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Despite the successes of modern obstetrics and perinatology, stillbirth occupies one of the leading places inthe structure of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Today, every 5-6 women lose a pregnancy, and the majority of spontaneous miscarriages occur in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.The aim of the study is to examine the peculiarities of the course of the gestation period, childbirth and the condition of newborns in patients with a threat of early termination of pregnancy.Materials and methods. We carried out a retrospective analysis of 100 individual charts of pregnant and parturient women with a threat of abortion in the 1st trimester of pregnancy (the main group). In 40 patients (subgroup I), the threat of termination of pregnancy was accompanied by bleeding, in 60 – the threat of termination without bleeding was diagnosed (subgroup II).The control group consisted of 50 pregnant women with the physiological course of the first trimester of pregnancy. Statisticalanalysis was performed according to generally accepted methods of variational statistics. Reliability was assessed by Student's t-test.Differences were considered significant at a significance level of p≤0.05.The conduct of research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the BSMU, which is confirmed by the protocol of the Commission on Biomedical Ethics regarding the observance of moral and legal rules for conducting medical scientific research.Processing of personal data was carried out after receiving the patient's informed consent.Results and their discussion. The research groups were representative in terms of residence, social status, and education. Menstrual and reproductive anamnesis data in the main and control groups also did not differ significantly. The rate of spontaneous abortions and terminations of pregnancy according to medical indications was significantly higher in women with threatened termination of pregnancy both with and without bleeding compared to controls. Patients of the main group had a significantly higher history of both gynecological diseases and extragenital pathology.Pregnant women with retrochorial hematoma and bleeding accounted for 70%, in 30% of women in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, in the presence of bloody secretions, retrochorial hematoma was not diagnosed. The percentage of asymptomatic retrochorial hematomas was 15%. Anomalous location of the chorion in the 1st trimester of pregnancy was diagnosed much more often in the 1st and 2nd subgroups.The analysis of the further course of pregnancy in women with episodes of miscarriage in the early stages of gestation showed that in the main group the level of perinatal complications, such as the threat of premature birth (30%), placental dysfunction (38%), preeclampsia (11%), fetal distress (20%), SZRP (19%) was significantly higher. Accordingly, the rates of premature birth (13%), fetal distress (25%), and labor anomalies (10%) were higher in childbirth.When analyzing the condition of children at birth, the level of moderate asphyxia in the main group was higher than in the control group (8±2.7% and 0%, respectively). The average weight of full-term newborns in the study group was significantly lower (3020.0±21.4) than that of children in the control group (3685.0±28.1 g) (p, Незважаючи на успіхи сучасного акушерства та перинатології, невиношування займає одне з провідних місць в структурі перинатальної захворюваності та смертності. Сьогодні кожна 5-6 жінка втрачає вагітність, при чому переважна кількість самовільних викиднів припадає на І триместр гестації.Мета дослідження – вивчити особливості перебігу гестаційного періоду, пологів та стану новонароджених у пацієнток із загрозою переривання вагітності в ранні терміни.Матеріали та методи. Нами проведений ретроспективний аналіз 100 індивідуальних карт вагітної та породілі із загрозою переривання вагітності в І триместрі гестації (основна група). У 40 пацієнток (І підгрупа) загроза переривання вагітності супроводжувалася кровотечею, у 60 – була діагностована загроза переривання без кровотечі (ІІ підгрупа). Контрольну групу склали 50 вагітних з фізіологічним перебігом Ітриместру гестації. Статистичний аналіз виконували за загальноприйнятими методами варіаційної статистики. Достовірність оцінювали за t-критерієм Стьюдента. Відмінності визнавали істотними при рівні значущості р≤0,05.Проведення досліджень погоджене Етичним комітетом БДМУ, що підтверджується протоколом Комісії з питань біомедичної етики щодо дотримання морально-правових правил проведення медичних наукових досліджень. Обробку персональних даних здійснювали після отримання інформованої згоди пацієнтки.Результати та їх обговорення. Групи досліджених були репрезентативні за помешканням, соціальним статусом та освітою. Дані менструального та репродуктивного анамнезу в основній і в контрольній групі також достовірно не відрізнялися. Рівень самовільних абортів і переривань вагітності за медичними показами був достовірно вищим у жінок із загрозою переривання вагітності як з кровотечею, так і без у порівнянні з контролем. Пацієнтки основної групи в анамнезі мали достовірно вищу частоту як гінекологічних захворювань, так і екстрагенітальної патології.Вагітні з ретрохоріальною гематомою і кровотечею склали 70%, у 30% жінок в І триместрі гестації при наявності кров'янистих виділень ретрохоріальна гематома не була діагностована. Відсоток безсимптомних ретрохоріальних гематом склав 15%. Аномальне розташування хоріону в І триместрі гестації значно частіше було діагностовано в І та ІІ підгрупах.Аналіз подальшого перебігу вагітності у жінок з епізодами невиношування в ранні терміни гестації показав, що в основній групі рівень перинатальних ускладнень, таких як загроза передчасних пологів (30%), плацентарна дисфункція (38%), прееклампсія (11%), дистрес плода (20%), синдром затримки розвитку плода (СЗРП) (19%) був достовірно вищим. Відповідно вищими в пологах були і показники передчасних пологів (13%), дистресу плода (25%), аномалій пологової діяльності (10%).При аналізі стану дітей при народженні рівень помірної асфіксії в основній групі був вищим, ніж у контролі (відповідно 8±2,7% та 0%). Середня маса доношених новонароджених у досліджуваній групі була достовірно меншою (3020,0±21,4), ніж у дітей контрольної групи (3685,0±28,1 г) (р

Objective: To explore the law of birth and yang deficiency constitution based on the theory of five movements and six qi, as well as to provide a new way to better realize the prevention of yang deficiency constitution. Methods: The data of TCM quality table and luck data were collected via questionnaires. According to the data of from the TCM quality table, the respondents were divided into yang deficiency constitution group and non-yang deficiency group. According to the luck data, the distributions of gestational age were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 175 questionnaires were collected, of which 89 were non-yang deficiency constitution and 86 were yang deficiency constitution. The proportion of Ding year (15.1%) in the yang deficiency group was significantly higher than that in non-yang deficiency group (5.6%), in which the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The possibility of yang deficiency constitution is higher.

Introduction. Issues of etiopathogenesis for various cardiovascular disorders in the structure of extragenital diseases during pregnancy pose an urgent problem and represent a global topic for further scientific research. Due to the high frequency of heart rhythm disorders in pregnant women, it is necessary to improve their management.Aim: to analyze data from the current literature on the etiopathogenesis of arrhythmias during gestation and effective methods of their correction.Materials and Methods. Literature sources of electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Medscape, Google Scholar, Embase, Ovid Healthstar, Cochrane, eLibrary, CyberLeninka and scientific articles in peer-reviewed open access journals published across the last 25 years, including basic research on this pathology have been analyzed. The search in databases used keywords and their combinations in Russian and English: "arrhythmias", "arrhythmias in pregnancy", "pathogenesis of gestational arrhythmias".Results. There have been analyzed major aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of gestational arrhythmias as well as potential causes for developing first-time rhythm disorders in pregnant women and features of the gestational period as a predictor of emerging arrhythmias in patients with pre-existing pathology of the cardiovascular system are determined. The article describes the most common rhythm disorders and acceptable ways to correct them, taking into account the latest recommendations and research in this area.Conclusion. The authors concluded that the etiopathogenesis of rhythm disorders during pregnancy and their treatment methods require further examination.

INTRODUÇÃO: O período gestacional caracteriza-se como um momento de grandes eventos fisiológicos, assim como também o período puerperal, que traz consigo grandes mudanças físicas e psicológicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de alterações posturais e nível de dor em mães com bebês de colo. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Pesquisa transversal, de caráter descritivo e abordagem quantitativa, que foi desenvolvida com mães que participavam do acompanhamento de puericultura e aleitamento materno durante novembro de 2018 numa frequência de três vezes por semana. Para coleta dos dados, utilizou-se um formulário sociodemográfico para colher algumas informações pessoais; o Instrumento de Avaliação Postural (IAP) a Escala Analógica Visual de Dor (EVA). Os dados categóricos foram apresentados através de frequência simples e absolutas, seguidos da utilização do teste Qui-quadrado (?²) de Pearson para a associação entre o nível de dor com as variáveis dependentes. RESULTADOS: A idade das mães manteve-se entre 18 e 35 anos, com nível de escolaridade completo, e a maioria sem atividade ocupacional. Observou-se que, apesar do estudo não apresentar associação significativa entre os hábitos posturais e o nível de dor, este sintoma esteve presente em 73,5 % das mulheres e prevaleceu em níveis de moderada (n=26) à intensa (n=24), mantendo uma relação discreta com alguns tipos de desvios. A alteração postural mais prevalente foi a hiperlordose lombar (69,1%). CONCLUSÃO: foi possível perceber que a dor e os desvios posturais estão presentes em mulheres com bebês de colo, sendo necessário pensar em intervenções com esse enfoque para este grupo.

There is an urgent need to better understand the micronutrient demands of pregnancy due to the complex physiological adaptations during the gestational period and the importance of micronutrients in maternal-fetal health. Rigorous studies of micronutrients in pregnancy are significantly lacking due to a number of issues including the exclusion of pregnant people in research, methodological barriers to studying micronutrients, and the multidisciplinary expertise required for such studies. Stable isotopes present a unique methodological opportunity to quantify pregnancy-related changes in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of micronutrients. We demonstrate here through a rapid review of the published literature that this approach is dramatically underutilized outside of calcium. In this perspective, we discuss the use of stable isotopes to study micronutrient physiology and our experiences in addressing the need for more studies in this area. Finally, we discuss how we might overcome major barriers to move toward a better understanding of micronutrient physiology in pregnancy.

The management of obstetric health is a delicate issue in Cameroon where the use of obstetric care takes into consideration several parameters such as socio-cultural, economic, and medical ethical constraints. As a result, populations are divided between the biomedical obstetric care system and the traditional one. This implies a diversification of therapeutic routes. As a result of advances in biomedicine and obstetrics, the biomedical system has taken over the monopoly of expertise in this field. However, through traditional methods, means, and elements of nature, people in developing countries are investing in the quest for health. The field of obstetrics is no exception to this approach whereby Africans, especially the Bamoun, seek solutions to their health problems. However, this approach is, according to the biomedical obstetric system, its prerogative, because it is the only one to hold the secrets and cogs of a sensitive and complex practice. Faced with two «incompatible» medical cultures that still covet the same object that is obstetric health, can we not think of a possible complementarity between these two systems of care? Through a study on the use of modern and/or traditional oxytocics during the gestational period in Bamoun women from West Cameroon, this work aims to analyse the reasons for the «supposed» incompatibility between these two care systems and highlight the failures or limitations and benefits of oxytocics on a case-by-case basis in these care systems. This article is also interested in exploring the possibility of complementarity between these two care systems in terms of gestational period management from modern and traditional oxytocics. For this reason, individual interviews have been used to collect data in certain rural and urban areas of the Bamoun region to enable the objectives to be achieved.

Neste estudo objetivamos descrever os efeitos da administração crônica de frutose sobre parâmetros gestacionais, crescimento e desenvolvimento, bioquímicos e estresse oxidativo de ratas Wistar. Trata-se de um experimento onde foram utilizadas duas gerações de ratas (Rattus norvegicus) da linhagem Wistar prenhas, provenientes do Biotério da URI distribuídas nos grupos controle (6 animais) e tratado (24 animais). Após a constatação da prenhes os animais foram separados em grupos, tratados com ração contendo frutose nas concentrações (65,40,30 e 20%) da ração diária contendo frutose e as do grupo controle recebeu ração normal. Os resultados mostraram alterações no peso ao desmame da primeira geração, no número e no peso dos fetos da segunda geração, comparados aos controles. Testes bioquímicos mostraram alterações estatisticamente significativas na ureia, creatinina, colesterol total, triglicerídeos e glicemia. A enzima Aspartato Amino Transferase (AST) e Alanina Amino Trasnferase (ALT) mostraram alterações para os grupos 65 e 20%. No tecido hepático a concentrações do ácido tiobarbitúrico (TABRS) mostrou alterações para os grupos 40 e 20%; sulfidrilas paro o grupo 20%; atividade da Glutationa Oxidada (GSH) para os grupos 40 e 30% e Catalase (CAT) para o grupo 30%. Os mesmos marcadores mostraram alterações para TBARS e sulfidrilas para o grupo 20%; GSH para o gruo 30%; Superóxido Dismutase (SOD) para o grupo 65% e CAT nos grupos 30 e 20%, no tecido renal, comparados ao grupo controle. Os dados são consistentes e evidenciam o envolvimento da frutose na redução da fecundidade, na gênese de distúrbios do metabolismo lipídico, glicêmico, da função hepática, renal e indução do estresse oxidativo. O estudo aponta para a vulnerabilidade do período gestacional relativo a ingestão de dietas ricas em frutose e a redução do consumo seria promissora para a prevenção do baixo peso ao nascer, dos distúrbios devidas ao metabolismo hepático, renal, lipídico, glicêmico e de estresse oxidativo.

Background: The authors examined whether or not ≤3 days wearing Actical® accelerometers provided acceptable results in comparison with the recommendation of ≥4 days in women across gestation. Methods: A total of 26, 76, and 57 participants at early, mid, and late pregnancy, respectively, were assessed. Participants were instructed to wear the device for 7 days and women who wore it for ≥4 days were included. For each participant, 3, 2, and 1 day(s) were randomly selected. Paired comparisons, intraclass correlations coefficients, and kappa statistics were performed for ≥4 days (criterion) versus 3, 2, and 1 day(s). Averages (in minutes per day) of sedentary time, light, moderate, vigorous, moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) and steps per day were examined. Results: When 3 valid days were compared with the criterion, no significant differences were found for any gestational period. The intraclass correlations coefficients were “high” for all PA-related variables. The k values varied from .819 to .838 across pregnancy (“strong”). Two and 1 valid day(s) versus the criterion showed significant differences in some PA intensities, reduced intraclass correlations coefficients, “moderate” k values for 2 valid days (.638–.788) and “minimal-to-moderate” k values for 1 valid day (.367–.755). Conclusion: In pregnant women during early, mid, and late pregnancy, PA data obtained from 3 valid days of wear was equivalent and agreed with ≥4 valid days.

Traballo Fin de Grao en Enfermaría. Curso 2021-2022 La violencia de género es la forma más extrema de desigualdad hacia las mujeres, presente en todas las etapas de la vida, y manifestada tanto como violencia física, psicológica y sexual. Durante el embarazo la situación no es distinta, con el agravante de ser una etapa especialmente vulnerable en la vida de las mujeres. Objetivos: el objetivo principal de este trabajo es investigar la relación entre la violencia de pareja hacia la mujer y la aparición de trastornos de salud mental en las mujeres embarazadas. Se pretende también establecer cuáles son los principales tipos de trastornos que sufren las mujeres y la prevalencia de la violencia de género durante el período gestacional. Diseño: revisión sistemática. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed y Google Académico, así como de fuentes gubernamentales, en diciembre de 2021. Los estudios fueron seleccionados atendiendo a unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: en todos los estudios la violencia del hombre hacia la mujer embarazada aumenta la probabilidad de sufrir trastornos de salud mental en las mujeres. El rango de odds ratios varió entre los diferentes estudios desde un 1,96 hasta un 28,50. La depresión es la enfermedad de salud mental que más se repite a causa de dicha violencia. Conclusiones: la violencia de género actúa como factor de riesgo ante la aparición de trastornos de salud mental en las mujeres embarazadas independientemente de su país de origen, siendo este un problema de salud a nivel mundial del cual los y las profesionales sanitarias deben estar preparadas y concienciadas para abordarlo y prevenirlo. A violencia de xénero é a forma máis extrema de desigualdade cara ás mulleres, presente en todas as etapas da vida, e manifestada tanto como violencia física, psicolóxica e sexual. Durante o embarazo a situación non é distinta, co agravante de ser unha etapa especialmente vulnerable na vida das mulleres. Obxectivos: o obxectivo principal deste traballo é investigar a relación entre a violencia de parella cara á muller e a aparición de trastornos de saúde mental nas mulleres embarazadas. Preténdese tamén establecer cales son os principais tipos de trastornos que sofren asmulleres e a prevalencia da violencia de xénero que sofren durante o período xestacional. Deseño: revisión sistemática. Levouse a cabo unha revisión bibliográfica nas bases de datos PubMed e Google Académico, así como de fontes gobernamentais, en decembro de 2021. Os estudos foron seleccionados atendendo a uns criterios de inclusión e exclusión. Resultados: en todos os estudos a violencia do home cara á muller embarazada aumenta a probabilidade das mulleres de sufrir trastornos de saúde mental. O rango de odds cocientes variou entre os diferentes estudos desde un 1,96 ata un 28,50. A depresión é a enfermidade de saúde mental que máis se repite por mor da devandita violencia. Conclusións: a violencia de xénero actúa como factor de risco ante a aparición de trastornos de saúde mental nas mulleres embarazadas independentemente do seu país de orixe, sendo leste un problema de saúde a nivel mundial do cal os e as profesionais sanitarias deben estar preparadas e concienciadas para abordalo e previlo. Gender violence is the most extreme form of inequality towards women. It is present at all stages of life, and manifested as physical, psychological and sexual violence. During pregnancy the situation is no different, with the aggravating circumstance of being in a particularly vulnerable stage in women's lives. Objectives: the main objective of this review is to investigate the relationship between intimate partner violence against women and the emergence of mental health disorders in pregnant women. It is also intended to establish what the main types of disorders suffered by women are, and the prevalence of gender violence suffered during the gestational period. Design: systematic review. A bibliographic review was carried out in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as government sources, in December 2021. The studies were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: in all the studies reviewed, violence by men towards pregnant women has shown to increase the probability of women suffering from mental health disorders. The range of odds ratios varied between the different studies from 1,96 to 28,50. Depression is the most common mental health illness due to this kind of violence. Conclusions: gender violence acts as a risk factor for the develompent of mental health disordersin pregnant women regardless of their country of origin, entailing a global health problem for which health professionals must be prepared and aware of this approach and prevention.

To evaluate available evidence in the literature of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women with low adherence to ferrous sulfate. This is an integrative literature review, being consulted in the following databases: LILACS, PUBMED, SCIELO, BVS, MEDLINE. During the period from September to October 2021. Through the descriptors: “Pregnancy AND iron deficiency anemia”, “ferrous sulfate AND iron deficiency anemia”, “pregnancy AND iron deficiency anemia”. A total of 5,892 articles were obtained, after reading the title, abstract and full text of the articles, a total of 10 articles remained at the end. Among the factors responsible for the low adherence to ferrous sulfate by pregnant women, side effects, age, race, low education, multiparity, number of consultations, family income and inadequate prenatal care stand out. In this way, it was observed how important is the qualified assistance of the health professional in the prenatal consultation and the use of strategies for better adherence to the supplement. Evaluar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre anemia ferropénica en gestantes con baja adherencia al sulfato ferroso y analizar características sociodemográficas relacionadas con la anemia ferropénica en gestantes. Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, siendo consultada en las siguientes bases de datos: LILACS, PUBMED, SCIELO, BVS, MEDLINE. Durante el período de septiembre a octubre de 2021. A través de los descriptores: “Embarazo Y anemia ferropénica”, “Sulfato ferroso Y anemia ferropénica”, “Embarazo Y anemia ferropénica”. Se obtuvo un total de 5.892 artículos, luego de la lectura del título, resumen y texto completo de los artículos, al final quedaron un total de 10 artículos. Entre los factores responsables de la baja adherencia al sulfato ferroso de las gestantes se destacan los efectos secundarios, la edad, la raza, la baja escolaridad, la multiparidad, el número de consultas, la renta familiar y el control prenatal inadecuado. De esta manera, se observó cuán importante es la asistencia calificada del profesional de salud en la consulta prenatal y el uso de estrategias para una mejor adherencia al suplemento. Avaliar na literatura evidências disponíveis da anemia ferropriva em gestantes com baixa adesão ao sulfato ferroso e analisar características sociodemográficas relacionadas à anemia ferropriva em gestantes. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, sendo consultadas nas bases de dados: LILACS, PUBMED, SCIELO, BVS, MEDLINE. Durante o período de setembro a outubro de 2021, por meio dos descritores: “Gravidez AND anemia ferropriva”, “sulfato ferroso AND anemia ferropriva”, “gestação AND anemia ferropriva”. Obteve-se um total de 5.892 artigos, após leitura do título, do resumo e do texto completo dos artigos, restou um total de 10 artigos ao final. Dentre os fatores responsáveis pela baixa adesão do sulfato ferroso por gestantes, destacam-se os efeitos colaterais, idade, raça, baixa escolaridade, multiparidade, número de consultas, renda familiar e assistência inadequada no pré-natal. Foi observado o quanto importante é a assistência qualificada do profissional de saúde na consulta de pré-natal e a utilização de estratégias para a melhor adesão ao suplemento.

Changes in the distribution of the epithelial and inflammatory cells in the external opening of the uterine cervix in river buffaloes at three different occasions during the gestation period were investigated by light microscopic evaluation of mucus smears prepared by wet swab sampling and Giemsa-stained. Forty five pregnant river buffaloes that were in the first (n=15), second (n=15) and third (n=15) approximately equal parts of their gestation period were sampled twice concurrently by individual wet swabs from the external opening of the uterine cervix. Five smears were prepared from each sample. Immediately after mucus sampling, blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein of each animal, centrifuged immediately and stored at -20 oC to assay the plasma levels of estradiol-17β and progesterone. The results showed that changes in the percentage of the vacuolated and non-vacuolated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were not statistically significant between the groups, which suggests that as the pregnancy progressed, changes in the blood levels of estradiol-17β and progesterone had little or no effect on the distribution of these cells in the region, but changes in the percentage of neutrophils were statistically significant between the groups. It was also found that changes in the percentage of macrophages between the second and third trimesters of the gestation period were not significant, but the difference between the first and the other trimesters was statistically significant. It was concluded that the percentages of neutrophils and macrophages increase significantly as the plasma concentrations of progesterone decrease during the gestation.

The objective of this paper was to elaborate and evaluate an educational material for pregnant women attended at Basic Health Units in the municipality of Picos-PI, Brazil, on the importance of adequate nutrition during pregnancy, with an emphasis on vitamin D. An interview and questionnaire applied to 10 specialists and 16 pregnant women from September to November 2019 was used for data collection Regarding the diagnosis, most of the pregnant women were young, married, with high school education, of low income and had eutrophic nutritional status, unaware of the importance of vitamin D during pregnancy. Based on these characteristics, a series album was elaborated on the importance of healthy eating during the gestational period with an emphasis on vitamin D. In the material evaluation stage, 83.16% of the specialists and 98.88% of the pregnant women, considered it as appropriate. Concluded that the material proved to be suitable for use in the practice of care, as it presented a positive evaluation on the part of professionals and pregnant women.

PAPq PROPESP Edital 2019/Universidade Federal do Par? 307749/2004-5/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico 471077/2007-0/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico PROCAD-AMAZ?NIA Grant No. 88881.370785/2019-01./Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior Universidade Federal do Par?. N?cleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia. Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Oncologia e Ci?ncias M?dicas. Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto. Bel?m, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto. Laborat?rio de Investiga??es em Neurodegenera??o e Infec??o. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto. Laborat?rio de Investiga??es em Neurodegenera??o e Infec??o. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto. Laborat?rio de Investiga??es em Neurodegenera??o e Infec??o. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. N?cleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia. Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Oncologia e Ci?ncias M?dicas. Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto. Bel?m, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto. Laborat?rio de Investiga??es em Neurodegenera??o e Infec??o. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. N?cleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia. Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Oncologia e Ci?ncias M?dicas. Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto. Bel?m, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto. Laborat?rio de Investiga??es em Neurodegenera??o e Infec??o. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Par?. N?cleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia. Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Oncologia e Ci?ncias M?dicas. Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto. Bel?m, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Par?. Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto. Laborat?rio de Investiga??es em Neurodegenera??o e Infec??o. Bel?m, PA, Brazil / Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laborat?rio de Microscopia Eletr?nica. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Most animal model studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were performed in males. Thus, little is known about the mechanisms underlying disease progression in females. Here, we searched for potential influences of sex and environment on gestational valproic acid-induced behavioral abnormalities using hippocampal-dependent tasks, and on number and morphometry of microglia of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (Mol-DG). We compared male and females BALB/c control mice with BALB/c mice gestationally exposed to VPA with regards to exploratory activity and risk assessment in novel environments. Pregnant females and males on gestational day 12.5 received VPA in saline (600 mg/kg body weight) or an equal volume of saline by gavage. After weaning, female and male offspring were housed separately either in standard laboratory cages (SE) or enriched cages (EE). At 5 months of age, these mice underwent behavioral testing and had their brains processed for microglia IBA1 immunolabeling. Compared with control mice, VPA-exposed mice exhibited abnormal behavior in exploring novel environments and assessing risk, and these effects were significantly greater in females than in males and less intense among mice from enriched cages. Three-way ANOVA revealed that environment, sex and valproic acid conditions interacted and altered the behavior results. Microglia number and volume of the Mol-DG were significantly higher in VPA-exposed groups raised in standard cages. The results of counting the intersects of microglia branching on Sholl's circles analyzed with permutational MANOVA, demonstrated that in comparison with males, there was a greater reduction in the number of intersections in females raised in standard cages. These findings suggest that the increased microglia and morphological changes might be associated with behavioral dysfunction in ASD. Moreover, the somatomotor and cognitive stimulation of environmental enrichment started at weaning may be beneficial for reducing behavioral abnormalities and reduction of microglia response in adulthood.

Para que a mulher grávida obtenha um acompanhamento gestacional de qualidade e apto a proporcionar melhores condições de desenvolvimento para seu filho, é preciso que ela frequente as consultas de pré-natal. A caderneta de acompanhamento da Gestação se trata de instrumento de registro e transmissão de dados colhidos durante o período gestacional da mulher e que são fundamentais para que seja possível conferir um acompanhamento completo ao recém-nascido logo após o parto. É importante que os profissionais possam participar continuamente de cursos de aperfeiçoamento para atuação na área de assistência pré-natal, pois o incentivo e melhoria do preenchimento desse documento é de grande valia, oportunizando um acompanhamento de maior qualidade e com uma abordagem mais qualificada para a gestante e o recém-nascido.

O uso de suplementos como ferro, ácido fólico, vitamina D, ômega 3 e polivitamínicos durante o período gestacional, muitas vezes, faz-se necessário, devido a um aumento na demanda de micronutrientes, pois ocorrem transformações anabólicas de forma desigual durante todo o período. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o uso da suplementação durante o período gestacional de puérperas internadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), em um hospital particular na cidade de Cascavel – PR. O estudo foi realizado nos leitos da maternidade, durante o mês de agosto de 2019, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa, com 60 puérperas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário, também consultando os prontuários médicos e as informações presentes na carteira da gestante, e posteriormente tabulados no Excel. Observou-se que, da população amostral, 90% eram adultas e 51,7% trabalhavam, mas apenas 35% apresentavam carteira assinada. Em relação ao grau de escolaridade, foi observado que dez mulheres apresentavam ensino superior; quarenta e três, ensino médio; sete, ensino fundamental, porém, algumas não concluíram os estudos. Além disso, verificou-se quanto ao uso de suplementos que 58,3% usaram ferro; 46,7%, ácido fólico; 18,3%, multivitamínicos; 6,7%, ômega 3; e 5%, vitamina D, sendo que 25% não suplementaram. Com isso, observou-se baixa suplementação entre o número de puérperas, necessitando de acompanhamento nutricional e novas políticas de saúde pública a fim de evitar carências nutricionais.

Objectives: To translate and cross-culturally adapt a Swedish questionnaire to Arabic to assess the awareness of pregnant women in Saudi Arabia regarding the availability of an accurate and safe prenatal screening procedure. Methods : The study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between December 2018 to April 2019. The non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) questionnaire, translated and validated in Arabic. Cronbach’s alpha reliability testing was carried out to validate the Arabic version of the questionnaire. The sample size was 100 pregnant women, at any gestational period, from 20 to 44 years old. This is a prospective cross-sectional. Results: An Arabic translated, and culturally validated questionnaire related to the attitudes, knowledge, and self-perceived probability of delivering a child with chromosomal abnormality. Conclusion: We translated and validated the NIPT questionnaire to assess the attitude and awareness of pregnant women regarding the availability of the NIPT.

Pregnancy increases the caloric and nutrient requirements considerably. But myths and taboos embedded into the cultural threads of most people, restrict intake of certain foods. This study recorded the theories and practices of food and behavioral beliefs during pregnancy.

Tendo em vista haver em nossa sociedade atual uma supervalorização da cultura jovem, uma gravidez nesta fase de descobertas pode ser algo um tanto impactante na vida dos adolescentes. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de compreender a vivência, expectativas e angústias das adolescentes em seu período gestacional. Participaram da pesquisa três adolescentes, com idade entre 16 e 17 anos, que se encontravam na sala de espera do setor de gestação de auto-risco do Hospital Regional de Assis, no entanto, para fim deste artigo serão realizadas considerações a respeito de uma das gestantes. Como instrumento da pesquisa foi utilizado uma entrevista semi-estruturada e a aplicação do procedimento desenho-estória com tema. A metodologia usada foi baseada em pesquisa qualitativa com delineamento em estudo de caso. Foram elencadas três categorias temáticas de análise de conteúdo: a descoberta da gravidez e a repercussão da notícia para a adolescente, para o pai da criança e perante os familiares; os impactos positivos e negativos da gravidez na vida da adolescente e no contexto em que vive e; as expectativas da adolescente com relação ao presente e futuro. Os dados obtidos com a aplicação das técnicas indicaram que a jovem não esperava pela gestação no momento, bem como que embora a participante pareça ainda não ter consciência das possíveis dificuldades que terá após o nascimento da criança, o apoio familiar tem muita importância com relação à aceitação da nova condição de mãe e na estrutura oferecida para o acolhimento do filho.

Perinatal psychopathologies affect more than 25% of women during and after their gestational period. These psychiatric disorders can potentially determine important biological variations in their organisms, affecting many different physiological and metabolic pathways. Of relevance, any of these changes occurring in the mother can alter the normal composition of breast milk, particularly the concentration of nutritional and inflammatory components, which play a role in child brain functioning and development. Indeed, there is evidence showing that changes in milk composition can contribute to cognitive impairments and alterations in mental abilities in children. This review aims to shed light on the unique intergenerational role played by breast milk composition, from maternal psychopathologies to child development.

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in pregnant women is recognized by Graves' disease. Because it leads to serious complications in the mother and fetus, timely correction of disorders of homeostasis provides a successful outcome of pregnancy. In order to study the effectiveness of the drug with the active substance sulodexide in pregnant women with Graves' disease, 28 women were examined for the possibility of reducing obstetric and perinatal complications. They performed general clinical examinations, performed an extensive hemostasis, determined the fetal fetal condition. It has been found that the development of chronic syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation is characteristic for pregnant women and as a result this aggravates the gestational period for the mother and fetus. Supplementation of the standard protocol of treatment with anticoagulant sulodexide has led to an improvement in the parameters of the coagulation unit of hemostasis, and was also characterized by anti−adhesive and antithrombotic action. Clinically, the effectiveness of this therapy was manifested by the elimination of symptoms of placental insufficiency, the threat of pregnancy termination, preeclampsia, delayed fetal fetal development, thrombotic complications. The results obtained in this study indicate that the use of sulodexide anticoagulant has contributed to a reliable normalization of the hemostatic index, improved blood supply to the placental and fetal complex, which reduced an obstetric pathology occurrence and perinatal mortality. Thus, we can recommend to include natural anticoagulant sulodexide into standard protocol of treatment for patients with Graves' disease, because it has no side effects, unlike other anticoagulant drugs and can be safe for pregnant women. Key words: hemostasis, pregnancy, Graves' disease, sulodexide.

This review deals with the formation and structure of the placenta in the full-term gestational period and during post-term gestation. The results of various morphological and immunohistochemical studies are analyzed, highlighting changes in the placenta during post-term gestation and the role of expression of immunohistochemical markers, such as CD34, NO synthase, and collagen.

We assessed the effects of cub age, litter size, and sex, on body mass (BM), absolute and relative growth rates (AGR, RGR), opening of ears and eyes, and deciduous teeth eruption from 129 cubs of American black bears (Ursus americanus) born at Virginia Tech’s Black Bear Research Center. Specific ages, related to maternal food consumption, and litter size, best described BM, AGR, RGR, and ear and eye development. Overall, newborns weighed ~0.44 kg at birth and increased ~9-fold by ~14 weeks. Twins were greater in BM than single cubs and triplets. Single and triplet cubs had higher AGR and RGR than twins after mothers resumed food consumption post-hibernation. Newborns displayed RGR > 3.5% that decreased until den emergence (RGR < 3.5% after emergence). RGR differed among litter sizes, particularly after den emergence. Ear and eye opening occurred concurrently at ~44 days of age, while teeth erupted ~10 days later. Single cubs experienced delayed development of these organs compared to other litter sizes. Postnatal developmental differences between black bears and other carnivores likely stem from strategies allowing black bears to minimize energy expenditure during the gestational period when hibernating.