were due to the efforts of early colonial Indigenous pulque traders. Yet their contributions have thus far been obscured by the focus on the eighteenth and nineteenth century trade. This thesis offers a new perspective by prioritising the actions of Nahua pulque traders in creating profitable and successful trade networks and negotiating with the colonial state to push for more favourable legislation regarding pulque commerce. By analysing governmental legislation alongside documents that recorded the ground-level experience of pulque traders, the thesis demonstrates that Nahua petitioners actively shaped governmental policy on pulque during this period. By shifting focus from consumption to production and sale, this thesis also reveals the great extent to which participation in the pulque trade sustained the livelihoods of individuals and communities, promoting social cohesion and prompting Nahuas to contest unfair treatment from local authority figures. Ultimately, the study positions Nahua pulque traders as early colonial state-builders, creating space for an ancient Indigenous practice to flourish in a colonial society.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Private life of a Tatar woman of the pre-reform era (on the example of the Menzelinsk Uyezd)
- Author
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Liliya R. Gabdrafikova
- Subjects
tatars ,muslims ,history of everyday life ,gender history ,estates of the volga-ural region ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 ,Folklore ,GR1-950 ,Human ecology. Anthropogeography ,GF1-900 - Abstract
The article restores the social and economic status of Tatar women based on documents of Orenburg Mokhammedan Religious Assembly (OMRS), state audit documents, acts of civil status, and journalistic materials of the 19th-early 20th centuries. The Menzelinsk Uyezd had class specifics and was a part of the military (canton) administration. The chronology of the article starts from the late 18th century and continues until the mid–1860s, due to the fact that at the time the state authorities approved certain laws on marriage and family life of Muslims of the Russian Empire: they changed the age of marriage and legalised inter-class marriages, the OMRS began to regulate marital disputes and inheritance cases. The author places the main focus on the marriage and family aspect of private life and includes many archival examples related to the Tatar women of the Menzelinsk Uyezd. Tatar women turned to OMRS when they needed a divorce or permission to remarry, etc. Women were independent subjects of Muslim and civil law, but they always acted with the support of their relatives. Images of Tatar women in the first half of the 19th century presented in publicistic works are a bit static. Russian authors described only the look of a Tatar woman, the cost of her clothes, accessories, etc. The Tatar view was focused on the composition of the woman’s family (to whom she was married, how many children she had). The article presents the biographies of three Tatar women from the Menzelinsy Uyezd: Kurypla Imanaeva, Gulbadar Akhtyamova, and Khasiba Arduanova. Each case illustrates the main trends in everyday life in the first half of the 19th century (military service problems, the cholera epidemic, etc.). The everyday objects played an important role in interpersonal relations and conflicts. At the same time, in the second half of the 19th century, the Tatar society had an ideal of not only a hard-working and religious woman, but also an educated woman.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Representation of male and female family roles in Soviet magazines of the late 1960-ies – 1970-ies
- Author
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T. S. Gubanova
- Subjects
gender ,gender history ,gender stereotypes ,late soviet society ,family in the ussr ,gender roles in the family ,women and men in the ussr ,periodicals ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Language and Literature - Abstract
The social institution of the family as an environment for the formation and evolution of gender roles is of particular interest for the study of Soviet society. The government controlled the private sphere of public life even in the late USSR. The media were an important social institution that influenced the construction of ideas about gender and reproduced images of desired models of family relations and the gender structure of society. Gender analysis can be used to identify popular stereotypes about masculinity and femininity, as well as gender family roles in the late USSR. In this paper, the author analyzes the materials of Soviet magazines and newspapers published from the late 1960-ies to the 1970-ies: the magazine for parents and teachers «Family and School», the popular science magazine «Health», the advertising magazine «New goods», the children’s magazines «Murzilka» and «Funny Pictures». These publications are aimed at different readership. This allows us to get a more complete picture of the real and desired models of masculinity and femininity in late Soviet society. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn about significant discrepancies between the declared equality of women and men in Soviet society and the real gender structure. The representation of stereotypical models of family relations indicates contradictions in the peculiarities of male and female gender socialization, as well as in the gender differentiation of family and household functions of men and women.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. A Tale of Two Women in Two Countries: Suzanne Chantal and Paola Ojetti’s Professional Careers in the Film Press (1930s-mid 1940s)
- Author
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Myriam Juan and Stella Scabelli
- Subjects
suzanne chantal ,paola ojetti ,film criticism ,gender history ,film journalism ,Visual arts ,N1-9211 ,Literature (General) ,PN1-6790 - Abstract
This essay compares the professional experiences of Suzanne Chantal and Paola Ojetti in 1930s France and in 1930s and early-1940s Italy, respectively. Beyond their very different political, national, and cultural contexts, these women both occupied central positions within some of the most influential film periodicals of the era: Suzanne Chantal for Cinémonde and Paola Ojetti for Film. This study is mainly based on sources which enable us to take a closer look at their activities, their working conditions, and their feelings regarding the treatment they received while working for these periodicals. Sources include Suzanne Chantal’s memoirs and her personal diaries from the late 1930s, kept by her family, and Paola Ojetti’s extensive working correspondence, preserved in the Fondo Mino Doletti of the Biblioteca Renzo Renzi at the Cineteca di Bologna, as well as other correspondence documents preserved in Italian archives. This paper explores the working trajectories and social positioning made by these two largely forgotten but powerfully significant figures in order to establish themselves in a predominantly male professional and cultural environment, while at the same time questioning the limits of their integration. By shedding light on microhistory and questioning gender issues, this article turns its attention primarily to working practices, women’s paths, and social networks of film press and film criticism history.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A "New Kind of Soldiering". The Social Democratic Construction of Military Masculinity in the Austrian Volkswehr (1918-1920).
- Author
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Wind, Viktoria
- Abstract
The years 1918/19 were frequently interpreted as a caesura and disruption in Austria's history. But one can also understand them as a time of societal-political starting points, where the search for new meanings intensified and old senses were re-phrased or newly interpreted. The dissolution of the k.(u.)k. Army and the installation of Soldiers' Councils created a scope of action to question the gendered military hierarchies between men. This article examines the discursive processes of negotiating military gender orders and conceptions of soldierly masculinities in times of societal and cultural transformation from war to peace, from monarchy to republic, and from a hierarchical to an at least imagined democratic society. The Volkswehr, which was established as a makeshift successor of the k.(u.)k. Army and dominated by the Austrian Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei (SDAP), was discursively designed as an antimilitaristic, democratic, and republican army between 1918 and 1920. A gender theoretical analysis of the weekly journal Der Freie Soldat illustrates the position and role of the Volkswehr, the Soldiers' Councils, and the Militärverband in postwar gender discourses. The social democratic discursive construction of military masculinity intertwined a male soldierly ideal with revolutionary, republican, and proletarianly charged meanings along with concepts of protective masculinity. How did this conception impact the understanding of categories of military discourses such as (male) comradeship and discipline? The differentiation of militarized gender orders during the 'Austrian Revolution' illustrates the complexity of negotiating gendered meanings and further complements the gender history of the First Austrian Republic. Also, it is necessary for a deeper understanding of processes of re/militarisation in the interwar period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Women and wealth in Sweden: the case of Uppsala, 1850–1910.
- Author
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Pompermaier, Matteo
- Subjects
ECONOMIC change ,ECONOMIC structure ,SINGLE women ,HOUSING market ,NINETEENTH century - Abstract
In the Swedish context, fairly little is known about the variation in the level and composition of female wealth over the long term. This paper aims to contribute to filling this gap, emphasising the main features of unmarried women's wealth and assessing how it evolved during the second half of the nineteenth century. To this end, the study relies on a sample of about 500 probate inventories drawn up in the city of Uppsala between 1850 and 1910. The second half of the nineteenth century was a period of transformation encompassing several aspects of Swedish society. The change included the economic and financial structure of the country, as well as the legal framework and the labour market. The research proves that unmarried women's wealth increased in the period here analysed, even though dissimilarly between spinsters and widows. Their wealth changed also from a qualitative point of view, as shown by the increasing presence of specific assets such as real estate and stocks recorded in their inventories. Among the several factors that can be retraced at the origins of this phenomenon, the development of a more equal legal framework and the evolution of the housing market seemed to have played a major role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Women, gender, and siege during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, 1639-1652
- Author
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O'Driscoll, Alice and Jackson, Clare
- Subjects
Siege Warfare ,Gender History ,History of Violence ,Wars of the Three Kingdoms - Abstract
This dissertation provides a gender history of the sieges conducted during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms: the constellation of conflicts that took place in Britain and Ireland between 1639 and 1652. Sieges created 'distinct spaces of intensified and prolonged relationships to violence' as opposed to field battles or massacres. This dissertation applies the lens of gender to siege warfare in order to uncover aspects of these relationships to violence which would otherwise remain obscure. This dissertation explores various aspects of life for besieged women: the military strategy and operations that they devised or carried out; the economic (im)practicalities of governing a garrisoned household and the vulnerability associated with hosting quartered soldiers; the negotiation of tense diplomatic relations with besieging forces; and the exposure to sexualised forms of violence. I also evaluate the representation of besieged women in seventeenth-century texts and subsequent histories, to gain an understanding of how women's roles were perceived by contemporaries and became distorted in local and national memory. Acknowledging the relational status of gender, one chapter considers masculinities within besieged and besieging armies. The final chapter examines the gendering of besieged spaces themselves, asking why and how towns, cities, and estates under siege in literature inspired by the Wars of the Three Kingdoms were coded as feminine. This research therefore examines the particular relationship that siege warfare had both to women and to the feminine in seventeenth-century Britain and Ireland. My research has been designed to examine how and where this relationship registered, illustrating that there was not only one interface of gender and siege, but many. In doing so, it draws on evidence from an eclectic collection of source material including diaries, correspondence, newsbooks, domestic account books, garrison accounts, art, literature, depositions, and petitions.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. 'Health is the first consideration for effective study' : physical training, health education and girlhood at schools and colleges in Britain, 1870-1910s
- Author
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Lewis-Holmes, B., Toulalan, S., and Hynd, S.
- Subjects
educational history ,health ,girlhood ,schools ,gender history ,physical education ,health education - Abstract
This thesis is the first to provide an in-depth exploration of how health practices at school contributed to changing ideas of girls and girlhood between approximately 1870 and 1914. It analyses how a small group of academically ambitious schools for middle-class girls introduced physical training, health and hygiene education and medical inspections as well as the ways schools were part of debates about healthy dress and hygienic furniture. There are two main arguments to this thesis. Firstly that health practices played a major role in how schools and colleges became centres of new constructions of girlhood. Secondly, this thesis argues that ideas drawn from the wider hygiene reform movement influenced schools, particularly ideas about the material environment of the school. These schools became centres of expertise about girls' health through the efforts and writings of schoolmistresses, medical superintendents and gymnastic teachers. It focuses upon a small group of six schools and colleges, primarily in England (one in Scotland): the North London Collegiate School, Manchester High School for Girls, St Leonards, Wycombe Abbey, Roedean and the Bergman Österberg Physical Training College. The thesis expands on Hilary Marland's 2013 study of health and girlhood, where she argues that healthy motherhood was not the only purposes of health practices at school. The thesis provides further evidence for this claim by arguing that a 'reformist atmosphere' existed at schools, which enlarged girls' potential to have careers or go to university. Through analysis of medical and educational texts, archival material, and sources from girls themselves (including unexplored material from the Bergman Österberg Collection), the thesis demonstrates shifting and relational concepts of agency between schools, schoolmistresses and girls, to show how these schools were not static but self-reflexive. The thesis unites a disparate range of historical fields including the histories of education, sport and medicine, and the histories of girlhood, family and gender.
- Published
- 2021
31. Sufrágio feminino e feminismo na imprensa brasileira da Parahyba, 1913-1933: rebeldia ou conformação?
- Author
-
Charliton José dos Santos Machado, Cristina Maria Coimbra Vieira, Maria Lúcia da Silva Nunes, and Lia Machado Fiuza Fialho
- Subjects
Brazil ,gender history ,women’s suffrage ,feminism ,patriarchal society ,history of education ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
This article examines women's demands for political and educational rights in the socio-historical context of women’s exclusion from public life in the years 1913 to 1933. Our goal is to understand how the debate on women’s suffrage and feminism was conducted in the northern Brazilian press of Parahyba in the early twentieth century. The article draws on a study of the newspaper A União, in which fifteen issues from 1913, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1931, and 1933, were found that addressed the issue. The analysis reveals that the debate on feminist ideas was not unanimous, as there were sometimes contradictions between the claims for more schooling, financial independence and political rights and the fear of violating the prevailing norms and ideologies by going beyond the sphere of private life dedicated to the family.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Turnier und Geschlecht. Studien zu Kampfspielen im Römisch-Deutschen Reich im 15. Jahrhundert
- Author
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Constanze Buyken
- Subjects
tournament ,Middle Ages ,gender history ,Holy Romain Empire ,joust ,chivalry ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Mia Skott, Tapetmakerskor. Självständiga yrkeskvinnor i 1700-talets Stockholm (Stockholm: Stockholmia förlag, 2022). 159 s.
- Author
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Paul Borenberg
- Subjects
gender history ,eighteenth-century ,Stockholm ,Modern history, 1453- ,D204-475 - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Assessing Patient Goals for Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: A Standardized Patient Case for Medical Students
- Author
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Sabina T. Spigner, Nicole V. Rivera, Eloho Ufomata, Elyse G. Mark, Victoria Grieve, Morgan Faeder, Valerie L. Fulmer, Reed Van Deusen, Catherine Gowl, Dena Hofkosh, and Kristen L. Eckstrand
- Subjects
Gender-Affirming Care ,Gender Diverse ,Gender History ,Transgender ,Clinical/Procedural Skills Training ,Competency-Based Medical Education (Competencies, Milestones, EPAs) ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Education - Abstract
Introduction Inadequate coverage of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) health in the UME curriculum contributes to the scarcity of competent physicians to care for TGD patients. Increasing TGD health skills–based curricula in UME can help address TGD health disparities. We developed a standardized patient (SP) case to assess TGD health skills–based competencies and attitudes among medical students. Methods An interdisciplinary team, including individuals with lived TGD experience, developed the SP case that was completed by second-year medical students at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in January 2020. After the TGD SP session, students and faculty completed a postsession survey to assess the degree to which the case met the learning objectives. Students were assessed via self-reports, faculty reports, and SP video evaluations. Results Seventy second-year medical students, 30 faculty facilitators, and eight SPs participated in 2020. Students reported being significantly more prepared to care for TGD patients (Z = −5.68, p < .001) and to obtain a gender history (Z = −5.82, p < .001). Both faculty and students felt that skills for caring for TGD patients were important in medical education and agreed the case should remain in the curriculum. Discussion The case effectively honed and assessed students’ ability to collect a gender history and discuss goals for hormone therapy with TGD patients. It should complement ongoing curricula to effectively train medical students in TGD health care. Developing these skills in students directly addresses the barriers that many TGD patients experience in health care settings.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Confronting silences in the archive: developing sporting collections with oral histories.
- Author
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Taylor, Lisa
- Subjects
ORAL history ,HISTORY of sports ,SPORTS participation ,ARCHIVES ,SPORTS ,COLLECTIONS - Abstract
Neither archives nor museums are neutral. They reflect particular sets of priorities: those of the institution; the collectors and curators within them; and those of their intended audiences. In the context of sport, gender is a key influence on these priorities. Yet sporting archives are relatively silent about women's historical involvement in sport. A number of Collaborative Doctoral Partnership projects delivered through Sporting Heritage use oral history as a methodology for academic research and as an intervention in the archive, expanding collections and giving voice to otherwise under-represented groups. In this paper, I focus on issues relating to oral history in heritage settings and in the academic practice of history: the history of the methodology itself and its implications for a shared research agenda, including the extent to which oral history can – and should – be used as a method of historical recovery. In sport heritage and sport history. where men and the masculine have dominated the academic discipline and the practice of collecting, I consider the gendering of oral history, and its implications for such collections. Lastly, I reflect on the critical opportunities offered by this methodological approach, as well as the challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Scottish Women's and Gender History and Women Historians in Scotland: Past, Present and Future Directions.
- Author
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Barclay, Katie and Mason, Rebecca
- Subjects
- *
WOMEN historians , *WOMEN'S history , *SCOTS , *POWER (Social sciences) , *GENDER inequality , *REFERENDUM ,SCOTTISH history - Abstract
The Royal Historical Society's Gender Equality report in 2018, as well as a number of smaller surveys, suggests that while women now make up a significant proportion of those studying advanced degrees in history, they remain under-represented both in academic institutions (especially at higher levels) and in journals and similar high-esteem publications. Women's and gender history has been one subfield where this is not the case; if both men and women have written on this topic, women have largely dominated the field and women's and gender history remains a significant site where women's authoritative knowledge has been prized and their leadership recognised. This special issue celebrates Scottish women's and gender history as a domain of history where questions of power and authority, inclusion and exclusion, work, labour and knowledge production have already been considered through a gendered lens. Our authors bring case studies from a diverse range of time periods and historical contexts, but they share a commitment to central questions of how women—throughout history and as historians—have produced space for their authoritative knowledges and practices, how these might be nurtured or constrained, and the ongoing implications for gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Regendering Childbirth: Catholicism, Medical Activism, and Birth Preparation in Post-War Poland.
- Author
-
Ignaciuk, Agata and Kościańska, Agnieszka
- Subjects
- *
FATHERHOOD , *CHILDBIRTH , *MASCULINITY , *ACTIVISM , *ARCHIVAL materials , *VISUAL aids , *GENDER role , *FEMININITY - Abstract
This article examines the work of the gynecologist Włodzimierz Fijałkowski, the key promoter of preparation for childbirth in Communist and early democratic Poland. From the late 1950s until the 1990s, Fijałkowski developed a childbirth preparation training protocol that served as an inspiration for childbirth preparation schools across the country. Through analysis of Fijałkowski's publications in medical journals, books aimed at both professional and lay readers, visual aids for childbirth training, and archival material, we demonstrate that a specific vision of gender roles and relationships lay at the core of Fijałkowski's psychoprophylactic project. This vision represented a re-definition and re-essentialization of femininity and masculinity, and motherhood and fatherhood, while simultaneously advocating for radical change in the relationship between women in labor and obstetric professionals. Fijałkowski's ideas and advocacy were intimately connected with a humanization of the embryo and fetus from the earliest stages of pregnancy, and we show how his work became an important transmission medium for the gradual mainstreaming of anti-abortion ideas within public discourse in late-Communist Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Mujeres en la configuración del campo historiográfico argentino (1900-1960).
- Author
-
Sansón Corbo, Tomás
- Subjects
- *
HISTORIOGRAPHY , *HISTORICAL literacy , *WOMEN historians , *TWENTIETH century , *NINETEENTH century , *GENDER studies - Abstract
Introduction: The configuration of the Argentinian historiographical field was articulated during the first six decades of the 20th century During this period a series of heuristic and epistemic consensuses crystallised that transformed paradigms and contributed to the consolidation of disciplinary autonomy. The role of women historians in this process has been little studied. Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the participation of women in historiographical practice in Argentina in order to learn about their contributions to the articulation of the disciplinary field. Method: This paper is an article of reflection that does not derive from a specific research on the subject, but is nourished by information and questions arising from previous research related to the evolution and consolidation of historical knowledge in the Río de la Plata during the 19th and 20th centuries. The methodology is qualitative, of an interpretative nature, and is based on the perspective of the History of Historiography. The theoretical precepts are nourished by several contributions from gender studies. Results: Information is presented on the itinerary of several women dedicated to the investigation of the preterit (some little studied and others almost unknown), the difficulties they had in gaining access to jobs and the strategies they had to implement in order to do so. Conclusions: By way of conclusion, the most relevant contributions made by women in the process of shaping the Argentine historiographical field and in the emergence of the New History of the 1960s are explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. THE WORLD WITHOUT WOMEN: GENDER ISSUES IN THE GESTA REGUM SCLAVORUM.
- Author
-
KUNČER, Dragana
- Abstract
Copyright of Istorijski Zapisi is the property of Historical Institute of Montenegro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The Fate of Harbin Repatriate in the Mirror of Anthropology: Liudmila Abramova (1914-2002)
- Author
-
Mariia V. Krotova and Dmitrii I. Petin
- Subjects
gender history ,russian emigration ,repatriation ,practical genealogy ,manzhou-go ,china eastern railroad ,harbin ,soviet theater ,History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics ,DK1-4735 - Abstract
The research is devoted to repatriate Lyudmila Maksimilianovna Abramova (1914-2002) who was born in Harbin, lived in China for 40 years and moved to the USSR during the mass repatriation of the Russian population of Manchuria in the 1950s. Through the fate of Liudmila Abramova the authors attempt to reflect the peculiarities of the life of the emigrants in Northern Manchuria in the interwar period. They include the involvement of young people in fascist organizations, work in the Manchukuo authorities, survival strategies, repatriation motives, adaptation practices of repatriates, gender aspects - such as the role of a politician's wife, the participation of women in public organizations. The appeal to the personalized history is due to the fact that in the history of Russian emigration in Manchuria there are many mythologemes that distort the idea of the life and activities of emigrants. In addition, the authors had to face the problem of reconstructing the biography of a “little” person in the absence of ego documents (memoirs, letters, diaries); therefore, the research task was the use of the anthropological approach, microand macroanalysis, historical-biographical and historical-comparative methods. The article is based on unpublished archival documents involving memoirs and diaries of former Harbin residents and oral history materials.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. «Kept to distribute 44 copies of proclamations...»: about the biography of Omsk revolutionary Nadezhda Terekhova (Belonogova)
- Author
-
M. M. Stelmak
- Subjects
historical anthropology ,gender history ,rsdlp ,revolutionary movement ,social-democrats ,first russian revolution ,teaching ,merchants ,omsk ,History (General) and history of Europe ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 ,Newspapers ,AN - Abstract
This publication reconstructs the biography of N. M. Terekhova (Belonogova) political figure of Omsk social-democratic, a teacher, an active participant in the socio-political movement in Western Siberia. Despite the very significant contribution to the activities of the RSDLP, the biography of this revolutionary is not reflected in historiography, her name was not included in the official Soviet historiography, although many associates, and sometimes opponents in their memoirs mentioned it, even after several decades. In the official press about it, they wrote quite rarely. The basis for the publication is a set of published and unpublished memories, memoirs and materials of the paperwork of the gendarmerie identified in the funds of the historical archive of the Omsk region. According to the results of a study built on a combination of an anthropological approach and the biographical method, the author emphasizes the particular relevance and importance of genealogical practices in the study of regional socio-political history.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Words at Work, Words on the Move: Textual Production of Migrant Women from Early Modern Prague Between Discourses and Practices (1570–1620)
- Author
-
Čapská, Veronika, Deng, Kent, Series Editor, and Zucca Micheletto, Beatrice, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The presence of women in the teaching of history in Italy. Analysis of secondary school history textbooks
- Author
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Mariangela Scopelliti and Sebastián Molina Puche
- Subjects
textbook analysis ,gender history ,historical otherness ,women in history ,teaching history ,Theory and practice of education ,LB5-3640 ,History (General) and history of Europe - Abstract
Textbooks, the pillars of the school curriculum, trace the study of student classes and represent their educational incipit. In this regard, a question arises: "does the history studied at school take gender relations into account?". Starting from the analysis of a selection of recent history textbooks for high schools, the study attempts to assess, through the analysis of textual and iconographic citations, whether the female figure is present in the new generation of textbooks. Therefore, it is crucial to detect to what extent and in what capacity this figure contributes to the narrative of history studied at school.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. 'A most peculiar form of disease' : the creation of anorexia nervosa in late nineteenth-century Britain
- Author
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Sookdeosingh, Rhea Veronica and Mahone, Sloan
- Subjects
616.85 ,Gender History ,Cultural History ,Historiography ,History of Medicine ,Diseases and history ,Social history ,History ,British History - Abstract
Anorexia nervosa appeared as a newly named disorder in the 1870s in Britain, leading historians and other scholars to pinpoint this as the origin point of a medicalised understanding of female food refusal. An abiding interest in locating the historical roots of this contemporary disorder has led scholars to emphasise the ways in which anorexia nervosa is therefore an historical and not merely a 'modern' disorder. It has also resulted in a body of scholarship that emphasises continuity over discontinuity in anorexia nervosa's medicalised history. This has meant that scholars have neglected to ask why after its introduction into the medical lexicon, anorexia nervosa failed to become established as a credible, universally recognised and endorsed, and utile diagnostic category. This thesis is therefore concerned with two intertwined curiosities about anorexia nervosa's appearance in this period. It on the one hand explores the conditions within the medical profession that facilitated anorexia nervosa's identification and influenced the form in which it was articulated. It then pivots away from its emergence to show that this new disorder failed to make inroads into either the medical community or into late Victorian society and culture more broadly. The thesis argues that following its identification, anorexia nervosa failed to achieve supremacy within the medical profession and further failed to either reflect or influence women's social reality or align neatly with the anxieties encoded within cultural discourses about young women's health. As a result, and complicating the notion of a binary between continuity or discontinuity, it concludes that although the creation of anorexia nervosa as a new and distinct clinical syndrome in the late nineteenth century does indeed represent the origin point of a medicalised understanding of female food refusal, anorexia nervosa's early history can be most aptly characterised as a 'false start' for what would become, much later, an enduring, troubling and highly visible psychiatric disorder.
- Published
- 2019
45. Imperial, international, and local responses to early and forced marriage in British Colonial Africa, c.1920-1962
- Author
-
Keyse, R., Hynd, S., and Fisher, K.
- Subjects
Forced marriage ,Early marriage ,Gender history ,African history - Abstract
This thesis examines imperial and international discourses relating to women's and girls' rights in British colonial Africa, focusing on forced and early marriages, c.1920-62. These remain important areas of international, national and local concern, particularly for Africa. However, current concerns often understand the issue as one relating to ahistorical notions of 'tradition' or 'culture', and rigidly define child and forced marriages. The inattention to the historical and local specificities of these practices ignores their imperial roots. To shed light on this longer historical trajectory, the thesis explores contentious debates within and between the British Colonial Office, mission societies, British and transnational women's organizations, the 'international community' represented by the League of Nations and the UN, and African communities. It examines questions of polygamy, forced and child marriages, and bridewealth, to elucidate how debates on African marriage were influenced by shifting ideas of colonial governance in this period. The thesis aims to show how the growth of the international community - and associated ideas of anti-colonialism, development, and universal rights, particularly women's and child rights - shaped these debates. Existing studies of African marriage focus on local microstudies: this thesis is the first to place these questions within the broader imperial and international frame and examine them across British colonial Africa as a whole. This represents an important original contribution to the scholarship and provides essential context for current debates.
- Published
- 2019
46. 清代性别史研究何处去.
- Author
-
毛立平
- Abstract
Copyright of Qing History Journal is the property of Renmin University of China, Institute of Qing History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
47. СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНАЯ ИСТОРИОГРАФИЯ ДУХОВНО-РЫЦАРСКИХ ОРДЕНОВ И ИХ УЧАСТИЯ В КРЕСТОВЫХ ПОХОДАХ
- Author
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Байдаулетова, М. А. and Жумагулов, К. Т.
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of History / Habaršy Tarihi Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Лора Каравелова – Иван Дренков или историята на един нещастен брак.
- Author
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Златкова, Юлия
- Abstract
The paper discusses the first marriage and divorce of Laura Karavelova and her complicated relationship with Peter Neykov, Ivan Drenkov, and her mother Ekaterina. Laura was one of the most cultured, enigmatic, and emancipated Bulgarian women at the beginning of the 20th century but she was also a tragic figure. Her tragic destiny was influenced by literature and the whole artistic world of the time – theatre, music, and visual arts. The study presents Laura Karavelova as a personalistic feminist, whose struggle for personal freedom confronted her with traditionalist Ekaterina Karavelova. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
49. Love and Marriage: Emotion and Sexuality in the Early Medici Family
- Author
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Burch, Karen
- Subjects
Angelo Poliziano ,Clarice Orsini ,Lorenzo de’ Medici ,family ,Renaissance Florence ,queer history ,emotions history ,gender history ,homoeroticism ,poetry - Abstract
This paper explores the roles of sexuality and gender in conflicts within fifteenth-century Florentine families by analyzing the dispute between Clarice Orsini (the wife of Lorenzo de’ Medici) and Angelo Poliziano in 1479. Historians have generally framed this incident as the inevitable result of irreconcilable differences between a stubborn humanist tutor and a devoutly Catholic mother, but this neglects the unspoken assumptions that Clarice, Poliziano, and their contemporaries would have had about the erotic politics of the situation. This brief episode of Medicean history provides a fascinating case study for the ways in which homosocial relationships could disrupt family life. By analyzing letters and poetry, this paper utilizes the methodologies of emotions history and queer history to problematize current understandings of Renaissance Florentine families and reframe a well-known narrative in Laurentian history.Questo articolo esplora il ruolo che la sessualità e il genere potevano svolgere nei conflitti famigliari della Firenze del Quattrocento prendendo in esame la disputa scoppiata fra Clarice Orsini (moglie di Lorenzo de’ Medici) e Angelo Poliziano nel 1479. Gli storici hanno solitamente interpretato questo incidente come l’inevitabile risultato di inconciliabili differenze fra un testardo precettore umanista e una devota madre cattolica, ma questa prospettiva trascura le inespresse implicazioni erotiche che la situazione comportava per Clarice, Poliziano e i loro contemporanei. Questo breve episodio della storia Medicea costituisce un esempio affascinante dei modi in cui le relazioni omosociali potevano mettere in crisi la vita familiare. Analizzando lettere e poesie, questo articolo utilizza le metodologie della storia delle emozioni e della storia queer per problematizzare la rappresentazione della famiglia del Quattrocento e rivisitare un importante aspetto della predominante narrativa Laurenziana.
- Published
- 2019
50. Hildegard of Bingen and Creation as Food.
- Author
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Campanini, Antonella
- Abstract
Copyright of Food & History is the property of Brepols Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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