90 results on '"Genovart M"'
Search Results
2. Immature survival, fertility, and density dependence drive global population dynamics in a long-lived species
- Author
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Genovart, M., Oro, D., and Tenan, S.
- Published
- 2018
3. Parental Body Condition Does Not Correlate with Offspring Sex Ratio in Cory's Shearwaters
- Author
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Genovart, M., Oro, D., Forero, M. G., Igual, J. M., González-Solís, J., and Ruiz, X.
- Published
- 2005
4. Decrease in social cohesion in a colonial seabird under a perturbation regime
- Author
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Genovart, M., Gimenez, O., Bertolero, A., Choquet, R., Oro, D., and Pradel, R.
- Published
- 2020
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5. Factors affecting survival and dispersal of the comma butterfly in a high mountain deciduous forest habitat
- Author
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Oro, D., primary, Stefanescu, C., additional, Alba, M, additional, Capitán, J., additional, Ubach, A., additional, and Genovart, M., additional
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
6. Interspecific synchrony on breeding performance and the role of anthropogenic food subsidies
- Author
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Payo-Payo, A, Igual, J.M., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Real, Enric, Genovart, M., Tavecchia, G., Payo-Payo, A, Igual, J.M., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Real, Enric, Genovart, M., and Tavecchia, G.
- Abstract
Synchrony can have important consequences for long-term metapopulations persistence, community dynamics and ecosystems functioning. While the causes and consequences of intra-specific synchrony on population size and demographic rates have received considerable attention only a few factors that may affect inter-specific synchrony have been described. We formulate the hypothesis that food subsidies can buffer the influence of environmental stochasticity on community dynamics, disrupting and masking originally synchronized systems. To illustrate this hypothesis, we assessed the consequences of European policies implementation affecting subsidy availability on the temporal synchrony of egg volume as a proxy of breeding investment in two sympatric marine top predators with differential subsidy use. We show how 7-year synchrony appears on egg volume fluctuations after subsidy cessation suggesting that food subsidies could disrupt interspecific synchrony. Moreover, cross correlation increased after subsidy cessation and environmental buffering seems to act during synchronization period. We emphasize that subsidies dynamics and waste management provide novel insights on the emergence of synchrony in natural populations.
- Published
- 2022
7. Exploiting the closest productive area : geographical segregation of foraging grounds in a critically endangered seabird
- Author
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Louzao, M., Navarro, J., Forero, M. G., Igual, J. M., Genovart, M., Hobson, K. A., and Oro, D.
- Published
- 2011
8. The role of calcium in constraining egg synthesis in the Audouin's Gull (Ichthyaetus audouinii)
- Author
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Ramirez, F., Garcia-Tarrason, M., Rami, L., Genovart, M., Jover, L., and Sanpera, C.
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Calcium, Dietary -- Physiological aspects ,Gulls -- Physiological aspects ,Egg (Biology) -- Physiological aspects ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Understanding how resources are allocated to form eggs is crucial to our better understanding of avian reproductive strategies. However, little is currently known about how egg synthesis in wild birds might be constrained by the availability of specific micronutrients. Here, we investigated the potential role of calcium (Ca) in constraining egg synthesis in the Audouin's Gull (Ichthyaetus audouinii (Payraudeau, 1826)). In particular, we evaluated the relationship between plasma Ca levels (mg/dL) in incubating females (as an indicator of the physiological response of females to increased Ca demand associated with clutch production) and several fitness-related egg traits such as egg size (i.e., egg volume), egg shape, and eggshell thickness from three-egg clutches. Egg size was positively related with incubating female plasma Ca levels, with the slope of this relationship being significantly higher for later-laid eggs. The observational nature of this study and reversed timing precludes causal inferences, but observed relationships supported the constraining role of Ca in egg synthesis and suggested that Ca may also have a role in modulating the intraclutch pattern of egg-size variation typical of this gull species. Key words: Audouin's Gull, avian reproduction, calcium, egg production, egg size, eggshell, Ichthyaetus audouinii. La comprehension de l'affectation de ressources sont allouees pour former des ceufs est essentielle a une meilleure comprehension des strategies de reproduction des oiseaux. Pourtant, l'incidence de la disponibilite de micronutriments sur la synthese des ceufs chez les oiseaux sauvages demeure meconnue. Nous avons examine le role possible du calcium (Ca) dans la synthese des ceufs chez le goeland d'Audouin (Ichthyaetus audouinii (Payraudeau, 1826)). Nous avons plus particulierement evalue le lien entre les concentrations plasmiques en Ca (mg/dL) de femelles couveuses (en tant qu'indicateur de la reponse physiologique de ces femelles a la demande accrue en Ca associee a la production de la couvee) et plusieurs caracteres des ceufs associes a l'aptitude tels que leur taille (c.-a-d. le volume des ceufs), leur forme et l'epaisseur de leur coquille, pour trois couvees. La taille des cufs presentait une correlation positive avec les concentrations en Ca du plasma des femelles couveuses, la pente de cette relation etant significativement plus grande pour les ceufs pondus plus tardivement. Etant donne le caractere empirique de l'etude et sa chronologie inversee, l'etablissement de liens causaux n'est pas possible, mais les relations observees appuient l'hypothese selon laquelle le Ca controle en partie la synthese des ceufs et semblent indiquer qu'il pourrait egalement jouer un role dans la modulation de la variation de la taille des ceufs d'une meme couvee, un aspect typique de cette espece de goeland. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: goeland d'Audouin, reproduction des oiseaux, calcium, production d'ceufs, taille des ceufs, coquille d'ceuf, Ichthyaetus audouinii., Introduction Avian females influence offspring quality through genetic contribution, but also through allocation of resources to their eggs, including antibodies (Hammouda et al. 2012), hormones (Rubolini et al. 2006), or [...]
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- 2013
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9. Parental condition, brood sex ratio and differential young survival: an experimental study in gulls (Larus fuscus)
- Author
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Nager, R. G., Monaghan, P., Houston, D. C., and Genovart, M.
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- 2000
- Full Text
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10. Changes in social cohesion in a long-lived species under a perturbation regime
- Author
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Genovart, M., primary, Gimenez, O., additional, Bertolero, A., additional, Choquet, R., additional, Oro, D., additional, and Pradel, R., additional
- Published
- 2019
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11. Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds
- Author
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Keogan, K., Daunt, F., Wanless, S., Phillips, R.A., Walling, C.A., Agnew, P., Ainley, D.G., Anker-Nilssen, T., Ballard, G., Barrett, R.T., Barton, K.J., Bech, C., Becker, P.H., Berglund, P.-A., Bollache, L., Bond, A.L., Bouwhuis, S., Bradley, R.W., Burr, Z.M., Camphuysen, C.J., Catry, P., Chiaradia, A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Cuthbert, R., Dehnhard, N., Déscamps, S., Diamond, T., Divoky, G., Drummond, H., Dugger, K.M., Dunn, M.J., Emmerson, L., Erikstad, K.E., Fort, J., Fraser, W.R., Genovart, M., Gilg, O., González-Solis, J., Granadeiro, J.P., Gremillet, D., Hansen, J., Hanssen, S.A., Harris, M., Hedd, A., Hinke, J., Igual, J.M., Jahncke, J., Jones, I., Kappes, P.J., Lang, J., Langset, M., Lescroël, A., Lorentsen, S.-H., Lyver, P.O., Mallory, M., Moe, B., Montevecchi, W.A., Monticelli, D., Mostello, C., Newell, M., Nicholson, L., Nisbet, I., Olsson, O., Oro, D., Pattison, V., Poisbleau, M., Pyk, T., Quintana, F., Ramos, J.A., Ramos, R., Reiertsen, T.K., Rodríguez, C., Ryan, P., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Schmidt, N.M., Shannon, P., Sittler, B., Southwell, C., Surman, C., Svagelj, W.S., Trivelpiece, W.Z., Warzybok, P., Watanuki, Y., Weimerskirch, H., Wilson, P.R., Wood, A.G., Phillimore, A.B., Lewis, S., Keogan, K., Daunt, F., Wanless, S., Phillips, R.A., Walling, C.A., Agnew, P., Ainley, D.G., Anker-Nilssen, T., Ballard, G., Barrett, R.T., Barton, K.J., Bech, C., Becker, P.H., Berglund, P.-A., Bollache, L., Bond, A.L., Bouwhuis, S., Bradley, R.W., Burr, Z.M., Camphuysen, C.J., Catry, P., Chiaradia, A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Cuthbert, R., Dehnhard, N., Déscamps, S., Diamond, T., Divoky, G., Drummond, H., Dugger, K.M., Dunn, M.J., Emmerson, L., Erikstad, K.E., Fort, J., Fraser, W.R., Genovart, M., Gilg, O., González-Solis, J., Granadeiro, J.P., Gremillet, D., Hansen, J., Hanssen, S.A., Harris, M., Hedd, A., Hinke, J., Igual, J.M., Jahncke, J., Jones, I., Kappes, P.J., Lang, J., Langset, M., Lescroël, A., Lorentsen, S.-H., Lyver, P.O., Mallory, M., Moe, B., Montevecchi, W.A., Monticelli, D., Mostello, C., Newell, M., Nicholson, L., Nisbet, I., Olsson, O., Oro, D., Pattison, V., Poisbleau, M., Pyk, T., Quintana, F., Ramos, J.A., Ramos, R., Reiertsen, T.K., Rodríguez, C., Ryan, P., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Schmidt, N.M., Shannon, P., Sittler, B., Southwell, C., Surman, C., Svagelj, W.S., Trivelpiece, W.Z., Warzybok, P., Watanuki, Y., Weimerskirch, H., Wilson, P.R., Wood, A.G., Phillimore, A.B., and Lewis, S.
- Abstract
Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity, and is often sensitive to climatic conditions. Current climate change may alter the timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators and their prey. This is of particular concern for higher-trophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers. However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general changes in the timing of reproduction. Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that, on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (−0.020 days yr−1) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (−0.272 days °C−1) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies) may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower-trophic-level resources.
- Published
- 2018
12. Predator arrival elicits differential dispersal, change in age structure and reproductive performance in a prey population
- Author
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Payo-Payo, A., primary, Sanz-Aguilar, A., additional, Genovart, M., additional, Bertolero, A., additional, Piccardo, J., additional, Camps, D., additional, Ruiz-Olmo, J., additional, and Oro, D., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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13. Evaluating mortality rates using a novel integrated framework for non-monogamous species
- Author
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Tenan, S., Lemma, A., Bragalanti, N., Pedrini, P., de Barba, M., Randi, Ettore, Groff, C., and Genovart, M.
- Published
- 2016
14. Colonisation in social species: the importance of breeding experience for dispersal in overcoming information barriers
- Author
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Payo-Payo, A., primary, Genovart, M., additional, Sanz-Aguilar, A., additional, Greño, J. L., additional, García-Tarrasón, M., additional, Bertolero, A., additional, Piccardo, J., additional, and Oro, D., additional
- Published
- 2017
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15. Caracterización espacio-temporal de las precipitaciones intensas en la vertiente litoral oriental de la Isla de Mallorca (1930-2010)
- Author
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Grimalt Gelabert, Miquel and Genovart, M. Consolació
- Subjects
Inundaciones ,Precipitation ,Floods ,Precipitación - Abstract
Ponencia presentada en: IX Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Almería entre el 28 y el 30 de octubre de 2014. [ES]La vertiente litoral del SE de la isla de Mallorca se ha visto afectada repetidamente a lo largo del siglo XX y primera década del siglo XXI por procesos de inundación provocados por episodios de aguaceros importantes ligados, mayoritariamente, a advecciones del Este y a bajas centradas en la cuenca del Mediterráneo Occidental. Se han identificado los episodios de inundaciones y lluvias intensas en este ámbito geográfico, analizándose las pautas de distribución temporal y espacial de la precipitación, así como la circulación atmosférica predominante. Se comparan los resultados con los obtenidos en el análisis de características similares aplicados a otros ámbitos territoriales de les Islas Baleares. [EN]The SE coastal area of the island of Mallorca has been repeatedly affected by flooding processes during the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. Those processes have been caused by remarkable rainfalls mainly linked to eastern advections and centred depressions in the Western Mediterranean Basin. Flooding episodes and heavy rains have been identified in this geographical area, as well as the patterns of temporal / spatial distribution of rainfall and the main atmospheric circulation have been analyzed. The results obtained have been compared to similar analysis carried out in the Balearic Islands. Trabajo financiado por el proyecto CGL2011-29263-C02-02, Estructura diaria y 10-minutal de la precipitación y su caracterización sinóptica objetiva en el mar Balear (Baleares), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Gobierno de España.
- Published
- 2014
16. Contenidos de carácter climático en las ciencias sociales a partir de los currículos de la enseñanza secundaria obligatoria, aplicación al caso balear
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Genovart, M. Consolació and Grimalt Gelabert, Miquel
- Subjects
Climatology ,Climatología ,Educational legislation ,Didactics ,Didáctica ,Normativa educativa - Abstract
Ponencia presentada en: IX Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Almería entre el 28 y el 30 de octubre de 2014. [ES]Se realiza un análisis de los contenidos de carácter climático en la educación secundaria obligatoria centrado en el ámbito territorial de las Islas Baleares. Se describen los contenidos que establece el marco legal vigente, así como su concreción reflejada en los principales libros de texto al uso. Se efectúa una revisión de los mismos a nivel de enfoque temático, recursos didácticos, elementos gráficos de apoyo y actividades propuestas. [EN]An analysis of the climatical contents in secondary education focused in the Balearic Islands is carried out. The contents established in the current legislation are described as well as its reflection on the real textbooks. Moreover, textbooks are revised regarding their thematic approach, educational resources, supporting graphics and proposed activities.
- Published
- 2014
17. Consecutive cohort effects driven by density-dependence and climate influence early-life survival in a long-lived bird
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Payo-Payo, A., primary, Genovart, M., additional, Bertolero, A., additional, Pradel, R., additional, and Oro, D., additional
- Published
- 2016
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18. Research priorities for seabirds: improving conservation and management in the 21st century
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Lewison, R., Oro, D., Godley, B. J., Underhill, L., Bearhop, S., Wilson, R. P., Ainley, D., Arcos, J. M., Boersma, P. D., Borboroglu, P. G., Boulinier, T., Morten Frederiksen, Genovart, M., Gonzalez-Solis, J., Green, J. A., Gremillet, D., Hamer, K. C., Hilton, G. M., Hyrenbach, K. D., Martinez-Abrain, A., Montevecchi, W. A., Phillips, R. A., Ryan, P. G., Sagar, P., Sydeman, W. J., Wanless, S., Watanuki, Y., Weimerskirch, H., Yorio, P., and Universitat de Barcelona
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Ecology (disciplines) ,RESEARCH PRIORITIES ,Population ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,Animal populations ,Ecologia marina ,SEABIRDS CONSERVATION ,THREATS ,Marine ecology ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Ciencias Biológicas ,biology.animal ,Ocells marins ,FISHERIES INTERACTION ,Wildlife management ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,education ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Wildlife conservation ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,biology ,Community engagement ,business.industry ,SPATIAL ECOLOGY ,Environmental resource management ,Sea birds ,Bioquímica y Biología Molecular ,Poblacions animals ,TROPHO-DYNAMICS ,Protecció de la fauna ,POPULATION DYNAMICS ,Geography ,Animal ecology ,Spatial ecology ,Seabird ,business ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS - Abstract
Seabirds are facing a growing number of threats in both terrestrial and marine habitats, and many populations have experienced dramatic changes over past decades. Years of seabird research have improved our understanding of seabird populations and provided a broader understanding of marine ecological processes. In an effort to encourage future research and guide seabird conservation science, seabird researchers from 9 nations identified the 20 highest priority research questions and organized these into 6 general categories: (1) population dynamics, (2) spatial ecology, (3) tropho-dynamics, (4) fisheries interactions, (5) response to global change, and (6) management of anthropogenic impacts (focusing on invasive species, contaminants and protected areas). For each category, we provide an assessment of the current approaches, challenges and future directions. While this is not an exhaustive list of all research needed to address the myriad conservation challenges seabirds face, the results of this effort represent an important synthesis of current expert opinion across sub-disciplines within seabird ecology. As this synthesis highlights, research, in conjunction with direct management, education, and community engagement, can play an important role in facilitating the conservation and management of seabird populations and of the ocean ecosystems on which they and we depend. © Inter-Research 2012.
- Published
- 2012
19. La materia de climatología antes y después del Plan Bolonia
- Author
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Genovart, M. Consolació
- Subjects
Climatología ,Licenciaturas ,Enseñanza - Abstract
Ponencia presentada en: VIII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Salamanca entre el 25 y el 28 de septiembre de 2012. [ES]El presente trabajo analiza la presencia, en los actuales grados, de la materia de Climatología en las universidades españolas, tanto públicas como privadas. Se ha realizado una comparativa de los antiguos planes de estudio y los nuevos y se han clasificado según temas climáticos. Se ha podido constatar una disminución en el número de asignaturas de Climatología paralela al descenso general de materias. No obstante, cabe decir que en según que grados los resultados ponen de manifiesto una tendencia al aumento de la presencia de contenidos de carácter climático. [EN]This paper analyses the presence, in the current degrees, of the subject Climatology in Spanish universities, either they are state or private universities. A comparison has been done between the previous syllabus and the current ones, and they have been classified into climatic topics. The results state that the number of Climatology subjects has decreased, parallel to the general drop of subjects. Nevertheless, the results express that the presence of climatic content tends to increase in some of the new degrees. El presente trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto CGL2011-29263-C02-02 (Estructura diaria y 10-minutal de la precipitación y su caracterización sinóptica objetiva en el Mar Balear (Baleares).
- Published
- 2012
20. Morphometric similarities between central and peripheral populations of the European Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis
- Author
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Martínez-Abraín, A., Oro, D., Velando, A., Genovart, M., Gerique, C., Bartolomé, M. A., Blanca Sarzo, and Villuendas, E.
- Subjects
Sexing ,Prestige ,Geographic variation ,Morphometrics ,Discriminant analysis ,humanities ,Phalacrocorax aristotelis - Abstract
We compared morphometrics and discriminant functions for sexing European Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis in a central (British) population and a peripheral (northwestern Iberia) population within its distribution range, to account for structural differences between populations and sexes. Overall, British shags were structurally larger than Iberian shags, except in their head and bill length. This north-south cline could be attributable to higher food availability or lower ambient temperatures at higher latitudes. Furthermore, Iberian male shags were structurally larger than females for all variables considered, except for bill length, which was similar for both sexes, as in the British population. This suggests that bill length is a conservative trait in the species, being similar between populations and sexes alike. The most parsimonious discriminant function for sexing Iberian shags included only bill depth, and it correctly sexed 92.6% of the original cases, as was the case among British shags. This suggests that the depth of the bill likely plays a relevant sex-specific role in the species. Applying discriminant functions derived from one population to other populations can be problematic. However, we found that the bill depth discriminant function for British shags correctly sexed 90.2% of Iberian shags, supporting the idea that, although British shags are larger than northwestern Iberian shags, differences between sexes are of the same magnitude.
- Published
- 2006
21. Exploiting the closest productive area: geographical segregation of foraging grounds in a critically endangered seabird
- Author
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Louzao, Maite, Navarro, J., Forero, M.G., Igual, J.M., Genovart, M., Hobson, K.A., Oro, D., Louzao, Maite, Navarro, J., Forero, M.G., Igual, J.M., Genovart, M., Hobson, K.A., and Oro, D.
- Abstract
While breeding, seabirds are limited to exploiting resources within a restricted area around their breeding site and should exploit the closest productive marine areas within their distribution range. We investigated this hypothesis in one of the most endangered European seabirds, the Balearic shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus (ca. 3200 breeding pairs), restricted to the Balearic Islands. Our aims were (1) to assess whether isotopic evidence (i.e. stable isotopes of d13C and d15N) of foraging habitat partitioning occurs among northern, central and southern populations, (2) to geographically locate population-specific potential foraging grounds along the Iberian continental shelf, and (3) to assess whether oceanographic conditions could explain observed patterns of stable isotopes (SI). SI values showed a latitudinal gradient, with birds from the northern population having lower d15N and d13C values than central and southern populations. Potential foraging grounds of northern, central and southern populations were centred in Cape Creus, Ebro Delta and Cape La Nao, respectively, results which were supported by habitat models. Oceanographic conditions in each potential foraging ground were different; the northern population used richer, colder and deeper waters compared to the central and southern populations. Chlorophyll a was the main oceanographic variable that explained variation in SI values. We hypothesised that SI differences among Balearic shearwater populations might be a consequence of differences in baseline isotopic values among potential foraging grounds rather than real differences in diet. Our comprehensive study also provides important information for management strategies to conserve this critically endangered shearwater.
- Published
- 2011
22. Seasonal changes in the diet of a critically endangered seabird and the importance of trawling discards
- Author
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Navarro, J., Louzao, Maite, Igual, J.M., Oro, D., Delgado, A., Arcos, J.M., Genovart, M., Hobson, K.A., Forero, M.G., Navarro, J., Louzao, Maite, Igual, J.M., Oro, D., Delgado, A., Arcos, J.M., Genovart, M., Hobson, K.A., and Forero, M.G.
- Abstract
Pelagic seabirds obtain food from oceans where the availability of their prey changes rapidly both seasonally and spatially. Here, we investigated changes in the trophic habits of the critically endangered Balearic shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus) through the breeding season and tested for dietary differences between sexes and age classes. We analysed d15N and d13C values in blood of adults during the pre-incubation, incubation and chick-rearing periods and of their chicks. Using a two-isotope mixing model, we estimated dietary contributions based on isotope values from potential prey species which included small pelagic species available naturally and demersal fish species available only from trawling discards. Balearic shearwaters showed clear isotopic and dietary variation through the breeding season. During pre-incubation, breeding adults appeared to exploit demersal fish, whereas during the incubation and chick-rearing period, they fed mainly on pelagic anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) and pilchards (Sardina pilchardus). Similarly, chicks were fed mainly with anchovies, a resource with a high energetic value. This variation in the dietary habits of adult shearwaters during the breeding season was probably related to both natural and fishery-induced seasonal changes in the availability of potential prey species within their main feeding grounds. However, changes in the nutritional requirements of the shearwaters could also play an important role. Indeed, diet differed between sexes during pre-incubation: females fed less on trawling discards and more on small pelagic fish than males. This sexual segregation in diet could be the consequence of higher nutritional requirements of females during this period. Our study reveals the differential importance of both trawling discards and small pelagic fish species for a pelagic seabird depending on the breeding period and illustrates the importance of considering the entire breeding season when making inferences abou
- Published
- 2009
23. Research priorities for seabirds: improving conservation and management in the 21st century
- Author
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Lewison, R, primary, Oro, D, additional, Godley, B, additional, Underhill, L, additional, Bearhop, S, additional, Wilson, RP, additional, Ainley, D, additional, Arcos, JM, additional, Boersma, PD, additional, Borboroglu, PG, additional, Boulinier, T, additional, Frederiksen, M, additional, Genovart, M, additional, González-Solís, J, additional, Green, JA, additional, Grémillet, D, additional, Hamer, KC, additional, Hilton, GM, additional, Hyrenbach, KD, additional, Martínez-Abraín, A, additional, Montevecchi, WA, additional, Phillips, RA, additional, Ryan, PG, additional, Sagar, P, additional, Sydeman, WJ, additional, Wanless, S, additional, Watanuki, Y, additional, Weimerskirch, H, additional, and Yorio, P, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the critically endangered Balearic shearwater, Puffinus mauretanicus
- Author
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GONZALEZ, E. G., primary, GENOVART, M., additional, ORO, D., additional, ZARDOYA, R., additional, and JUSTE, J., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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25. Sex-specific mortality of European shags after the Prestige oil spill: demographic implications for the recovery of colonies
- Author
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Martínez-Abraín, A, primary, Velando, A, additional, Oro, D, additional, Genovart, M, additional, Gerique, C, additional, Bartolomé, MA, additional, Villuendas, E, additional, and Sarzo, B, additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. L'alimentació en els centres residencials per a persones grans
- Author
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Blanquer Genovart, Maria, Carrasco-Miserachs, Ignasi, Castell-Garralda, Victòria, Domínguez Font, Maria Montserrat, Figueras Cabanes , Marta, Ibáñez González, Sonia, Illa Lligoña, Montserrat, ILLAMOLA MARTIN, LAURA, Oliva Salart, Núria, Pons Sala, Anna, Roure-Cuspinera, Eulàlia, Valls Borruel, Galdina, [Blanquer Genovart M, Illa Lligoña M, Oliva Salart N, Roure Cuspinera E] Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (ASPCAT), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. [Carrasco Miserachs I, Valls Borruel G] Servei Català de la Salut, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. [Castell Garralda MV] Agència Catalana de Seguretat Alimentària (ACSA), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. [Domínguez Font MM, Ibáñez González S, Pons Sala, A] Departament de Drets Socials, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. [Figueras Cabanes M, Illamola Martin L] Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain, and Departament de Salut
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Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Psychology, Social::Life Style::Healthy Lifestyle::Healthy Diet [PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOLOGY] ,conducta y mecanismos de la conducta::psicología social::estilo de vida::estilo de vida saludable::alimentación saludable [PSIQUIATRÍA Y PSICOLOGÍA] ,instalaciones, servicios y personal de asistencia sanitaria::centros sanitarios::instituciones residenciales::hogares para ancianos [ATENCIÓN DE SALUD] ,Residències de persones grans ,Persones grans - Alimentació ,Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Facilities::Residential Facilities::Homes for the Aged [HEALTH CARE] - Abstract
Alimentació; Residències; Gent gran Alimentación; Residencias; Personas mayores Feeding; Residences; Old people Aquest document té l’objectiu d’oferir suport als diferents col·lectius professionals relacionats amb l’alimentació de les persones que viuen en CRPG, amb l’enfocament centrat en la persona. El document es basa en la millor evidència possible i és fruit del treball multidisciplinari de professionals de diferents àmbits amb experiència en el món dels CRPG: Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Servei Català de la Salut, Departament de Drets Socials, equips d’atenció primària de salut i serveis de farmàcia d’atenció primària.
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- 2023
27. Spatiotemporal organization of ant foraging from a complex systems perspective.
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Cristín J, Fernández-López P, Lloret-Cabot R, Genovart M, Méndez V, Bartumeus F, and Campos D
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- Animals, Computer Simulation, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Social Behavior, Behavior, Animal physiology, Models, Biological, Ants physiology, Feeding Behavior physiology
- Abstract
We use complex systems science to explore the emergent behavioral patterns that typify eusocial species, using collective ant foraging as a paradigmatic example. Our particular aim is to provide a methodology to quantify how the collective orchestration of foraging provides functional advantages to ant colonies. For this, we combine (i) a purpose-built experimental arena replicating ant foraging across realistic spatial and temporal scales, and (ii) a set of analytical tools, grounded in information theory and spin-glass approaches, to explore the resulting data. This combined approach yields computational replicas of the colonies; these are high-dimensional models that store the experimental foraging patterns through a training process, and are then able to generate statistically similar patterns, in an analogous way to machine learning tools. These in silico models are then used to explore the colony performance under different resource availability scenarios. Our findings highlight how replicas of the colonies trained under constant and predictable experimental food conditions exhibit heightened foraging efficiencies, manifested in reduced times for food discovery and gathering, and accelerated transmission of information under similar conditions. However, these same replicas demonstrate a lack of resilience when faced with new foraging conditions. Conversely, replicas of colonies trained under fluctuating and uncertain food conditions reveal lower efficiencies at specific environments but increased resilience to shifts in food location., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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28. Drivers of resource allocation for breeding under variable environments in a bet hedger.
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Oro D, Waldrep C, Bertolero A, and Genovart M
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The evolutionary theory of life histories predicts that there is a trade-off between survival and reproduction: since adult survival in long-lived organisms is high, then breeding investment is more variable and more dependent on conditions (e.g. food availability and individual experience). Clutch features influence fitness prospects, but how a bet hedger builds its clutch in temporally varying environments is quite unknown. Using 27-year data on 2847 clutches of known-age breeders, we analyse how Audouin's gulls ( Larus audouinii ), a species showing a combination of conservative and adaptive bet-hedging breeding strategies, can allocate energy by laying clutches and eggs of different sizes. Results show that both food availability and age influenced clutch size and total egg volume in a clutch. Interestingly, we found an interaction between food and age on egg parameters: total volume in two-egg clutches, laid mostly by younger breeders, did not significantly change with food availability and the quadratic pattern in clutch size over the range of ages was less marked as long as food conditions became harsher. With increased food, females invested more by building larger first eggs, whereas they were more conservative on second and third eggs. Furthermore, asymmetries in egg volume within three-egg clutches increased with food availability for old females. Egg size profiles of two-egg clutches suggest that gulls should exhibit progressive reduction of the size of the third egg before shifting to a two-egg clutch size. Food availability influenced all parameters studied, whereas age affected the amount of energy allocated for producing eggs (their size and number) but not the way of allocating those energies (i.e. asymmetries within the clutch). Despite the range of factors affecting the clutch, results suggest that females can allocate the amount of resources in a clutch optimally to increase their fitness under variable environments via bet-hedging., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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29. [Do socioeconomic determinants influence school menus?]
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Ramos Vaquero P, Font Sabaté M, Juárez Martínez O, Sánchez-Martínez F, Manera Bassols M, and Blanquer Genovart M
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- Humans, Schools, Fruit, Meals, Lunch, Socioeconomic Factors, Food Services
- Abstract
Introduction: Introduction: the components of school menus is an important area in health strategies. Objectives: the aim of this study was to analyse differences in adherence to recommended food frequencies and other characteristics of school meals in educational centres according to the type of school and neighbourhood income. Method: schools in the city of Barcelona with a lunch service were offered a three-year review. In the three academic years, 341 schools participated: 175 were public and 165 were private. To identify any differences, the Pearson Chi-squared test or Fisher exact test were used, as appropriate. Statistical analyses were performed with the STATA SE/15 programme. Results: no statistically significant differences were found by the socioeconomic level of the school neighbourhood. Private and subsidised schools showed lower adherence to recommendations on pasta (11.1 %), red and processed meat (24.7 %), total meat (7.4 %) and fresh fruit (12.1 %), and lower use of the recommended cooking oil (13.1 %). In contrast, public schools showed lower adherence to the recommended type of frying oil (16.9 %). Conclusions: in private and subsidised schools, improvements should be recommended on the frequency of intake of certain foods. Future studies should examine the causes of lower adherence to certain recommendations in these centres.
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- 2023
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30. Social copying drives a tipping point for nonlinear population collapse.
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Oro D, Alsedà L, Hastings A, Genovart M, and Sardanyés J
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- Animals, Population Density, Ecosystem, Artificial Intelligence, Algorithms
- Abstract
Sudden changes in populations are ubiquitous in ecological systems, especially under perturbations. The agents of global change may increase the frequency and severity of anthropogenic perturbations, but complex populations' responses hamper our understanding of their dynamics and resilience. Furthermore, the long-term environmental and demographic data required to study those sudden changes are rare. Fitting dynamical models with an artificial intelligence algorithm to population fluctuations over 40 y in a social bird reveals that feedback in dispersal after a cumulative perturbation drives a population collapse. The collapse is well described by a nonlinear function mimicking social copying, whereby dispersal made by a few individuals induces others to leave the patch in a behavioral cascade for decision-making to disperse. Once a threshold for deterioration of the quality of the patch is crossed, there is a tipping point for a social response of runaway dispersal corresponding to social copying feedback. Finally, dispersal decreases at low population densities, which is likely due to the unwillingness of the more philopatric individuals to disperse. In providing the evidence of copying for the emergence of feedback in dispersal in a social organism, our results suggest a broader impact of self-organized collective dispersal in complex population dynamics. This has implications for the theoretical study of population and metapopulation nonlinear dynamics, including population extinction, and managing of endangered and harvested populations of social animals subjected to behavioral feedback loops.
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- 2023
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31. School Menu Review Programme (PReME): evaluation of compliance with dietary recommendations during the period 2006-2020 in Catalonia.
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Blanquer-Genovart M, Manera-Bassols M, Salvador-Castell G, Cunillera-Puértolas O, Castell-Abat C, and Cabezas-Peña C
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- Humans, Nutrition Policy, Spain, Schools, Vegetables, Food Services
- Abstract
Background: The School Menu Review Programme (PReME) has been offering complimentary revisions of meal plans to all schools in Catalonia since 2006. This study aims to assess the evolution of compliance with PReME's recommendations in the meals provided by school cafeterias in Catalonia during the period 2006-2020., Methods: Pre-post study with a sample of 6,387 meal plans from 2221 schools assessed during the period. The information was collected mainly by public health specialists within the annual technical and sanitary inspection of school kitchens and cafeterias. Meal plans were evaluated by Dietitian-Nutritionists team according to the criteria of the National Health System's "Consensus document on nutrition in schools" and the Public Health Agency of Catalonia's current guide "Healthy eating at school". Reports were sent to each participating school. A few months later, a new meal plan and another questionnaire were collected and evaluated in comparison with the first meal plan. Compliance with the recommendations was analysed based on the type of canteen management and the school category., Results: Compliance improved during the study period. The percentage of schools that complied with dietary recommendations in relation to the five PReME indicators (fresh fruit, pulses, daily vegetables, fresh food and olive oil for dressing) has steadily increased since PReME began, (over 70% in all indictors; p = < 0.001), with variations depending on school category and cafeteria management. Furthermore, an improvement in the levels of compliance with de recommended food frequencies was observed. with statistically significant differences for all items (p < 0.001), except for pulses whose compliance had been high since the beginning of the study (p = 0.216)., Conclusions: The positive evolution in compliance with PReME's recommendations provides evidence of the programme's effectiveness, with an improvement in the quality of school meals delivered in Catalonia., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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32. Interspecific synchrony on breeding performance and the role of anthropogenic food subsidies.
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Payo-Payo A, Igual JM, Sanz-Aguilar A, Real E, Genovart M, Oro D, and Tavecchia G
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- Population Density, Population Dynamics, Ecosystem
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Synchrony can have important consequences for long-term metapopulations persistence, community dynamics and ecosystems functioning. While the causes and consequences of intra-specific synchrony on population size and demographic rates have received considerable attention only a few factors that may affect inter-specific synchrony have been described. We formulate the hypothesis that food subsidies can buffer the influence of environmental stochasticity on community dynamics, disrupting and masking originally synchronized systems. To illustrate this hypothesis, we assessed the consequences of European policies implementation affecting subsidy availability on the temporal synchrony of egg volume as a proxy of breeding investment in two sympatric marine top predators with differential subsidy use. We show how 7-year synchrony appears on egg volume fluctuations after subsidy cessation suggesting that food subsidies could disrupt interspecific synchrony. Moreover, cross correlation increased after subsidy cessation and environmental buffering seems to act during synchronization period. We emphasize that subsidies dynamics and waste management provide novel insights on the emergence of synchrony in natural populations., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2022
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33. Inferring the age of breeders from easily measurable variables.
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Genovart M, Klementisová K, Oro D, Fernández-López P, Bertolero A, and Bartumeus F
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- Humans, Middle Aged, Population Dynamics, Reproduction, Breeding, Eggs
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Age drives differences in fitness components typically due to lower performances of younger and senescent individuals, and changes in breeding age structure influence population dynamics and persistence. However, determining age and age structure is challenging in most species, where distinctive age features are lacking and available methods require substantial efforts or invasive procedures. Here we explore the potential to assess the age of breeders, or at least to identify young and senescent individuals, by measuring some breeding parameters partially driven by age (e.g. egg volume in birds). Taking advantage of a long-term population monitored seabird, we first assessed whether age influenced egg volume, and identified other factors driving this trait by using general linear models. Secondly, we developed and evaluated a machine learning algorithm to assess the age of breeders using measurable variables. We confirmed that both younger and older individuals performed worse (less and smaller eggs) than middle-aged individuals. Our ensemble training algorithm was only able to distinguish young individuals, but not senescent breeders. We propose to test the combined use of field monitoring, classic regression analysis and machine learning methods in other wild populations were measurable breeding parameters are partially driven by age, as a possible tool for assessing age structure in the wild., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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34. It's not all abundance: Detectability and accessibility of food also explain breeding investment in long-lived marine animals.
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Real E, Orol D, Bertolero A, Igual JM, Sanz-Aguilar A, Genovart M, Hidalgo M, and Tavecchia G
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- Animals, Seasons, Food
- Abstract
Large-scale climatic indices are extensively used as predictors of ecological processes, but the mechanisms and the spatio-temporal scales at which climatic indices influence these processes are often speculative. Here, we use long-term data to evaluate how a measure of individual breeding investment (the egg volume) of three long-lived and long-distance-migrating seabirds is influenced by i) a large-scale climatic index (the North Atlantic Oscillation) and ii) local-scale variables (food abundance, foraging conditions, and competition). Winter values of the North Atlantic Oscillation did not correlate with local-scale variables measured in spring, but surprisingly, both had a high predictive power of the temporal variability of the egg volume in the three study species, even though they have different life-history strategies. The importance of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation suggests carry-over effects of winter conditions on subsequent breeding investment. Interestingly, the most important local-scale variables measured in spring were associated with food detectability (foraging conditions) and the factors influencing its accessibility (foraging conditions and competition by density-dependence). Large-scale climatic indices may work better as predictors of foraging conditions when organisms perform long distance migrations, while local-scale variables are more appropriate when foraging areas are more restricted (e.g. during the breeding season). Contrary to what is commonly assumed, food abundance does not directly translate into food intake and its detectability and accessibility should be considered in the study of food-related ecological processes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2022
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35. The First Genome of the Balearic Shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus) Provides a Valuable Resource for Conservation Genomics and Sheds Light on Adaptation to a Pelagic lifestyle.
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Cuevas-Caballé C, Ferrer Obiol J, Vizueta J, Genovart M, Gonzalez-Solís J, Riutort M, and Rozas J
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- Animals, Demography, Genomics, Humans, Mammals, Predatory Behavior, Birds genetics, Endangered Species
- Abstract
The Balearic shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus) is the most threatened seabird in Europe and a member of the most speciose group of pelagic seabirds, the order Procellariiformes, which exhibit extreme adaptations to a pelagic lifestyle. The fossil record suggests that human colonisation of the Balearic Islands resulted in a sharp decrease of the Balearic shearwater population size. Currently, populations of the species continue to be decimated mainly due to predation by introduced mammals and bycatch in longline fisheries, with some studies predicting its extinction by 2070. Here, using a combination of short and long reads, we generate the first high-quality reference genome for the Balearic shearwater, with a completeness amongst the highest across available avian species. We used this reference genome to study critical aspects relevant to the conservation status of the species and to gain insights into the adaptation to a pelagic lifestyle of the order Procellariiformes. We detected relatively high levels of genome-wide heterozygosity in the Balearic shearwater despite its reduced population size. However, the reconstruction of its historical demography uncovered an abrupt population decline potentially linked to a reduction of the neritic zone during the Penultimate Glacial Period (∼194-135 ka). Comparative genomics analyses uncover a set of candidate genes that may have played an important role into the adaptation to a pelagic lifestyle of Procellariiformes, including those for the enhancement of fishing capabilities, night vision, and the development of natriuresis. The reference genome obtained will be the crucial in the future development of genetic tools in conservation efforts for this Critically Endangered species., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
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- 2022
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36. Patterns of at-sea behaviour at a hybrid zone between two threatened seabirds.
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Austin RE, Wynn RB, Votier SC, Trueman C, McMinn M, Rodríguez A, Suberg L, Maurice L, Newton J, Genovart M, Péron C, Grémillet D, and Guilford T
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- Animals, Biological Evolution, Carbon Isotopes, Feathers chemistry, Female, Isotope Labeling, Male, Nitrogen Isotopes, Seasons, Animal Migration, Birds physiology, Oceans and Seas, Sexual Behavior, Animal
- Abstract
Patterns of behavioural variation and migratory connectivity are important characteristics of populations, particularly at the edges of species distributions, where processes involved in influencing evolutionary trajectories, such as divergence, mutual persistence, and natural hybridization, can occur. Here, we focused on two closely related seabird species that breed in the Mediterranean: Balearic shearwaters (Puffinus mauretanicus) and Yelkouan shearwaters (Puffinus yelkouan). Genetic and phenotypic evidence of hybridization between the two species on Menorca (the eastern and westernmost island in the breeding ranges of the two shearwaters, respectively) has provided important insights into relationships between these recently diverged species. Nevertheless, levels of behavioural and ecological differentiation amongst these populations remain largely unknown. Using geolocation and stable isotopes, we compared the at-sea movement behaviour of birds from the Menorcan 'hybrid' population with the nearest neighbouring populations of Balearic and Yelkouan shearwaters. The Menorcan population displayed a suite of behavioural features intermediate to those seen in the two species (including migration strategies, breeding season movements and limited data on phenology). Our findings provide new evidence to support suggestions that the Menorcan population is admixed, and indicate a role of non-breeding behaviours in the evolutionary trajectories of Puffinus shearwaters in the Mediterranean.
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- 2019
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37. Transience effect in capture-recapture studies: The importance of its biological meaning.
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Genovart M and Pradel R
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- Animals, Models, Statistical, Plants, Population Surveillance, Probability, Time Factors, Biology methods
- Abstract
Capture-recapture (CR) models are an essential tool for estimating demographic parameters in most animal and some plant populations. To avoid drawing incorrect conclusions in any statistical inference, a crucial prerequisite is to assess the goodness of fit of a general model to the data. In CR models, a frequent cause of lack of fit, is the so-called transience effect, which is due to a lower expectation of re-observation of individuals marked for the first time as compared to other individuals. The transience effect may result either from different biological causes or from the sampling procedure. A transience effect is usually treated by distinguishing at least two age-classes in the survival probability, but other approaches may be more suitable. Here we develop a conceptual and analytical framework for including a transience effect in capture-recapture models. We show the implementation of two additional parametrizations that incorporate a transience effect. With these parametrizations, we can directly estimate the "transience probability" defined as the probability that a newly caught individual disappear from the population beyond what is expected based on the behavior of the previously caught individuals in the same sample. Additionally, these parametrizations allow testing biological hypotheses concerning drivers affecting this probability. Results from our case study show differences between parametrizations, with the parametrization most currently used giving different estimates, especially when including covariates. We advocate for a unifying framework for treating a transience effect, that helps clarifying the ideas and terminology, and where the biological reasons should be the rule for choosing the appropriate analytical procedure. This framework will also open new and powerful ways for the detection and exploration of ecological processes such as the costs of the first reproduction or the deleterious effects of some types of marking., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
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38. Differential adult survival at close seabird colonies: The importance of spatial foraging segregation and bycatch risk during the breeding season.
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Genovart M, Bécares J, Igual JM, Martínez-Abraín A, Escandell R, Sánchez A, Rodríguez B, Arcos JM, and Oro D
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- Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Feeding Behavior, Reproduction, Charadriiformes physiology, Fisheries, Seasons
- Abstract
Marine megafauna, including seabirds, are critically affected by fisheries bycatch. However, bycatch risk may differ on temporal and spatial scales due to the uneven distribution and effort of fleets operating different fishing gear, and to focal species distribution and foraging behavior. Scopoli's shearwater Calonectris diomedea is a long-lived seabird that experiences high bycatch rates in longline fisheries and strong population-level impacts due to this type of anthropogenic mortality. Analyzing a long-term dataset on individual monitoring, we compared adult survival (by means of multi-event capture-recapture models) among three close predator-free Mediterranean colonies of the species. Unexpectedly for a long-lived organism, adult survival varied among colonies. We explored potential causes of this differential survival by (1) measuring egg volume as a proxy of food availability and parental condition; (2) building a specific longline bycatch risk map for the species; and (3) assessing the distribution patterns of breeding birds from the three study colonies via GPS tracking. Egg volume was very similar between colonies over time, suggesting that environmental variability related to habitat foraging suitability was not the main cause of differential survival. On the other hand, differences in foraging movements among individuals from the three colonies expose them to differential mortality risk, which likely influenced the observed differences in adult survival. The overlap of information obtained by the generation of specific bycatch risk maps, the quantification of population demographic parameters, and the foraging spatial analysis should inform managers about differential sensitivity to the anthropogenic impact at mesoscale level and guide decisions depending on the spatial configuration of local populations. The approach would apply and should be considered in any species where foraging distribution is colony-specific and mortality risk varies spatially., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
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39. Varying demographic impacts of different fisheries on three Mediterranean seabird species.
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Genovart M, Doak DF, Igual JM, Sponza S, Kralj J, and Oro D
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- Animals, Demography, Mediterranean Sea, Population Dynamics, Charadriiformes, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Fisheries
- Abstract
Fisheries have an enormous economic importance, but reconciling their socio-economic features with the conservation and sustainability of marine ecosystems presents major challenges. Bycatch mortality from fisheries is clearly among the most serious global threats for marine ecosystems, affecting a wide range of top predators. Recent estimates report ca. 200,000 seabirds killed annually by bycatch in European waters. However, there is an urgent need to rigorously estimate actual mortality rates and quantify effects of bycatch on populations. The Mediterranean Sea is one of the most impacted regions. Here, we estimate for the first time both bycatch mortality rates and their population-level effects on three endemic and vulnerable Mediterranean taxa: Scopoli's shearwater, Mediterranean shag, and Audouin's gull, that die in different types of fishing gears: longlines, gillnets and sport trolling, respectively. We use multi-event capture-recapture modelling to estimate crucial demographic parameters, including the probabilities of dying in different fishing gears. We then build stochastic demography models to forecast the viability of the populations under different management scenarios. Longline bycatch was particularly severe for adults of Scopoli's shearwaters and Audouin's gulls (ca. 28% and 23% of total mortality, respectively) and also for immature gulls (ca. 90% of mortality). Gillnets had a lower impact, but were still responsible for ca. 9% of juvenile mortality on shags, whereas sport trolling only slightly influenced total mortality in gulls. Bycatch mortality has high population-level impacts in all three species, with shearwaters having the highest extinction risk under current mortality rates. Different life-history traits and compensatory demographic mechanisms between the three species are probably influencing the different bycatch impact: for shearwaters, urgent conservation actions are required to ensure the viability of their populations. Results will be very useful for guiding future seabird conservation policies and moving towards an ecosystem-based approach to sustainable fisheries management., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2017
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40. Climate-driven vital rates do not always mean climate-driven population.
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Tavecchia G, Tenan S, Pradel R, Igual JM, Genovart M, and Oro D
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- Animals, Demography, Population Dynamics, Population Growth, Birds, Climate
- Abstract
Current climatic changes have increased the need to forecast population responses to climate variability. A common approach to address this question is through models that project current population state using the functional relationship between demographic rates and climatic variables. We argue that this approach can lead to erroneous conclusions when interpopulation dispersal is not considered. We found that immigration can release the population from climate-driven trajectories even when local vital rates are climate dependent. We illustrated this using individual-based data on a trans-equatorial migratory seabird, the Scopoli's shearwater Calonectris diomedea, in which the variation of vital rates has been associated with large-scale climatic indices. We compared the population annual growth rate λ
i , estimated using local climate-driven parameters with ρi , a population growth rate directly estimated from individual information and that accounts for immigration. While λi varied as a function of climatic variables, reflecting the climate-dependent parameters, ρi did not, indicating that dispersal decouples the relationship between population growth and climate variables from that between climatic variables and vital rates. Our results suggest caution when assessing demographic effects of climatic variability especially in open populations for very mobile organisms such as fish, marine mammals, bats, or birds. When a population model cannot be validated or it is not detailed enough, ignoring immigration might lead to misleading climate-driven projections., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2016
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41. Evaluating mortality rates with a novel integrated framework for nonmonogamous species.
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Tenan S, Iemma A, Bragalanti N, Pedrini P, De Barba M, Randi E, Groff C, and Genovart M
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- Animals, Female, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Pair Bond, Population Dynamics, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ursidae
- Abstract
The conservation of wildlife requires management based on quantitative evidence, and especially for large carnivores, unraveling cause-specific mortalities and understanding their impact on population dynamics is crucial. Acquiring this knowledge is challenging because it is difficult to obtain robust long-term data sets on endangered populations and, usually, data are collected through diverse sampling strategies. Integrated population models (IPMs) offer a way to integrate data generated through different processes. However, IPMs are female-based models that cannot account for mate availability, and this feature limits their applicability to monogamous species only. We extended classical IPMs to a two-sex framework that allows investigation of population dynamics and quantification of cause-specific mortality rates in nonmonogamous species. We illustrated our approach by simultaneously modeling different types of data from a reintroduced, unhunted brown bear (Ursus arctos) population living in an area with a dense human population. In a population mainly driven by adult survival, we estimated that on average 11% of cubs and 61% of adults died from human-related causes. Although the population is currently not at risk, adult survival and thus population dynamics are driven by anthropogenic mortality. Given the recent increase of human-bear conflicts in the area, removal of individuals for management purposes and through poaching may increase, reversing the positive population growth rate. Our approach can be generalized to other species affected by cause-specific mortality and will be useful to inform conservation decisions for other nonmonogamous species, such as most large carnivores, for which data are scarce and diverse and thus data integration is highly desirable., (© 2016 Society for Conservation Biology.)
- Published
- 2016
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42. Consecutive cohort effects driven by density-dependence and climate influence early-life survival in a long-lived bird.
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Payo-Payo A, Genovart M, Bertolero A, Pradel R, and Oro D
- Subjects
- Animals, Charadriiformes growth & development, Climate, Food, Longevity physiology, Models, Biological, Population Density, Population Dynamics, Seasons, Charadriiformes physiology
- Abstract
Conditions during early life, including maternal cohort effects, can influence the future fitness of individuals. This may be particularly true for long-distance migrating birds, because, apart from conditions experienced by cohorts during rearing, conditions during early life in regions far from breeding grounds may also influence their population dynamics. Very little is known about the fitness consequences of those conditions experienced by juveniles after independence, especially in wild populations and for long-lived birds. We used multi-event capture-recapture-recovery models and a unique 26-year dataset for the Audouin's gull (Larus audouinii) to assess for the first time whether survival was influenced by early conditions, both during the rearing period (i.e. a maternal cohort effect potentially affected by density dependence) and the first winter (i.e. a cohort effect driven by climate when birds disperse to wintering grounds). Our results show that juvenile survival was highly sensitive to early-life conditions and that survival decreased with stronger density dependence and harsh climate. The two consecutive cohort effects were of similar magnitude and they may represent a selection filter. Thus, early-life conditions had a strong impact on survival, and neglecting this complexity may hinder our understanding on how populations of long-lived animals fluctuate and respond to perturbations., (© 2016 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2016
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43. Colony Foundation in an Oceanic Seabird.
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Munilla I, Genovart M, Paiva VH, and Velando A
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- Alleles, Animals, Atlantic Ocean, Birds growth & development, Founder Effect, Gene Flow, Genetic Variation, Microsatellite Repeats genetics, Species Specificity, Telemetry, Birds genetics
- Abstract
Seabirds are colonial vertebrates that despite their great potential for long-range dispersal and colonization are reluctant to establish in novel locations, often recruiting close to their natal colony. The foundation of colonies is therefore a rare event in most seabird species and little is known about the colonization process in this group. The Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) is a pelagic seabird that has recently established three new colonies in Galicia (NE Atlantic) thus expanding its distribution range 500 km northwards. This study aimed to describe the establishment and early progress of the new Galician populations and to determine the genetic and morphometric characteristics of the individuals participating in these foundation events. Using 10 microsatellite loci, we tested the predictions supported by different seabird colonization models. Possibly three groups of non-breeders, adding up to around 200 birds, started visiting the Galician colonies in the mid 2000's and some of them eventually laid eggs and reproduced, thus establishing new breeding colonies. The Galician populations showed a high genetic diversity and a frequency of private alleles similar to or even higher than some of the large historical populations. Most individuals were assigned to several Atlantic populations and a few (if any) to Mediterranean colonies. Our study suggests that a large and admixed population is settling in Galicia, in agreement with predictions from island metapopulation models of colonization. Multiple source colonies imply that some birds colonizing Galicia were dispersing from very distant colonies (> 1500 km). Long-distance colonizations undertaken by relatively large and admixed groups of colonizers can help to explain the low levels of genetic structure over vast areas that are characteristic of most oceanic seabird species.
- Published
- 2016
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44. Climate change overruns resilience conferred by temperature-dependent sex determination in sea turtles and threatens their survival.
- Author
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Santidrián Tomillo P, Genovart M, Paladino FV, Spotila JR, and Oro D
- Subjects
- Acclimatization, Animals, Female, Male, Temperature, Climate Change, Models, Theoretical, Sex Ratio, Turtles physiology
- Abstract
Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is the predominant form of environmental sex determination (ESD) in reptiles, but the adaptive significance of TSD in this group remains unclear. Additionally, the viability of species with TSD may be compromised as climate gets warmer. We simulated population responses in a turtle with TSD to increasing nest temperatures and compared the results to those of a virtual population with genotypic sex determination (GSD) and fixed sex ratios. Then, we assessed the effectiveness of TSD as a mechanism to maintain populations under climate change scenarios. TSD populations were more resilient to increased nest temperatures and mitigated the negative effects of high temperatures by increasing production of female offspring and therefore, future fecundity. That buffered the negative effect of temperature on the population growth. TSD provides an evolutionary advantage to sea turtles. However, this mechanism was only effective over a range of temperatures and will become inefficient as temperatures rise to levels projected by current climate change models. Projected global warming threatens survival of sea turtles, and the IPCC high gas concentration scenario may result in extirpation of the studied population in 50 years., (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2015
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45. Neighbouring populations, opposite dynamics: influence of body size and environmental variation on the demography of stream-resident brown trout (Salmo trutta).
- Author
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Fernández-Chacón A, Genovart M, Álvarez D, Cano JM, Ojanguren AF, Rodriguez-Muñoz R, and Nicieza AG
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecology, Population Dynamics, Rivers, Spain, Temperature, Trout growth & development, Body Size, Trout anatomy & histology, Trout physiology
- Abstract
In organisms such as fish, where body size is considered an important state variable for the study of their population dynamics, size-specific growth and survival rates can be influenced by local variation in both biotic and abiotic factors, but few studies have evaluated the complex relationships between environmental variability and size-dependent processes. We analysed a 6-year capture-recapture dataset of brown trout (Salmo trutta) collected at 3 neighbouring but heterogeneous mountain streams in northern Spain with the aim of investigating the factors shaping the dynamics of local populations. The influence of body size and water temperature on survival and individual growth was assessed under a multi-state modelling framework, an extension of classical capture-recapture models that considers the state (i.e. body size) of the individual in each capture occasion and allows us to obtain state-specific demographic rates and link them to continuous environmental variables. Individual survival and growth patterns varied over space and time, and evidence of size-dependent survival was found in all but the smallest stream. At this stream, the probability of reaching larger sizes was lower compared to the other wider and deeper streams. Water temperature variables performed better in the modelling of the highest-altitude population, explaining over a 99 % of the variability in maturation transitions and survival of large fish. The relationships between body size, temperature and fitness components found in this study highlight the utility of multi-state approaches to investigate small-scale demographic processes in heterogeneous environments, and to provide reliable ecological knowledge for management purposes.
- Published
- 2015
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46. From recruitment to senescence: food shapes the age-dependent pattern of breeding performance in a long-lived bird.
- Author
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Oro D, Hernández N, Jover L, and Genovart M
- Subjects
- Aging, Animals, Clutch Size, Nesting Behavior, Oviposition, Animal Feed, Charadriiformes physiology, Longevity, Reproduction physiology
- Abstract
We used a long-term data set (26 years) from Audouin's Gull (Larus audouinii), a long-lived seabird, to address the relationship between the age-dependent pattern of reproductive performance and environmental conditions during breeding. Although theoretical models predict that the youngest and oldest breeders (due to inexperience and senescence, respectively) will perform less well than intermediate age classes, few empirical data exist regarding how this expected pattern varies with food availability. To assess the influence of age and food availability (corrected by population size of the main consumers to take into account density dependence) on a number of breeding parameters (laying dates, egg volume, clutch size, and hatching success), we modeled mean and variances of these parameters by incorporating heterogeneity into generalized linear models. All parameters varied with age and to different degrees, depending on food availability. As expected, performance improved with increased food supply, and the observed age pattern was quadratic, with poorer breeding performances occurring in extreme ages. For most parameters (except for laying dates, for which age and food did not interact), the pattern changed with food somewhat unexpectedly; the differences in performance between age classes were higher (i.e., the quadratic pattern was more noticeable) when food was more readily available than when food availability was lower. We suggest that, under poor environmental conditions, only high-quality individuals of the younger and older birds bred and that the differences in breeding performance between age classes were smaller. Although variances for egg volume were constant, variances for laying dates were highest for the youngest breeders and tended to decrease with age, either due to the selection of higher-quality individuals or to a greater frequency of birds skipping breeding with age, especially when food was in low supply. Our results show that mean and variances of breeding parameters changed with age, but that this pattern was different for each parameter and also varied according to food availability. It is likely that, other than food, certain additional factors (e.g., sex, cohort effects, density dependence) also influence changes in breeding performance with age, and this may preclude the finding of a common pattern among traits and among studies on different taxa.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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47. Determinants of extinction-colonization dynamics in Mediterranean butterflies: the role of landscape, climate and local habitat features.
- Author
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Fernández-Chacón A, Stefanescu C, Genovart M, Nichols JD, Hines JE, Páramo F, Turco M, and Oro D
- Subjects
- Animals, Demography, Mediterranean Region, Models, Biological, Time Factors, Butterflies physiology, Climate, Ecosystem
- Abstract
Many species are found today in the form of fragmented populations occupying patches of remnant habitat in human-altered landscapes. The persistence of these population networks requires a balance between extinction and colonization events assumed to be primarily related to patch area and isolation, but the contribution of factors such as the characteristics of patch and matrix habitats, the species' traits (habitat specialization and dispersal capabilities) and variation in climatic conditions have seldom been evaluated simultaneously. The identification of environmental variables associated with patch occupancy and turnover may be especially useful to enhance the persistence of multiple species under current global change. However, for robust inference on occupancy and related parameters, we must account for detection errors, a commonly overlooked problem that leads to biased estimates and misleading conclusions about population dynamics. Here, we provide direct empirical evidence of the effects of different environmental variables on the extinction and colonization rates of a rich butterfly community in the western Mediterranean. The analysis was based on a 17-year data set containing detection/nondetection data on 73 butterfly species for 26 sites in north-eastern Spain. Using multiseason occupancy models, which take into account species' detectability, we were able to obtain robust estimates of local extinction and colonization probabilities for each species and test the potential effects of site covariates such as the area of suitable habitat, topographic variability, landscape permeability around the site and climatic variability in aridity conditions. Results revealed a general pattern across species with local habitat composition and landscape features as stronger predictors of occupancy dynamics compared with topography and local aridity. Increasing area of suitable habitat in a site strongly decreased local extinction risks and, for a number of species, both higher amounts of suitable habitat and more permeable landscapes increased colonization rates. Nevertheless, increased topographic variability decreased the extinction risk of bad dispersers, a group of species with significantly lower colonization rates. Our models predicted higher sensitivity of the butterfly assemblages to deterministic changes in habitat features rather than to stochastic weather patterns, with some relationships being clearly dependent on the species' traits., (© 2013 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology © 2013 British Ecological Society.)
- Published
- 2014
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48. Ecological and evolutionary implications of food subsidies from humans.
- Author
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Oro D, Genovart M, Tavecchia G, Fowler MS, and Martínez-Abraín A
- Subjects
- Agriculture, Animal Feed, Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Human Activities, Humans, Population Dynamics, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Biological Evolution, Food Chain, Refuse Disposal
- Abstract
Human activities are the main current driver of global change. From hunter-gatherers through to Neolithic societies-and particularly in contemporary industrialised countries-humans have (voluntarily or involuntarily) provided other animals with food, often with a high spatio-temporal predictability. Nowadays, as much as 30-40% of all food produced in Earth is wasted. We argue here that predictable anthropogenic food subsidies (PAFS) provided historically by humans to animals has shaped many communities and ecosystems as we see them nowadays. PAFS improve individual fitness triggering population increases of opportunistic species, which may affect communities, food webs and ecosystems by altering processes such as competition, predator-prey interactions and nutrient transfer between biotopes and ecosystems. We also show that PAFS decrease temporal population variability, increase resilience of opportunistic species and reduce community diversity. Recent environmental policies, such as the regulation of dumps or the ban of fishing discards, constitute natural experiments that should improve our understanding of the role of food supply in a range of ecological and evolutionary processes at the ecosystem level. Comparison of subsidised and non-subsidised ecosystems can help predict changes in diversity and the related ecosystem services that have suffered the impact of other global change agents., (© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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49. Population structure and dispersal patterns within and between Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of a large-range pelagic seabird.
- Author
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Genovart M, Thibault JC, Igual JM, Bauzà-Ribot Mdel M, Rabouam C, and Bretagnolle V
- Subjects
- Animals, Atlantic Ocean, Cluster Analysis, Female, Gene Flow, Genetic Structures, Genetic Variation, Genotype, Male, Mediterranean Region, Microsatellite Repeats genetics, Oceanography, Population Dynamics, Spatial Analysis, Biodiversity, Birds classification, Birds genetics
- Abstract
Dispersal is critically linked to the demographic and evolutionary trajectories of populations, but in most seabird species it may be difficult to estimate. Using molecular tools, we explored population structure and the spatial dispersal pattern of a highly pelagic but philopatric seabird, the Cory's shearwater Calonectris diomedea. Microsatellite fragments were analysed from samples collected across almost the entire breeding range of the species. To help disentangle the taxonomic status of the two subspecies described, the Atlantic form C. d. borealis and the Mediterranean form C. d. diomedea, we analysed genetic divergence between subspecies and quantified both historical and recent migration rates between the Mediterranean and Atlantic basins. We also searched for evidence of isolation by distance (IBD) and addressed spatial patterns of gene flow. We found a low genetic structure in the Mediterranean basin. Conversely, strong genetic differentiation appeared in the Atlantic basin. Even if the species was mostly philopatric (97%), results suggest recent dispersal between basins, especially from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean (aprox. 10% of migrants/generation across the last two generations). Long-term gene flow analyses also suggested an historical exchange between basins (about 70 breeders/generation). Spatial analysis of genetic variation indicates that distance is not the main factor in shaping genetic structure in this species. Given our results we recommend gathering more data before concluded whether these taxa should be treated as two species or subspecies.
- Published
- 2013
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- View/download PDF
50. Contrasting effects of climatic variability on the demography of a trans-equatorial migratory seabird.
- Author
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Genovart M, Sanz-Aguilar A, Fernández-Chacón A, Igual JM, Pradel R, Forero MG, and Oro D
- Subjects
- Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Models, Biological, Time Factors, Animal Migration physiology, Charadriiformes physiology, Climate, Demography
- Abstract
Large-scale seasonal climatic indices, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index or the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), account for major variations in weather and climate around the world and may influence population dynamics in many organisms. However, assessing the extent of climate impacts on species and their life-history traits requires reliable quantitative statistical approaches. We used a new analytical tool in mark-recapture, the multi-event modelling, to simultaneously assess the influence of climatic variation on multiple demographic parameters (i.e. adult survival, transient probability, reproductive skipping and nest dispersal) at two Mediterranean colonies of the Cory's shearwater Calonectris diomedea, a trans-equatorial migratory long-lived seabird. We also analysed the impact of climate in the breeding success at the two colonies. We found a clear temporal variation of survival for Cory's shearwaters, strongly associated to the large-scale SOI especially in one of the colonies (up to 66% of variance explained). Atlantic hurricane season is modulated by the SOI and coincides with shearwater migration to their wintering areas, directly affecting survival probabilities. However, the SOI was a better predictor of survival probabilities than the frequency of hurricanes; thus, we cannot discard an indirect additive effect of SOI via food availability. Accordingly, the proportion of transients was also correlated with SOI values, indicating higher costs of first reproduction (resulting in either mortality or permanent dispersal) when bad environmental conditions occurred during winter before reproduction. Breeding success was also affected by climatic factors, the NAO explaining c. 41% of variance, probably as a result of its effect in the timing of peak abundance of squid and small pelagics, the main prey for shearwaters. No climatic effect was found either on reproductive skipping or on nest dispersal. Contrarily to what we expect for a long-lived organism, large-scale climatic indexes had a more pronounced effect on survival and transient probabilities than on less sensitive fitness parameters such reproductive skipping or nest dispersal probabilities. The potential increase in hurricane frequency because of global warming may interact with other global change agents (such as incidental bycatch and predation by alien species) nowadays impacting shearwaters, affecting future viability of populations., (© 2012 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology © 2012 British Ecological Society.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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