18 results on '"Gervais W."'
Search Results
2. A multi-site collaborative study of the hostile priming effect
- Author
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Mccarthy, R, Gervais, W, Aczel, B, Al-Kire, R, Aveyard, M, Baraldo, S, Baruh, L, Basch, C, Baumert, A, Behler, A, Bettencourt, A, Bitar, A, Bouxom, H, Buck, A, Cemalcilar, Z, Chekroun, P, Chen, J, del Fresno-Diaz, A, Ducham, A, Edlund, J, Elbassiouny, A, Evans, T, Ewell, P, Forscher, P, Fuglestad, P, Hauck, L, Hawk, C, Hermann, A, Hines, B, Irumva, M, Jordan, L, Joy-Gaba, J, Haley, C, Kacmar, P, Kezer, M, Korner, R, Kosaka, M, Kovacs, M, Lair, E, Legal, J, Leighton, D, Magee, M, Markman, K, Martoncik, M, Muller, M, Norman, J, Olsen, J, Oyler, D, Phills, C, Ribeiro, G, Rohain, A, Sakaluk, J, Schutz, A, Toribio-Florez, D, Tsang, J, Vezzoli, M, Williams, C, Willis, G, Young, J, Zogmaister, C, McCarthy R., Gervais W., Aczel B., Al-Kire R. L., Aveyard M., Baraldo S. M., Baruh L., Basch C., Baumert A., Behler A., Bettencourt A., Bitar A., Bouxom H., Buck A., Cemalcilar Z., Chekroun P., Chen J. M., del Fresno-Diaz A., Ducham A., Edlund J. E., ElBassiouny A., Evans T. R., Ewell P. J., Forscher P. S., Fuglestad P. T., Hauck L., Hawk C. E., Hermann A. D., Hines B., Irumva M., Jordan L. N., Joy-Gaba J. A., Haley C., Kacmar P., Kezer M., Korner R., Kosaka M., Kovacs M., Lair E. C., Legal J. -B., Leighton D. C., Magee M. W., Markman K., Martoncik M., Muller M., Norman J. B., Olsen J., Oyler D., Phills C. E., Ribeiro G., Rohain A., Sakaluk J., Schutz A., Toribio-Florez D., Tsang J. -A., Vezzoli M., Williams C., Willis G. B., Young J., Zogmaister C., Mccarthy, R, Gervais, W, Aczel, B, Al-Kire, R, Aveyard, M, Baraldo, S, Baruh, L, Basch, C, Baumert, A, Behler, A, Bettencourt, A, Bitar, A, Bouxom, H, Buck, A, Cemalcilar, Z, Chekroun, P, Chen, J, del Fresno-Diaz, A, Ducham, A, Edlund, J, Elbassiouny, A, Evans, T, Ewell, P, Forscher, P, Fuglestad, P, Hauck, L, Hawk, C, Hermann, A, Hines, B, Irumva, M, Jordan, L, Joy-Gaba, J, Haley, C, Kacmar, P, Kezer, M, Korner, R, Kosaka, M, Kovacs, M, Lair, E, Legal, J, Leighton, D, Magee, M, Markman, K, Martoncik, M, Muller, M, Norman, J, Olsen, J, Oyler, D, Phills, C, Ribeiro, G, Rohain, A, Sakaluk, J, Schutz, A, Toribio-Florez, D, Tsang, J, Vezzoli, M, Williams, C, Willis, G, Young, J, Zogmaister, C, McCarthy R., Gervais W., Aczel B., Al-Kire R. L., Aveyard M., Baraldo S. M., Baruh L., Basch C., Baumert A., Behler A., Bettencourt A., Bitar A., Bouxom H., Buck A., Cemalcilar Z., Chekroun P., Chen J. M., del Fresno-Diaz A., Ducham A., Edlund J. E., ElBassiouny A., Evans T. R., Ewell P. J., Forscher P. S., Fuglestad P. T., Hauck L., Hawk C. E., Hermann A. D., Hines B., Irumva M., Jordan L. N., Joy-Gaba J. A., Haley C., Kacmar P., Kezer M., Korner R., Kosaka M., Kovacs M., Lair E. C., Legal J. -B., Leighton D. C., Magee M. W., Markman K., Martoncik M., Muller M., Norman J. B., Olsen J., Oyler D., Phills C. E., Ribeiro G., Rohain A., Sakaluk J., Schutz A., Toribio-Florez D., Tsang J. -A., Vezzoli M., Williams C., Willis G. B., Young J., and Zogmaister C.
- Abstract
In a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 2018) that closely followed the methods described by Srull and Wyer (1979) found a hostile priming effect that was nearly zero, which casts doubt on whether these methods reliably produce an effect. To address some limitations with McCarthy et al. (2018), the current multi-site collaborative study included data collected from 29 labs. Each lab conducted a close replication (total N = 2,123) and a conceptual replication (total N = 2,579) of Srull and Wyer's methods. The hostile priming effect for both the close replication (d = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.22], z = 1.34, p =.16) and the conceptual replication (d = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.15], z = 1.15, p =.58) were not significantly different from zero and, if the true effects are non-zero, were smaller than what most labs could feasibly and routinely detect. Despite our best efforts to produce favorable conditions for the effect to emerge, we did not detect a hostile priming effect. We suggest that researchers should not invest more resources into trying to detect a hostile priming effect using methods like those described in Srull and Wyer (1979).
- Published
- 2021
3. The effects of water and microstructure on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells
- Author
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Shah, A.A., Kim, G.-S., Gervais, W., Young, A., Promislow, K., Li, J., and Ye, S.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Double duty: Pilots in the Eighth (Air Force)
- Author
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Ford, Gervais W. and Scanlon, James J.
- Subjects
AIR FORCE, 8th - History ,PILOTS - History ,WORLD WAR II - United States - Abstract
por illus tab
- Published
- 1995
5. Corrected analyses show that moralizing gods precede complex societies but serious data concerns remain : In reply to 'Complex societies precede moralizing gods throughout world history'
- Author
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Beheim, B., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4653-3155, Atkinson, Q., Bulbulia, J., Gervais, W., Gray, R., Henrich, J., Lang, M., Monroe, M., Muthukrishna, M., Norenzayan, A., Purzycki, B., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-7360, Shariff, A., Slingerland, E., Spicer, R., and Willard, A.
- Published
- 2019
6. Analytic atheism: A cross-culturally weak and fickle phenomenon?
- Author
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Gervais, W. M., Elk, M., Dimitris Xygalatas, Mckay, R. T., Aveyard, M., Buchtel, E. E., Dar-Nimrod, I., Klocová, E. K., Ramsay, J. E., Riekki, T., Svedholm-Häkkinen, A. M., Bulbulia, J., and Sociale Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG)
- Abstract
Religious belief is a topic of longstanding interest to psychological science, but the psychology of religious disbelief is a relative newcomer. One prominently discussed model is analytic atheism, wherein cognitive reflection, as measured with the Cognitive Reflection Test, overrides religious intuitions and instruction. Consistent with this model, performance-based measures of cognitive reflection predict religious disbelief in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, & Democratic) samples. However, the generality of analytic atheism remains unknown. Drawing on a large global sample (N = 3461) from 13 religiously, demographically, and culturally diverse societies, we find that analytic atheism as usually assessed is in fact quite fickle cross-culturally, appearing robustly nly in aggregate analyses and in three individual countries. The results rovide dditional evidence for culture’s effects on core beliefs.
- Published
- 2018
7. For the Record: DOUBLE DUTY PILOTS IN THE EIGHTH
- Author
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Ford, Gervais W. and Scanlon, James J.
- Published
- 1995
8. LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF TONSIL CRYPTS AS OBTAINED BY THE WET SUCTION TECHNIC
- Author
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Gervais W. Mcauliffe and Marguerite Leask
- Subjects
Suction (medicine) ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Necrosis ,Crypt ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Oxygen tension ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,stomatognathic system ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Tonsil ,medicine ,Surgery ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
There are numerous and divergent opinions concerning infection of the tonsil, but the majority seem to agree on the presence of cryptal plugs as a factor. Cryptal plugs are conducive to tonsillar infection because they block the passage through which the tonsil normally rids itself of cells and bacteria. They provide an environment of warmth, moisture, nutriment and varying degrees of oxygen tension, which is ideal for the growth, propagation and colonization of both aerobic and anaerobic organisms, and favor the retention and absorption of toxic metabolic products. Many of these, notably members of the Fusiformis group, are capable of causing necrosis in the deep epithelial lining of the crypt, with ensuing tonsillar infection. Aeration and circulation are interfered with, causing pressure on contiguous tissues and capillaries, a condition which may in turn produce congestion, inflammation and thrombosis. In 1933, Dr. Otto Kahler 1 published an extensive review of the tonsil
- Published
- 1941
9. AEROSOL PENICILLIN ADMINISTERED IN PARANASAL SINUSITIS WITH BALANCED SUCTION AND PRESSURE
- Author
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George C. Mueller and Gervais W. Mcauliffe
- Subjects
Aerosols ,Suction (medicine) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,business.industry ,Antibiotics ,Penicillins ,General Medicine ,Suction ,Penicillin ,Paranasal sinuses ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Anesthesia ,Air content ,Pressure ,medicine ,Paranasal sinusitis ,Surgery ,Sinusitis ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
PENICILLIN has become an antibiotic substance most widely used for the control of local or general infection. This popularity has been achieved because of its comparative lack of toxicity and its superlative performance. It has been reported that penicillin is effective in the treatment of acute and chronic infections of the paranasal sinuses when given in solution by the intra-muscular route and when inhaled in the form of penicillin aerosol. An apparatus is described in this paper that replaces the air content of the paranasal sinuses with penicillin mist by the use of balanced suction and pressure. Nebulization of various drugs has been practiced for many years and more intensively in the field of otolaryngology than in that of any other branch of medicine. Shortly after the discovery of the therapeutic use of penicillin, attempts at nebulization and studies of the effect of the nebulized substance on infection were started.
- Published
- 1947
10. AEROSOL PENICILLIN ADMINISTERED IN PARANASAL SINUSITIS WITH BALANCED SUCTION AND PRESSURE
- Author
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MCAULIFFE, GERVAIS W. and MUELLER, GEORGE C.
- Abstract
PENICILLIN has become an antibiotic substance most widely used for the control of local or general infection. This popularity has been achieved because of its comparative lack of toxicity and its superlative performance.It has been reported that penicillin is effective in the treatment of acute and chronic infections of the paranasal sinuses when given in solution by the intra-muscular route and when inhaled in the form of penicillin aerosol. An apparatus is described in this paper that replaces the air content of the paranasal sinuses with penicillin mist by the use of balanced suction and pressure.Nebulization of various drugs has been practiced for many years and more intensively in the field of otolaryngology than in that of any other branch of medicine. Shortly after the discovery of the therapeutic use of penicillin, attempts at nebulization and studies of the effect of the nebulized substance on infection were started.
- Published
- 1947
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF TONSIL CRYPTS AS OBTAINED BY THE WET SUCTION TECHNIC
- Author
-
MCAULIFFE, GERVAIS W. and LEASK, MARGUERITE
- Abstract
There are numerous and divergent opinions concerning infection of the tonsil, but the majority seem to agree on the presence of cryptal plugs as a factor. Cryptal plugs are conducive to tonsillar infection because they block the passage through which the tonsil normally rids itself of cells and bacteria. They provide an environment of warmth, moisture, nutriment and varying degrees of oxygen tension, which is ideal for the growth, propagation and colonization of both aerobic and anaerobic organisms, and favor the retention and absorption of toxic metabolic products. Many of these, notably members of the Fusiformis group, are capable of causing necrosis in the deep epithelial lining of the crypt, with ensuing tonsillar infection. Aeration and circulation are interfered with, causing pressure on contiguous tissues and capillaries, a condition which may in turn produce congestion, inflammation and thrombosis.In 1933, Dr. Otto Kahler1 published an extensive review of the tonsil
- Published
- 1941
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. A multi-site collaborative study of the hostile priming effect
- Author
-
Jasmine B. Norman, Peggy Chekroun, Hugo Bouxom, Gianni Ribeiro, Muriel Kosaka, Bryon Hines, Curtis E. Phills, Martin Müller, Ann Bettencourt, John E. Edlund, Anthony D. Hermann, Marton Kovacs, Randy J. McCarthy, Paul T. Fuglestad, Jason Young, Keith D. Markman, Alia Rohain, Catherine Haley, Mark Aveyard, Pavol Kačmár, Ashley Buck, Cristina Zogmaister, Ángel del Fresno-Díaz, Silvia Marcella Baraldo, Anna Maria C. Behler, Alec Ducham, Robert Körner, Amanda ElBassiouny, Lauren Hauck, Jo-Ann Tsang, John Kitchener Sakaluk, Michela Vezzoli, Balazs Aczel, Patrick J. Ewell, Murat Kezer, Jacqueline M. Chen, Dana C. Leighton, Zeynep Cemalcilar, Christopher E. Hawk, Lauren N. Jordan, Daniel Toribio-Flórez, Lemi Baruh, Adam Bitar, Astrid Schütz, Rosemary L. Al-Kire, Thomas Rhys Evans, Anna Baumert, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Patrick S. Forscher, Charlotte Basch, Mukunzi Irumva, Elicia C. Lair, Michael W. Magee, Marcel Martončik, Will M. Gervais, Danielle L. Oyler, Caitlin Williams, Guillermo B. Willis, Jerome Olsen, Baruh, Lemi (ORCID 0000-0002-2797-242X & YÖK ID 36113), Cemalcılar, Zeynep (ORCID 0000-0002-0886-7982 & YÖK ID 40374), Kezer, Murat, McCarthy, Randy, Gervais, Will, Aczel, Balazs, Al-Kire, Rosemary L., Aveyard, Mark, Baraldo, Silvia Marcella, Basch, Charlotte, Baumert, Anna, Bettencourt, Ann, Bitar, Adam, Bouxom, Hugo, Buck, Ashley, Chekroun, Peggy, Chen, Jacqueline M., del Fresno-Diaz, Angel, Ducham, Alec, Edlund, John E., ElBassiouny, Amanda, Evans, Thomas Rhys, Ewell, Patrick J., Forscher, Patrick S., Fuglestad, Paul T., Hauck, Lauren, Hawk, Christopher E., Hermann, Anthony D., Hines, Bryon, Irumva, Mukunzi, Jordan, Lauren N., Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Haley, Catherine, Kacmar, Pavol, Koerner, Robert, Kosaka, Muriel, Kovacs, Marton, Lair, Elicia C., Legal, Jean-Baptiste, Leighton, Dana C., Magee, Michael W., Markman, Keith, Martoncik, Marcel Mueller, Martin, Norman, Jasmine B., Olsen, Jerome, Oyler, Danielle, Phills, Curtis E., Ribeiro, Gianni, Rohain, Alia, Sakaluk, John, Schuetz, Astrid, Toribio-Florez, Daniel, Tsang, Jo-Ann, Vezzoli, Michela, Williams, Caitlin, Willis, Guillermo B., Young, Jason, Zogmaister, Cristina, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Mccarthy, R, Gervais, W, Aczel, B, Al-Kire, R, Aveyard, M, Baraldo, S, Baruh, L, Basch, C, Baumert, A, Behler, A, Bettencourt, A, Bitar, A, Bouxom, H, Buck, A, Cemalcilar, Z, Chekroun, P, Chen, J, del Fresno-Diaz, A, Ducham, A, Edlund, J, Elbassiouny, A, Evans, T, Ewell, P, Forscher, P, Fuglestad, P, Hauck, L, Hawk, C, Hermann, A, Hines, B, Irumva, M, Jordan, L, Joy-Gaba, J, Haley, C, Kacmar, P, Kezer, M, Korner, R, Kosaka, M, Kovacs, M, Lair, E, Legal, J, Leighton, D, Magee, M, Markman, K, Martoncik, M, Muller, M, Norman, J, Olsen, J, Oyler, D, Phills, C, Ribeiro, G, Rohain, A, Sakaluk, J, Schutz, A, Toribio-Florez, D, Tsang, J, Vezzoli, M, Williams, C, Willis, G, Young, J, Zogmaister, C, and Toribio-Flórez, Daniel
- Subjects
Hostile attribution ,Hostile perception ,Social judgment ,05 social sciences ,Multi site ,Replication ,050109 social psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Crowdsourcing ,Hostile attributions ,Hostile perceptions ,Priming ,Social judgments ,Social priming ,M-PSI/03 - PSICOMETRIA ,Social cognition ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,M-PSI/01 - PSICOLOGIA GENERALE ,Priming (psychology) ,Social psychology ,General Psychology ,M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE - Abstract
In a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 2018) that closely followed the methods described by Srull and Wyer (1979) found a hostile priming effect that was nearly zero, which casts doubt on whether these methods reliably produce an effect. To address some limitations with McCarthy et al. (2018), the current multi-site collaborative study included data collected from 29 labs. Each lab conducted a close replication (total N = 2,123) and a conceptual replication (total N = 2,579) of Srull and Wyer's methods. The hostile priming effect for both the close replication (d = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.22], z = 1.34, p =.16) and the conceptual replication (d = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.15], z = 1.15, p =.58) were not significantly different from zero and, if the true effects are non-zero, were smaller than what most labs could feasibly and routinely detect. Despite our best efforts to produce favorable conditions for the effect to emerge, we did not detect a hostile priming effect. We suggest that researchers should not invest more resources into trying to detect a hostile priming effect using methods like those described in Srull and Wyer (1979)., NA
- Published
- 2021
13. Effect of serious games over conventional therapy in the rehabilitation of people with multiple sclerosis - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Saragih ID, Gervais W, Lamora JP, Batcho CS, and Everard G
- Abstract
Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the effect of serious games over conventional therapy on upper-limb activity, balance, gait, fatigue, and cognitive functions in people with multiple sclerosis., Materials and Methods: Search strategies were developed for PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Studies were selected if participants were adults with multiple sclerosis; the intervention consisted of a virtual reality serious game-based program; the control group received conventional therapy; outcomes included upper limb activity, balance, gait, fatigue, or cognitive functions; and used a randomized controlled trial design. Data were synthesized using a standardized mean difference with a random-effects model., Results: From 2532 studies, seventeen trials were selected ( n = 740). Overall, serious games programs effect on upper limb activity, gait, verbal memory, verbal fluency and attention seemed neutral. Balance functions appeared to be improved by semi-immersive virtual reality serious games (SMD = 0.48;95%CI = 0.12-0.84; p = 0.01;I
2 =0%), fatigue by treadmill serious games (SMD = 0.80;95%CI = 0.40-1.20; p < 0.001) and visuo-spatial memory by semi-immersive virtual reality general cognitive serious games (SMD = 0.35;95%CI = 0.04-0.65; p = 0.03;I2 =0%)., Conclusion: This review suggests, with a very-low-to-low certainty of evidence, that while some specific serious games may improve balance, fatigue and visuo-spatial memory, their overall effect on upper limb activity, gait, and other cognitive functions appears neutral.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Methodological concerns underlying a lack of evidence for cultural heterogeneity in the replication of psychological effects.
- Author
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Schimmelpfennig R, Spicer R, White CJM, Gervais W, Norenzayan A, Heine S, Henrich J, and Muthukrishna M
- Abstract
The multi-site replication study, Many Labs 2, concluded that sample location and setting did not substantially affect the replicability of findings. Here, we examine theoretical and methodological considerations for a subset of the analyses, namely exploratory tests of heterogeneity in the replicability of studies between "WEIRD and less-WEIRD cultures". We conducted a review of literature citing the study, a re-examination of the existing cultural variability, a power stimulation for detecting cultural heterogeneity, and re-analyses of the original exploratory tests. Findings indicate little cultural variability and low power to detect cultural heterogeneity effects in the Many Labs 2 data, yet the literature review indicates the study is cited regarding the moderating role of culture. Our reanalysis of the data found that using different operationalizations of culture slightly increased effect sizes but did not substantially alter the conclusions of Many Labs 2. Future studies of cultural heterogeneity can be improved with theoretical consideration of which effects and which cultures are likely to show variation as well as a priori methodological planning for appropriate operationalizations of culture and sufficient power to detect effects., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. 'So Help Me God'? Does oath swearing in courtroom scenarios impact trial outcomes?
- Author
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McKay RT, Gervais W, and Davis CJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Decision Making, Criminal Law
- Abstract
In countries such as Britain and the US, court witnesses must declare they will provide truthful evidence and are often compelled to publicly choose between religious ("oath") and secular ("affirmation") versions of this declaration. Might defendants who opt to swear an oath enjoy more favourable outcomes than those who choose to affirm? Two preliminary, pre-registered survey studies using minimal vignettes (Study 1, N = 443; Study 2, N = 913) indicated that people associate choice of the oath with credible testimony; and that participants, especially religious participants, discriminate against defendants who affirm. In a third, Registered Report study (Study 3, N = 1821), we used a more elaborate audiovisual mock trial paradigm to better estimate the real-world influence of declaration choice. Participants were asked to render a verdict for a defendant who either swore or affirmed, and were themselves required to swear or affirm that they would try the defendant in good faith. Overall, the defendant was not considered guiltier when affirming rather than swearing, nor did mock-juror belief in God moderate this effect. However, jurors who themselves swore an oath did discriminate against the affirming defendant. Exploratory analyses suggest this effect may be driven by authoritarianism, perhaps because high-authoritarian jurors consider the oath the traditional (and therefore correct) declaration to choose. We discuss the real-world implications of these findings and conclude the religious oath is an antiquated legal ritual that needs reform., (© 2023 The Authors. British Journal of Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The British Psychological Society.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. "It Can Be Magic:" Creating Age Awareness Through Contemporary Dance.
- Author
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Markula P, Metzger K, Bliss T, Gervais W, Rintoul MA, and Vandkerkhove J
- Abstract
Professional dancers typically retire before age 40. Although the physical requirements for dance performance are often considered the reason for retirement, there is an increasing number dance researchers who demonstrate that the idealization of youthfulness on the stage is also a result of complex cultural, social, and economic realities and as such, in need of critique. As a group of mature women dancers who continue to perform, we aim to critique the idealization of youthfulness as a form of ageism in professional dance. In this paper, we present findings from our feminist memory-work study in which we critically reflected the rehearsals and performance of a choreography titled "Initiation." We detail three main themes-"It Will Only Get Worse;" "It Can Be Magic;" "Once a Dancer Always a Dancer"-that emerged from our study. We conclude that we gained critical awareness of the gendered and ageist construction of dance as a performing art. As a result, we now feel empowered to continue our work as mature dance artists., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Markula, Metzger, Bliss, Gervais, Rintoul and Vandkerkhove.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Treatment of missing data determined conclusions regarding moralizing gods.
- Author
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Beheim B, Atkinson QD, Bulbulia J, Gervais W, Gray RD, Henrich J, Lang M, Monroe MW, Muthukrishna M, Norenzayan A, Purzycki BG, Shariff A, Slingerland E, Spicer R, and Willard AK
- Subjects
- Morals, Religion
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Mentalizing skills do not differentiate believers from non-believers, but credibility enhancing displays do.
- Author
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Maij DLR, van Harreveld F, Gervais W, Schrag Y, Mohr C, and van Elk M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Religion and Psychology, Self Efficacy
- Abstract
The ability to mentalize has been marked as an important cognitive mechanism enabling belief in supernatural agents. In five studies we cross-culturally investigated the relationship between mentalizing and belief in supernatural agents with large sample sizes (over 67,000 participants in total) and different operationalizations of mentalizing. The relative importance of mentalizing for endorsing supernatural beliefs was directly compared with credibility enhancing displays-the extent to which people observed credible religious acts during their upbringing. We also compared autistic with neurotypical adolescents. The empathy quotient and the autism-spectrum quotient were not predictive of belief in supernatural agents in all countries (i.e., The Netherlands, Switzerland and the United States), although we did observe a curvilinear effect in the United States. We further observed a strong influence of credibility enhancing displays on belief in supernatural agents. These findings highlight the importance of cultural learning for acquiring supernatural beliefs and ask for reconsiderations of the importance of mentalizing.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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