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1. Final reports of the Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination

Author

Andrew J. Westphal, Hans A. Bechtel, Frank E. Brenker, Anna L. Butterworth, George Flynn, David R. Frank, Zack Gainsforth, Jon K. Hillier, Frank Postberg, Alexandre S. Simionovici, Veerle J. Sterken, Rhonda M. Stroud, Carlton Allen, David Anderson, Asna Ansari, Saša Bajt, Ron K. Bastien, Nabil Bassim, Janet Borg, John Bridges, Donald E. Brownlee, Mark Burchell, Manfred Burghammer, Hitesh Changela, Peter Cloetens, Andrew M. Davis, Ryan Doll, Christine Floss, Eberhard Grün, Philipp R. Heck, Peter Hoppe, Bruce Hudson, Joachim Huth, Brit Hvide, Anton Kearsley, Ashley J. King, Barry Lai, Jan Leitner, Laurence Lemelle, Hugues Leroux, Ariel Leonard, Robert Lettieri, William Marchant, Larry R. Nittler, Ryan Ogliore, Wei Ja Ong, Mark C. Price, Scott A. Sandford, Juan‐Angel Sans Tresseras, Sylvia Schmitz, Tom Schoonjans, Geert Silversmit, Vicente A. Solé, Ralf Srama, Frank Stadermann, Thomas Stephan, Julien Stodolna, Steven Sutton, Mario Trieloff, Peter Tsou, Akira Tsuchiyama, Tolek Tyliszczak, Bart Vekemans, Laszlo Vincze, Joshua Von Korff, Naomi Wordsworth, Daniel Zevin, and Michael E. Zolensky

Published
2014
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2. Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination IV: Scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy analyses of impact features in the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector

Author

Anna L. Butterworth, Andrew J. Westphal, Tolek Tyliszczak, Zack Gainsforth, Julien Stodolna, David R. Frank, Carlton Allen, David Anderson, Asna Ansari, Saša Bajt, Ron K. Bastien, Nabil Bassim, Hans A. Bechtel, Janet Borg, Frank E. Brenker, John Bridges, Donald E. Brownlee, Mark Burchell, Manfred Burghammer, Hitesh Changela, Peter Cloetens, Andrew M. Davis, Ryan Doll, Christine Floss, George Flynn, Eberhard Grün, Philipp R. Heck, Jon K. Hillier, Peter Hoppe, Bruce Hudson, Joachim Huth, Brit Hvide, Anton Kearsley, Ashley J. King, Barry Lai, Jan Leitner, Laurence Lemelle, Hugues Leroux, Ariel Leonard, Robert Lettieri, William Marchant, Larry R. Nittler, Ryan Ogliore, Wei Ja Ong, Frank Postberg, Mark C. Price, Scott A. Sandford, Juan‐Angel Sans͂ Tresseras, Sylvia Schmitz, Tom Schoonjans, Geert Silversmit, Alexandre S. Simionovici, Vicente A. Solé, Ralf Srama, Frank J. Stadermann, Thomas Stephan, Veerle J. Sterken, Rhonda M. Stroud, Steven Sutton, Mario Trieloff, Peter Tsou, Akira Tsuchiyama, Bart Vekemans, Laszlo Vincze, Joshua Von Korff, Naomi Wordsworth, Daniel Zevin, and Michael E. Zolensky

Published
2014
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3. Cometary Dust

Author

Anny-Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, Jessica Agarwal, Hervé Cottin, Cécile Engrand, George Flynn, Marco Fulle, Tamas Gombosi, Yves Langevin, Jérémie Lasue, Thurid Mannel, Sihane Merouane, Olivier Poch, Nicolas Thomas, Andrew Westphal, IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State University of New York at Plattsburgh (SUNY Plattsburgh), State University of New York (SUNY), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering (CLaSP), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics [Graz], University of Graz, Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, PLANETO - LATMOS, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Aggregates, Jupiter-family comets, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Nucleus, Article, Organics, 0103 physical sciences, Rosetta, Comets, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Coma, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 520 Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Dust, 620 Engineering, Stardust, respiratory tract diseases, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Trail
Abstract

International audience; This review presents our understanding of cometary dust at the end of 2017. For decades, insight about the dust ejected by nuclei of comets had stemmed from remote observations from Earth or Earth’s orbit, and from flybys, including the samples of dust returned to Earth for laboratory studies by the Stardust return capsule. The long-duration Rosetta mission has recently provided a huge and unique amount of data, obtained using numerous instruments, including innovative dust instruments, over a wide range of distances from the Sun and from the nucleus. The diverse approaches available to study dust in comets, together with the related theoretical and experimental studies, provide evidence of the composition and physical properties of dust particles, e.g., the presence of a large fraction of carbon in macromolecules, and of aggregates on a wide range of scales. The results have opened vivid discussions on the variety of dust-release processes and on the diversity of dust properties in comets, as well as on the formation of cometary dust, and on its presence in the near-Earth interplanetary medium. These discussions stress the significance of future explorations as a way to decipher the formation and evolution of our Solar System.

Published
2022
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7. Advancing U.S.-Australian Combined Amphibious Capabilities

Author

Maren Leed, J.D. McCreary, George Flynn, Maren Leed, J.D. McCreary, and George Flynn

Subjects
United States. Marine Corps--Operational readine, Australia. Australian Defence Force--Operational, E´tats-Unis. Marine Corps--E´tat de pre´paration, Australia. Australian Defence Force, United States. Marine Corps, Amphibious assault ships--United States, Amphibious assault ships--Australia, Amphibious warfare, Combined operations (Military science), Ope´rations amphibies
Abstract

The study examines the demand for amphibious capabilities in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region and explores the strategic and operational utility of various models for combined U.S. and Australian amphibious forces. The demand for amphibious capabilities reflects the operational and strategic challenges faced by the U.S. Marine Corps and Australian Defense Forces. Both nations have indicated the importance of deepening their strategic partnership, yet there has been a lack of clarity around the desired outcomes for and priority among the variety of cooperative activities.

Published
2015

13. One Stop Health Care Shopping? The Rise of 'McClinics' and Their Impact on Emergency Care

Author

George Flynn

Subjects
Balance (accounting), business.industry, PolyHeme, Health care, Emergency Medicine, medicine, Self care, Medical emergency, business, medicine.disease, Chief executive officer
Abstract

experience of the PolyHeme trial. “We have a conundrum in this country,” said Gould, Chief Executive Officer of Northfield. “It’s the balance between the need to respect patients’ rights and the need to conduct rigorous scientific studies in emergency life-threatening situations. Those are the opportunities for some of the greatest advances in care, and yet it is virtually impossible to do them with the traditional approach to informed consent.”

Published
2006
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16. The NIH Ethics Crackdown: A Message to the Research Community

Author

George Flynn

Subjects
Final version, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Public administration, Payment, Research community, Honorarium, Emergency Medicine, Medicine, Professional association, business, Press conference, Stock (geology), media_common, Pharmaceutical industry
Abstract

After two years of stinging disclosures about government scientists moonlighting for the pharmaceutical industry, the National Institutes of Health last August instituted new restrictions against financial conflicts of interest by its researchers. The agency had proposed even tougher regulations six months earlier, calling for an outright ban on biomedical stock ownership as well as honoraria or other monetary compensation for outside work and activities for industry. Following a flood of support for researchers from professional organizations, academics and even politicians who called the measures well intentioned but overly broad, the total ban was eased. Dr. Elias A. Zerhouni, the NIH director, conceded at a press conference that the earlier proposal may have been "calibrated a little too stringently." The final version limits the top 200 NIH officials and their families, rather than the 6,000 employees affected in the original proposal to no more than $15,000 in biomedical stock. Scientists are barred from outside consulting fees, while company-paid honoraria for some lectures and board memberships will be allowed if the payments are channeled through institutions such as hospitals as unrestricted grants.

Published
2006
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19. Proton and Ion Beams Generated with Picosecond CO[sub 2] Laser Pulses

Author

Igor Pogorelsky, Peter Shkolnikov, Min Chen, Alexander Pukhov, Vitaly Yakimenko, Paul McKenna, David Carroll, David Neely, Zulfikar Najmudin, Louise Willingale, Daniil Stolyarov, Elena Stolyarova, George Flynn, Carl B. Schroeder, Wim Leemans, and Eric Esarey

Subjects
Physics, Proton, Spectrometer, Ponderomotive force, Laser, law.invention, Ion, Acceleration, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Picosecond, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Irradiation, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

I-TW, 6-ps, circularly polarized CO(2) laser pulses focused onto thin Al foils are used to drive ion acceleration. The spectra of ions and protons generated in the direction normal to the rear surface, detected with a compact magnet spectrometer with CR39, reveals a broad proton high-energy peak at similar to 1 MeV. This observation conforms to the theoretical predictions that circularly polarized laser pulses are less efficient than linearly polarized pulses in driving ion acceleration via the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. Instead, there is evidence that the circularly polarized laser may provide direct ponderomotive acceleration of ions and protons. We report also the first application of the BNL proton source in nano-science. Irradiation of graphite and graphene films produced local defects and membranes for variety of applications.

Published
2009
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20. An Infrared Spectral Match Between GEMS and Interstellar Grains

Author

George Flynn, Theodore P. Snow, John P. Bradley, J. C. Gezo, Lindsay P. Keller, Donald E. Brownlee, Janet E. Bowey, Simon J. Clemett, and Martha S. Hanner

Subjects
Cosmic Dust, Solar System, Multidisciplinary, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Chemistry, Silicates, Molecular cloud, Young stellar object, Mineralogy, Meteoroids, Astrophysics, Spectral line, Interstellar medium, Interplanetary dust cloud, Magnesium Silicates, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Glass with embedded metal and sulfides, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cosmic dust
Abstract

Infrared spectral properties of silicate grains in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) were compared with those of astronomical silicates. The ∼10-micrometer silicon-oxygen stretch bands of IDPs containing enstatite (MgSiO3), forsterite (Mg2SiO4), and glass with embedded metal and sulfides (GEMS) exhibit fine structure and bandwidths similar to those of solar system comets and some pre–main sequence Herbig Ae/Be stars. Some GEMS exhibit a broad, featureless silicon-oxygen stretch band similar to those observed in interstellar molecular clouds and young stellar objects. These GEMS provide a spectral match to astronomical “amorphous” silicates, one of the fundamental building blocks from which the solar system is presumed to have formed.

Published
1999
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22. Physical, Chemical, and Mineralogical Properties of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Particles Collected by Stardust.

Author

George Flynn

Subjects
*ASTRONOMY, *COMETS, *SOLAR system, *PROPERTIES of matter
Abstract

Abstract  NASA’s Stardust spacecraft collected dust from the coma of Comet 81P/Wild 2 by impact into aerogel capture cells or into Al-foils. The first direct, laboratory measurement of the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of cometary dust grains ranging from −15 to ∼10−4 g were made on this dust. Deposition of material along the entry tracks in aerogel and the presence of compound craters in the Al-foils both indicate that many of the Wild 2 particles in the size range sampled by Stardust are weakly bound aggregates of a diverse range of minerals. Mineralogical characterization of fragments extracted from tracks indicates that most tracks were dominated by olivine, low-Ca pyroxene, or Fe-sulfides, although one track was dominated by refractory minerals similar to Ca–Al inclusions in primitive meteorites. Minor mineral phases, including Cu–Fe-sulfide, Fe–Zn-sulfide, carbonate and metal oxides, were found along some tracks. The high degree of variability of the element/Fe ratios for S, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ga among the 23 tracks from aerogel capture cells analyzed during Stardust Preliminary Examination is consistent with the mineralogical variability. This indicates Wild 2 particles have widely varying compositions at the largest size analyzed (>10 μm). Because Stardust collected particles from several jets, sampling material from different regions of the interior of Wild 2, these particles are expected to be representative of the non-volatile component of the comet over the size range sampled. Thus, the stream of particles associated with Comet Wild 2 contains individual grains of diverse elemental and mineralogical compositions, some rich in Fe and S, some in Mg, and others in Ca and Al. The mean refractory element abundance pattern in the Wild 2 particles that were examined is consistent with the CI meteorite pattern for Mg, Si, Cr, Fe, and Ni to 35%, and for Ca, Ti and Mn to 60%, but S/Si and Fe/Si both show a statistically significant depletion from the CI values and the moderately volatile elements Cu, Zn, Ga are enriched relative to CI. This elemental abundance pattern is similar to that in anhydrous, porous interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), suggesting that, if Wild 2 dust preserves the original composition of the Solar Nebula, the anhydrous, porous IDPs, not the CI meteorites, may best reflect the Solar Nebula abundances. This might be tested by elemental composition measurements on cometary meteors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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23. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METEORITES AND INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES: CLUES TO THE PROPERTIES OF THE METEORS AND THEIR PARENT BODIES.

Author

George Flynn

Abstract

Meteorites, generally 1 cm or larger in size that are believed to sample asteroids, and interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), generally 5–50 μm in size that are believed to sample both asteroids and comets, span the size range of the meteors. Thus, the physical properties of the meteorites and the IDPs are likely to constrain the properties of the meteors and their parent bodies. Measurements of the density, porosity, longitudinal and transverse speeds of sound, elastic modulus, and bulk modulus, as well as imaging of the internal structure by Computed Microtomography indicate that unweathered samples of chondritic meteorites are more porous and have lower sound velocities than compact terrestrial rocks. In general, the IDPs are even more porous than the chondritic meteorites. The impact energy per unit target mass required to produce a barely catastrophic disruption (Q*D) for anhydrous ordinary chondrite meteorites is twice that for terrestrial basalt or glass, indicating that collisional disruption of anhydrous meteorites requires more energy than for a compact basalt. These results indicate that most stone meteors are likely to be weak, porous objects, and that the parent bodies of the anhydrous stone meteorites are likely to be more difficult to disrupt than compact terrestrial basalt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005

26. The Escape of Pan Am's Pacific Clipper

Author

George Flynn and George Flynn

Subjects
World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations, Japanese, World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations, German
Abstract

The Pacific Clipper was launched on its maiden voyage around the world. This is a true story of adventure and suspense. In 1941, the Pacific Clipper was a technological marvel and the finest commercial plane in the air. Not only did Japan and Germany seek the capture of such a desirable prize, but our Allies and friends looked for ways of laying claim to her. Trapped in New Zealand after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, with all their Pacific bases under attack or captured, the valiant crew of eleven men challenged the Imperial Japanese Navy, 30,000 miles of uncharted waters, and the German Luftwaffe to try for a safe landing in America. With courage and skill, the crew of the Pacific Clipper eluded the pursuing Japanese through Australia, Indonesia, Ceylon, and India. In Iran, the Germans took up the chase through Egypt, the Congo, and Brazil. After a final stop at Trinidad, the heroic crew brought the Clipper home to New York and the final showdown. Lead by Captain Robert Ford, the Pacific Clipper and its crew flew across continents landing on lakes and rivers that had never seen a flying boat. Without arms, money or proper maintenance facilities, and under strict radio silence, they succeeded where most would have given up or failed. Their gripping tale and magnificent odyssey is captured by George Flynn and illustrated with maps, schematics, and technical data on this revolution­ary mono-wing seaplane.

Published
1997

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