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Your search keyword '"Germanovich, Leonid N."' showing total 112 results
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112 results on '"Germanovich, Leonid N."'

1. Notes on Propagation of 3D Buoyant Fluid-Driven Cracks

Author

Garagash, Dmitry I. and Germanovich, Leonid N.

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Magma-driven fractures are the main mechanism for magma emplacement in the crust. A fundamental question is how the released fluid controls the propagation dynamics and fracture geometry (depth and breadth) in three dimensions. Analog experiments in gelatin have shown that fracture breadth remains nearly stationary when the process in the fracture head (where breadth is controlled) is dominated by solid toughness, whereas viscous fluid dissipation is dominant in the fracture tail. We model propagation of the resulting buoyant, finger-like fracture of stationary breadth with a slowly varying opening along the crack length. The elastic response to fluid loading in a horizontal cross-section is local and can be treated similarly to the classical Perkins-Kern-Nordgren (PKN) model of hydraulic fracturing. The propagation condition for a finger-like crack is based on balancing the global energy release rate due to a unit crack extension with the rock fracture toughness. It allows us to relate the net fluid pressure at the tip to the fracture breadth and rock toughness. Unlike laterally propagating PKN fracture, where breadth is known a priori, the final breadth of a finger-like vertically ascending fracture is a result of processes in the fracture head. Because the head is much more open than the tail, viscous pressure drop in the head can be neglected leading to a 3D analog of Weertman hydrostatic pulse. This requires relaxing the local elasticity assumption of the PKN model in the fracture head. As a result, we resolve the breadth, and then match the viscosity-dominated tail with the three dimensions, toughness-dominated head to obtain a complete closed-form solution. We then analyze the buoyancy-driven fracture propagation in conditions of either continuous injection or finite volume release for sets of parameters representative of low viscosity magma diking.

Published
2022

15. Shallow Geologic Storage of Carbon to Remove Atmospheric CO2and Reduce Flood Risk

Author

Murdoch, Lawrence C., Germanovich, Leonid N., Slack, William W., Carbajales-Dale, Michael, Knight, Douglas, Moak, Robert, Laffaille, Clemence, DeWolf, Scott, and Roudini, Soheil

Abstract

Geologic carbon storage currently implies that CO2is injected into reservoirs more than 1 km deep, but this concept of geologic storage can be expanded to include the injection of solid, carbon-bearing particles into geologic formations that are one to two orders of magnitude shallower than conventional storage reservoirs. Wood is half carbon, available in large quantities at a modest cost, and can be milled into particles and injected as a slurry. We demonstrate the feasibility of shallow geologic storage of carbon by a field experiment, and the injection process also raises the ground surface. The resulting CO2storage and ground uplift rates upscale to a technique that could contribute to the mitigation of climate change by storing carbon as well as helping to adapt to flooding risks by elevating the ground surface above flood levels. A life-cycle assessment indicates that CO2emissions caused by shallow geologic storage of carbon are a small fraction of the injected carbon.

Published
2023
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30. Asymptotical analysis and Padé approximation in problems on diffusion-controlled cracks propagation

Author

Balueva, Alla V. and Germanovich, Leonid N.

Subjects
asymptotic analysis, propagación de grietas, lcsh:Mathematics, diffusion, difusión, crack propagation, análisis asintótico, lcsh:QA1-939, Padé approximation, aproximación de Padé, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

In this work, we consider the diffusion-controlled axisymmetric fracture in an infinite space, and half-space. An important example of diffusion-controlled fracture growth is given by hydrogen induced cracking. In metals, hydrogen is typically dissolved in the proton form. When protons reach the crack surface, they recombine with electrons and form molecular hydrogen in the crack cavity. Then, the fracture can propagate even in the absence of any external loading, that is, only under the excessive pressure of gas hydrogen accumulated inside the crack. Our results show that in the long-time asymptotic approximation (based on the quasi-static solution), the diffusion-controlled delamination propagates with constant velocity. We determine a maximum critical concentration that limits the use of the quasi-static solution. A transient solution, representing a short time asymptotic approximation, is used when the concentration of gas exceeds the critical concentration. We then match these two end-member cases by using the method of Padé approximations and present closed-form solutions for both internal and near-surface diffusion-controlled crack propagation at different time scales. En este trabajo, consideramos la fractura de difución controlada axisimétrica en un espacio infinito, y en el semiespacio. Un ejemplo importante del crecimiento de una fractura de difusión controlada es dado por el hidrógeno inducido en agrietamiento. En metales, el hidrógeno es típicamente disuelto en forma de protones. Cuando los protones alcanzan la superficie de la grieta, se recombinan con electrones y forman hidrógeno molecular en la cavidad de la grieta. Entonces, la fractura puede propagar aún en ausencia de cualquier carga externa, esto es, sólo bajo presión excesiva de gas hidrógeno acumulado dentro de la grieta.} Nuestros resultados muestran que en la aproximación asintótica a largo plazo (basada en la solución cuasiestática), la delaminación de difusión controlada propaga con velocidad constante. Nosotros determinamos una concentración crítica ́máxima que limita el uso de la solución cuasiestática. Una solución transitoria, que representa una aproximación asintótica de corto plazo, es usada cuando la concentración del gas excede la concentración crítica. Entonces apareamos estos dos casos usando el método de aproximaciones de Padé y presentamos soluciones en forma cerrada tanto para propagación de grietas de difusión controlada internas como cercanas a la superficie, en diferentes escalas de tiempo.

Published
2012

44. Using in situ vertical displacements to characterize changes in moisture load.

Author

Germanovich, Leonid N., Murdoch, Lawrence C., Freeman, Clay E., Thrash, Colby, and DeWolf, Scott

Subjects
SOIL moisture, EXTENSOMETER, ATMOSPHERIC pressure, WATER supply research
Abstract

Changes in soil moisture content alter the load on underlying material, and we have developed a technique for characterizing this effect by using an extensometer to measure the displacement caused by the load change. The extensometer is pushed into soil at depths of 5 m or more, and displacement between two anchors separated by ∼1.5 m is measured with a resolution of better than 0.01 μm (10−8 m). The instrument is sensitive to load changes at the ground surface within a radial distance that is roughly twice its depth, potentially providing a method for averaging changes in water content over hundreds of m2 or more. During a field trial at a site in South Carolina, compressive displacements in unsaturated saprolite were strongly correlated to rainfall with a calibration factor of 0.16 μm displacement per mm of rainfall ±0.002 μm/mm ( R2 = 0.95). Estimates of the net change in water volume per unit area made using the calibration factor from rainfall were similar to independent estimates of evapotranspiration. The technique was affected by barometric pressure variations, but the sensitivity was less than expected and does not hinder meaningful application. A companion instrument demonstrated the displacement signal was repeatable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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