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Additional file 2.

Additional file 1.

8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 577-579, In the race of ultra-high performance modules and the integration of novel cell architectures for bifacial configuration, many efforts are required in order to ensure module reliability and maintain low BOM cost, leading to research of new material families and configuration among PV module backsheet. Although, PVF and PET based backsheets are in use since several decades with well-established testing methods [1], new materials, surface treatments and manufacturing methods, such as co-extrusion, are rapidly emerging in the PV backsheets field. Therefore, the new backsheet samples require new testing methods and characterization strategy since their structure and physical properties differ from the commonly used backsheets in PV industry. In this paper, we present a three-stage investigation strategy on nine commercial backsheets intended to be integrated in heterojunction (SHJ) PV modules manufactured by 3SUN [2]. We characterize three different groups of backsheets: first group containing a coextruded PP backsheet, the second group covers PET based backsheets containing aluminum laminated layer and the third group about laminated PET based backsheets without aluminum layer. First stage is material level testing (optical, mechanical, adhesion, water absorption and tensile strength) enabling rapid ranking based on backsheet intrinsic properties. Second stage is accelerated aging testing in mini-module configuration while third stage is full-sized module testing. The material characterization allowed the conclusion that adhesion properties seem to have the most influence on final module behavior while we need to highlight that only the WVTR of backsheet material cannot predict the PV module behavior predictions in DH testing and adhesion strength plays a critical role.

37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 256-260, A premium photovoltaic module technology with high efficiency, high reliability, and low LCOE has been industrialized in Europe by Enel Green Power in the framework of the H2020 funded project AMPERE, acronym for Automated photovoltaic cell and Module industrial Production to regain and secure European Renewable Energy market.. An innovative full-scale automated 200MWp/y production line of innovative silicon heterojunction technology (HJT) PV bifacial cells and modules has been started up in 2019 in Catania (Italy). In this paper we report the main outcome of this successful project. All the processes, methods, techniques, automation systems developed in the project and used in production represent an innovation with respect to the market mainstream technologies and with respect to the current practice in PV industry. The manufacturing plant is actually representing a technological leap that revolutionizes the production of the system allowing a new line of European latest-generation bifacial photovoltaic HJT modules.

37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 346-349, A premium photovoltaic module technology with high efficiency, high reliability, and low LCOE has been industrialized in Europe by Enel Green Power through the AMPERE project. An innovative full-scale automated 200MWp/y production line of SHJ bifacial cells and modules has been started up in 2019 at the Enel Green Power 3SUN Fab in Catania (Italy). All the processes, methods, techniques, automation systems developed in the project and used in production represent an innovation with respect to the current practice in PV industry. Even if similar methodologies are currently used in other manufacturing fields, such as semiconductor or automotive manufacturing, the use of Industry 4.0 process control is absolutely innovative for the PV manufacturing process control. The implementation of a Manufacturing Execution System to assure the tracking and the traceability of the product is mandatory in a premium technology PV manufacturing fab, in order to optimize the efficiency of the production line and the asset utilization and to improve the quality of the finished product. In the present work we will focus on the usage of MES and of Process Control techniques in the manufacturing lines for yield and quality enhancement. A nonexhaustive selection of innovative process control tools are showed.

Acute appendicitis (AA) is among the most common causes of lower abdominal pain and admissions to the emergency department. Over the past 20 years, there has been a renewed interest in the conservative management of uncomplicated AA, and several studies demonstrated that an antibiotic-first strategy is a viable treatment option for uncomplicated AA. The aim of this prospective non-randomized controlled, multicenter trial is to compare antibiotic therapy and emergency appendectomy as treatment for patients with uncomplicated AA confirmed by US and/or CT or MRI scan. All adult patients in the age range 18 to 65 years with suspected AA, consecutively admitted to the Surgical Department of the 13 participating Italian Hospitals, will be invited to take part in the study. A multicenter prospective collected registry developed by surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists with expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis represents the best research method to assess the long-term role of antibiotics in the management of the disease. Comparison will be made between surgical and antibiotic-first approaches to uncomplicated AA through the analysis of the primary outcome measure of complication-free treatment success rate based on 1-year follow-up. Quality of life, length of hospital stay, pain evaluation, and time to return to normal activity will be evaluated as secondary outcome measures. Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03080103

36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 235-238, We report on recent results obtained within the HETNA project, a collaboration between CEA-INES and Enel Green Power for the deployment of silicon heterojunctions solar cells and modules technologies in the production lines at 3SUN 2.0 site. SHJ cells and modules produced on the CEA-INES pilot lines show narrow efficiency distributions and good response with material and process variations: cells average efficiency ranges from 21.2% to 21.8% with the four busbars design while module peak power ranges between 366W to 374W. Increasing number of busbars from 4 to 5 enabled fill factor (FF) improvement by 0.7% abs. at both cells and modules levels without affecting the module reliability after thermal cycling. Finally, we present best cell and module (72 cells, bifacial) results obtained in 2018 reaching 23.9% and 388.4W respectively.