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We have achieved aerobic transformation of methane to C1 chemicals catalysed by a homogeneous organometallic catalyst with light energy input.

BACKGROUND: The commercialization of new insecticides is important for ensuring that multiple effective product choices are available. In particular, new insecticides that exhibit high potency and lack insecticidal cross-resistance are particularly useful in insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs. Sulfoxaflor possesses these characteristics and is the first compound under development from the novel sulfoxamine class of insecticides. RESULTS: In the laboratory, sulfoxaflor demonstrated high levels of insecticidal potency against a broad range of sap-feeding insect species. The potency of sulfoxaflor was comparable with that of commercial products, including neonicotinoids, for the control of a wide range of aphids, whiteflies (Homoptera) and true bugs (Heteroptera). Sulfoxaflor performed equally well in the laboratory against both insecticide-susceptible and insecticide-resistant populations of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, and brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), including populations resistant to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid. These laboratory efficacy trends were confirmed in field trials from multiple geographies and crops, and in populations of insects with histories of repeated exposure to insecticides. In particular, a sulfoxaflor use rate of 25 g ha−1 against cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) outperformed acetamiprid (25 g ha−1) and dicrotophos (560 g ha−1). Sulfoxaflor (50 g ha−1) provided a control of sweetpotato whitefly equivalent to that of acetamiprid (75 g ha−1) and imidacloprid (50 g ha−1) and better than that of thiamethoxam (50 g ha−1). CONCLUSION: The novel chemistry of sulfoxaflor, its unique biological spectrum of activity and its lack of cross-resistance highlight the potential of sulfoxaflor as an important new tool for the control of sap-feeding insect pests. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry

本研究は,長野県駒ケ根市の中央アルプス木曾駒ヶ岳(標高約2,600m)の高山型と,長野県上伊那郡南箕輪村の信州大学農学部周辺(標高約760m)の低地型マツノキハバチについて,1983∼1985年に幼虫と成虫の形態的形質の比較を試みたものである。幼虫の頭部の大きさおよび成虫の体長,頭部,翅および脚部の大きさをはじめとして,さらに幼虫の斑紋,腹部第3体節の小環節上における剛毛状小棘数,上唇前縁の形および成虫の触角節数,雄成虫の第9腹板の形,雌の産卵管の環帯の数などに両型の間にちがいがみられた。このように,両型はそれぞれ高山と低地という異なった環境に適応して生息しているために,標高差が両型の間の幼虫と成虫の形態的形質にかなりのちがいをもたらしたものと思われる。