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4. Contributory presentations/posters

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Gries, A., Singh, Balwinder, Nakazawal, Chicko, Genest, D., Getzoff, E. D., Matsuo, H., Kaur, Harpreet, Borst, J. W., Chadha, K. C., Tingyun, Kuang, Jagannadham, M. V., Leijon, Mikael, Sato, S., Bhakuni, Vlnod, Vijayan, M., Surolia, A., Suguna, K., Manoj, N., Srinivas, V. R., Ravishankar, R., Laggner, P., Prassl, R., Schwarzenbacher, R., Zeth, K., Kostner, G. M., Taylor, Susan S., Xuong, Nguyen-huu, Akamine, Pearl, Sagar, Bidva M., Saikrishnan, K., Purnapatre, K., Handa, P., Roy, S., Varshney, U., Biswal, B. K., Sukumar, N., Rao, J. K. Mohana, Johnson, A., Pattabhi, Vasantha, Murthy, M. R. N., Krishna, Sri S., Savithri, H. S., Sastri, Mira, Hosur, M. V., Pillai, Bindu, Kannan, K. K., Kumar, Mukesh, Patwardhan, Swati, Padmanabhaa, B., Sasaki-Sugio, S., Matsuzaki, T., Nukaga, M., Singh, T. P., Sharma, A. K., Srinivasan, A., Khan, J. A., Paramasivam, M., Kumar, P., Karthikevan, S., Sharma, S., Yadav, S., Srintvasan, A., Alam, Neelima, Gourinath, S., Kaur, Punit, Chandra, Vikas, Betzel, Ch., Ghosh, S., Bera, A. K., Pal, A. K., Baneriee, Asok, Mukhopadhyay, B. P., Bhattacharya, S., Chakraborty, S., Haldar, U., Dey, I., Solovicova, Adriana, Sevcik, Jozef, Sekar, K., Sundaralingam, M., Genov, N., Liang, Dong-cai, Zhang, Ji-ping, Jiang, Tao, Chang, Wen-rui, Blommers, Marcel, Jahnke, Wolfgang, Hosur, R. V., Panchal, S. C., Pillay, Bindu, Jaganathan, N. R., Mathur, Puniti, Srivatsun, S., Joshi, Ratan Mani, Chauhan, V. S., Govil, Girjesh, Atreya, H. S., Sahu, S. C., Quinjou, Éric, Adjadj, Elisabeth, Mispelter, Joël, Izadi-Pruneyre, Nadia, Blouquit, Yves, Heyd, Bernadette, Lerat, Guilhem, Desmadreil, Michel, Milnard, Philippe, Lin, Y., Rao, B. D. Nageswara, Raghunathan, Vidva, Chau, Mei H., Coutinho, Evans, Pesais, Prashant, Srivastava, Sudha, Saran, Anil, Srikrishnan, Thamarapu, Lijima, Herbert, Gesme, Jayson, Sapico, Leizl F., Paxton, Raymond, Grace, C. R., Nagenagowda, G., Lynn, A. M., Cowsik, Sudha M., Govil, G., Sahu, Sarata C., Bhattacharya, A., Chauhan, S., Kumar, Anil, Zuiderweg, Erik R. P., Pellecchia, Maurizio, Nitta, Katsutoshi, Ohnishi, Atsushi, Kawano, Keiichi, Hikichi, Kunio, Fujitani, Naoki, Ohkubo, Tadayasu, Aizawa, Tomoyasu, Kumaki, Yasuhiro, Hayakawa, Yoichi, Parvathy, Rani V., Kini, R. M., Nakagawa, Astushi, Tanaka, Isao, Demura, Makoto, Yao, Min, Koshiba, Takumi, Kobashigawa, Yoshihiro, Kuwajima, Kunihiro, Linge, Jens, Nilges, Michael, Donoghue, Seán O., Chakshusmathi, G., Ratnaparkhi, Girish S., Madhu, P. K., Varadarajan, R., Tetreau, C., Tourbez, M., Lavalette, D., Bulone, D., Manno, M., Emanuele, A., Palma-Vittorelli, M. B., Palma, M. U., Vaiana, S. M., Martorana, V., Biagio, P. L. San, Chang, D. K., Cheng, S. F., Yang, S. H., Francis, S., Trivedi, V. D., Chien, W. J., Manstein, Dietmar J., Batra, Renn, Geeves, Michael A., Geller, Maciej, Trvlska, Joanna, Grochowski, Pawel, Lesyng, B., Ginalski, K., Grochowski, P., Lavalette, P., Blouquit, Y., Roccatano, D., Berendsen, H. J. C., Amadei, A., Nola, Di A., Ho, Bosco, Curmi, P. M. G., Berry, H., Pelta, J., Pauthe, E., Lairez, D., Srinivasan, M., Sahi, Shakti, Kothekar, V., Madhusudnan, Kartha S., Nandel, Fateh S., Jain, D. V. S., Berendsen, Herman J. C., Feenstra, Anton K., Tama, F., Sanejouand, Y.-H., Go, N., Sharma, Deepak, Pasha, Santosh, Sharma, Sunita, Brahmachari, Samir K., Makker, Jyoti, Viiavaraghavan, R., Kumar, S., Dey, Sharmisllia, Krishnamoorthy, G., Lakshmikanth, G. S., Zaitseva, E. M., Mazhul, V. M., Kierdaszuk, Borys, Widengren, J., Rigler, R., Terry, B., Mets, Ü., Swaminathan, R., Yathindra, N., Thamotharan, S., Chosrowjan, H., Mataga, N., Shibata, Y., Morisima, I., Xiao, Ming, Selvin, Paul, Chakraharty, Tania, Cooke, Roger, Faraone, A., Branca, C., Maisano, G., Migliardo, P., Magazù, S., Villari, V., Behere, Digambar V., Deva, Sharique Zahida Waheed M., Vallone, B., Savino, C., Travaglini-Allocatelli, C., Cutruzzolà, F., Brunori, M., Gibson, Q. H., Mazumdar, Shyamalava, Mitra, Samaresh, Prasad, Swati, Soto, P., Fayad, R., Tyulkova, N. A., Sukovataya, I. E., Mamedov, Sh. V., Aksakal, B., Canturk, M., Aktas, B., Yilgin, R., Bogutska, K. I., Miroshnichenko, N. S., Wein, A. J., Hypolite, J. A., DiSanto, M., Chacko, S., Zheng, Y-M., Antosiewicz, J., Wojciechowski, M., Grycuk, T., Di Nola, Alfredo, Ceruso, Marc A., Chatterjee, Bishnu P., Bandvopadhvay, Subhasis, Choudhury, Devapriva, Khight, Stefan, Thompson, Andrew, Stojanoff, Vivian, Pinkner, Jerome, Hultgren, Scott, Flatters, Delphine, Goodfellow, Julia, Takazawatt, Fumi, Kanehisa, Minoru, Sasai, Masaki, Nakamura, Hironori, Wang, Bao Han, Pan, xin Min, Zheng, Yuan, Wang, Zhi Xin, Ahmad, Atta, Kulkarni, Sangeeta, Prakash, Koodathingal, Prajapati, Shashi, Surin, Alexey, Kihara, Hiroshi, Yang, Li, Matsumoto, Tomoharu, Nakagawa, Yuki, Semisotnov, Gennady V., Kimura, Kazumoto, Amemiya, Yoshiyuki, Tayyab, Saad, Muzammil, Salman, Kumar, Yogesh, Bhakuni, Vinod, Sundd, Monica, Kundu, Suman, Jagannadham, Medicherla V., Chandani, Bina, Warrier, Deepti, Sinha, Lalankumar, Dhar, Ruby, Mehrotra, Sonam, Khandelwal, Purnima, Seth, Subhendu, Gidwani, Arun, Prabha, Ratna C., Sasidhar, Y. U., Madhusudan, K. P., Nishikawa, Ken, Kinjo, Akira R., Varadarajan, Raghavan, Chakravarty, Suvobrata, Van Dael, H., Noyelle, K., Joniau, M., Haezebrouck, P., Jha, Indra Brata, Bhat, Rajiv, Dash, Sheffali, Mohanty, Prasanna, Bandyopadhyay, A. K., Sonawat, H. M., Rao, Ch. Mohan, Datta, Siddhartha, Raman, B., Rajaraman, K., Ramakrishna, T., Pande, A., Benedek, G., King, J., Betts, S., Pande, J., Asherie, N., Ogun, O., Kalacheva, G. S., Sokolova, I. V., Mitaku, Shigeki, Sonoyama, Masashi, Taira, Kunihiro, Yokoyama, Yasunori, Sasakil, Takanori, Kamo, Naoki, Mukai, Yuri, Dalal, Seema, Regan, Lynne, Mituku, Shigeki, Kumar, Devesh, Roychoudhury, Mihir, Lőrinczv, Dénes, Könczöl, Franciska, Farkas, László, Belagyi, Joseph, Schick, Christoph, Thomson, Christy A., Ananthanarayanan, Vettai S., Alirzayeva, E. G., Baba-Zade, S. N., Sarai, A., Kono, H., Uedaira, H., An, J., Gromiha, Michael M., Oobatake, M., Yutani, Katsuhide, Takano, Kazufumi, Yamagata, Yuriko, Jas, Gouri S., Hofrichter, James, Muñoz, Victor, Eaton, William A., Penoyar, Jonathan, Lo Verde, Philip T., Bódi, Á., Venekei, I., Kardos, J., Gráf, L., Závodszky, P., Szilágyi, András, Závodszky, Péter, Woolfson, D. N., Walshaw, J., Allan, R. D., Funahashi, Jun, Gupta, Savan, Di Nola, A., Mangoni, M., Roccatano, P., Ramachandraiah, Gosu, Chandra, Nagasuma R., Ciani, Barbara, Woolfson, Derek N., Nair, Usha B., Salunke, Dinakar M., Kaur, Kanwal J., Swaminathan, Chittoor P., Surolia, Avadhesha, Pramanik, A., Jörnvall, H., Nygren, P.-Å., Jonasson, P., Ståhl, S., Johansson, B.-L., Kratz, G., Wahren, J., Ekberg, K., Uhlén, M., Jansson, O. T., Uhlén, S., Misselwitz, Rolf, Welfle, Heinz, Welfle, Karin, Höhne, Wolfgang, Kurganov, B. I., Mitskevich, L. G., Fedurkina, N. V., Jarori, Gotam K., Maity, Haripada, Guharay, J., Sengupta, P. K., Sengupta, B., Sridevi, K., Kasturi, S. R., Gupta, S. P., Agarwal, Gunjan, Briehl, Robin W., Kwong, Suzanne, Tyulkova, N A., Ismailova, O. I., Parola, A. H., Yayon, A., Hariharan, C., Pines, D., Pines, E., Zamai, M., Cohen-Luria, R., Woolfeon, D. N., Spooner, G. A., Padya, M. J., Bharadwaj, D. K., Bakshi, Panchan, Jagannathan, N. R., Sharma, U., Srivastava, N., Barthwal, R., Matsuda, Keiko, Nishioka, Takaaki, Go, Nobuhiro, Urata, S., Aita, T., Husimi, Y., Majumder, Mainak, Subirana, Juan A., Malinina, Lucy, Abrescia, Nicola G. A., Aymami, Juan, Coll, Miquel, Eritxa, Ramón, Premraj, B. J., Thenmalarchelvi, R., Gautham, N., Kumar, Satheesh P., Kan, Lou-Sing, Hou, Ming, Lin, Shwu-Bin, Roy, Kanal B., Sana, Tapas, Bruant, N., Flatters, D., Lavery, R., Sklenar, Heinz, Rons, Remo, Lavery, Richard, Thakur, Ashoke Ranjan, Kundu, Sudip, Bandyopadhyay, Debashree, Bhattacharyya, Dhananjay, Majumdar, Rabi, Barceló, F., Portugal, J., Rao, B. J., Ramanathan, Sunita, Gliosli, Mahua, Varshney, Umesh, Kumar, Vinay N., Pataskar, Shashank S., Sarojini, R., Selvasekarapandian, S., Kolandaivel, P., Sukumar, S., Kolmdaivel, P., Maiti, Motilal, Das, Suman, Sen, Anjana, Xodo, Luigi, Suraci, Chiara, Del Terra, Elisa, Quadrifoglio, Franco, Diviacco, Silvia, Ray, Arghya, Rao, Basuthkar J., Karthikeyan, G., Chary, Kandala V. R., Mujeeb, Anwer, James, Thomas L., Bogdanov, A., Zanina, A., Haya, E. E. F., Kasyanenko, N., Cornélio, M. L., Bugs, M. R., Tolstorukov, Ye. M., Sanval, Nitish K., Tiwari, S. N., Sanyal, Nitish K., Choudhury, Mihir Roy, Patel, P. K., Bhavesh, Neel S., Gabrielian, Anna, Rigler, Rudolf, Edman, Lars, Wennmalm, Stefan, Constantinescu, B., Gazdaru, D., Radulcscu, I., Radu, L., Wärmländer, Sebastian, Aoki, Setsuyuki, Ishiura, Masahiro, Kondo, Takao, Pashinskaya, V. A., Kosevich, M. V., Shelkovsky, V. S., Blagoy, Yu. P., Wang, Ji-hua, Malathi, R., Chandrasekhar, K., Kandimalla, E. R., Agrawal, S., Rastogi, V. K., Palafox, Alcolea M., Singh, Chatar, Beniaminov, A. D., Minyat, E. E., Zdobnov, E. M., Ulyanov, N. B., Bondarenko, S. A., Ivanov, V. I., Singh, J. S., Tewari, Ravindra, Sonawane, Kailas D., Grosjean, Henri, Sonavane, Uddhavesh B., Morin, Annie, Doherty, Elizabeth A., Doudna, Jennifer A., Tochio, H., Shirakawa, M., Kyogoku, Y., Das, Achintya, Javaram, B., Kalra, Parul, Shukla, Piyush, Dixit, Surjit B., Beveridge, David L., McConnell, Kevin, Davidson, B. E., Chan, R. Y. S., Sawyer, W. H., Eccelston, J. F., Yan, Yuling, Norden, Bengt, Tuite, Eimer, Nielsen, Peter, Takahashi, Masayuki, Ghosh, Anirban, Bansal, Manju, Pingoud, Alfred, Christ, Frauke, Thole, Hubert, Pingoud, Vera, Wende, Wolfgang, Luthra, Pratibha Mehta, Chandra, Ramesh, Sen, Ranjan, Weisberg, Robert, King, Rodney, Gobets, Bas, van Amerongen, Herbert, van Stokkum, Ivo H. M., Larsen, Olaf F. A., van Grondelle, Rienk, Hilbers, Cornelis W., Heus, Hans A., Berends, Jos, Sngrvan, H E., Khudaverdian, N. V., Babayan, Yu. S., Pichierri, F., Gromiha, M., Prabakaran, P., Aida, M., Sayano, K., Merkienė, Eglė, Vilkaitis, Giedrius, Klimašauskas, Saulius, Serva, Saulius, Weinhold, Elmar, Bandiera, Antonella, Marsich, Eleonora, Manzini, Giorgio, Potikyan, G., Arakelyan, V., Babayan, Yu., Ninaber, Alex, Goodfellow, Julia M., Ohta, Shigeru, Ito, Yoichiro, Husimi, Yuzuru, Usukura, J., Aiba, H., Tagami, H., Nunes, Elia, Suarez, Mougli, Candreva, Carmen E., Keszenman, Deborah, Thyberg, Per, Földes-Papp, Zeno, Joshi, Amita, Singh, Dinesh, Rajeswari, M. R., Amenitsch, H., Pregetter, M., Chapman, J., Mishra, K. P., Pandev, B. N., Tonevitsky, A. G., Pohl, E. E., Agapov, I. I., Sun, J., Pohl, P., Dennison, S. M., Gorbeako, G. P., Dynbko, T. S., Mishra, A. K., Pappavee, N., Luis, Loura, Rodrigo, Almeida, Manuel, Prieto, Gendel, Ya. L., Kleszczyńska, H., Kuczera, J., Przestalski, S., Kral, T., Chernitsky, E. A., Senkovich, O. A., Rosin, V. V., Gasanov, R. A., Allakhverdieva, Y. M., Papageorgiou, G. C., Savopol, Tudor, Apetrei, Calin, Balea, Marius, Cucu, D., Mihailescu, D., Ramanathan, K. V., Bačić, Goran, Genest, Monique, Sajot, Nicolas, Garnier, Norbert, Crouzy, Serge, Zsiros, O., Várkonyi, Z. S., Combos, Z., Farkas, T., Cribier, Sophie, de Paula, F., Fraceto, I. F., Schreier, S., Spisni, A., Sevšek, F., Žekš, B., Gomišček, G., Svetina, S., Arrigler, V., Hotani, Hirokazu, Nomura, Fumimasa, Takiguchi, Kingo, Nagata, Miki, Panicker, Lata, Parvathanathan, P. S., Hotani, H., Takiguchi, K., Ishino, A., Saitoh, A., Afonin, S., Takahashi, A., Takizawa, T., Nakato, Y., Marathe, Dipti, Jørgensen, Kent, Chattopadhyay, Amitabha, Rukmini, R., Rawat, Satinder S., Pečar, S., Štrancar, J., Šentiurc, M., Stolič, Z., Filipin, K., Biswas, S. C., Samanta, Anunay, Sana, Satyen, Kinoshita, Koji, Yamazaki, Masahito, Ohki, Kazuo, Goto, Akira, Kiuchi, Tai, Kumeta, Takaaki, Ohba, Tetsuhiko, Sugar, I. P., Thompson, K. K., Biltonen, R. L., Thompson, T. E., Ichinose, H., Suezaki, Y., Akivama, M., Matuoka, S., Tsuchihashi, K., Gasa, S., Pike, H. M., Mattjus, P., Brown, R. E., Molotkovsky, J. G., Arora, Ashish, Kleinschmidt, Jörg H., Tamm, Lukas K., Kruglyakova, K. E., Luneva, O. G., Fedin, V. A., Kuptsoya, O. S., Visser, A. J. W. G., Visser, N. V., Dyubko, T. S., Ogihara, Toshihiko, Mishima, Kiyoshi, Shvaleva, A. L., Radenović, Č. N., Jeremić, M. G., Radenović, N. Č., Minić, P. M., Salakhutdinov, B. A., Aripov, T. F., Tadjibaeva, E. T., Zamaraeva, M. V., Vagina, O. N., Basak, A. K., Cole, A., Naylor, C., Poppofl, M., Titball, R., Naylor, C. E., Moss, D. S., Eaton, J. T., Justin, N., Titball, R. W., Nomura, F., Nagata, M., Ishjkawa, S., Takahashi, S., Obuchi, Kaoru, Staudegger, Erich, Lohner, Karl, Kriechbaum, Manfred, Waring, Alan J., Lehrer, Robert I., Mayer, Bernd, Köhler, Gottfried, Gangl, Susanne, Shobini, J., Hu, B., Lortz, B., Sackmann, E., Guttenberg, Z., Antonovich, A. N., Slobozhanina, E. I., Lukyanenko, L. M., Kozlova, N. M., Krylov, Andrey V., Kotova, Elena A., Antonenko, Yuri N., Yaroslavov, Alexander A., Ghosh, Subhendu, Bera, Amal K., Das, Sudipto, Urbánková, Eva, Freeman, Karl, Jelokhani-Niaraki, Masood, Jezek, Petr, Usmanov, P. B., Tonkikh, A. K., Ongarbaev, A., Pohl, Peter, Saparov, Sapar M., Harikumar, P., Reeves, J. P., Sikdar, S. K., Rao, S., Ghatpande, A. S., Corsso, C., Varanda, W. A., ElHamel, C., Dé, E., Molle, G., Saint, N., Varshney, Anurae, Mathew, M. K., Isacoff, E. Y., Loots, E., Kasai, Michiki, Yamaguchi, Naohiro, Ghosh, Paramita, Tigyi, Joseph, Miledi, Ricardo, Tigyi, Gabor, Liliom, Karoly, Djurisic, Maja R., Andjus, Pavle R., Shrivastava, Indira H., Sansom, M. S. P., Barrias, C., Oliveira, P. F., Lopes, I. A., Mauricio, A. C., Fedorovich, S. V., Konev, S. V., Sholukh, M. V., Chubanov, V. S., Klevets, M., Fedirko, N., Shvinka, N., Manko, V., Prabhananda, B. S., Kombrabail, Mamata H., Aravamudhan, S., Venegas-Cotero, Berenice, Blake, Ivan Ortega, Zhou, Han-qing, Hu, Xiao-jian, Zhang, Zhi-hong, Feng, Hang-fang, Cheng, Wei-ying, Zalyvsky, I. A., Dubitsky, L. O., Vovkanvch, L. S., Savio-Galimberti, E., Ponce-Homos, J. E., Bonazzola, P., Capurro, Claudia, Parisi, Mario, Toriano, Roxana, Thomas, David D., Ready, Laxma G., Jones, Larry R., Tashmukhamedov, B. A., Sagdullaev, B. T., Heitzmann, D., Bleich, M., Warth, R., Ferreira, H. G., Ferreira, K. T. G., Greger, R., Parola, Abraham H., Alfahel, Essa, Zagoory, Orna, Priel, Zvi, Hama-Inaba, H., Ohyama, H., Hayata, I., Choi, K., Haginoya, K., Mori, M., Wang, R., Yukawa, O., Nakajima, T., Joshi, Nanda B., Kannurpatti, Sridhar K., Sinha, Mau, Joshi, Preeti G., Bei, Ling, Hu, Tianhui, Shen, Xun, Knetsch, Menno L. W., Schäfers, Nicole, Sandblom, John, Galvanovskis, Juris, Kovacs, Eugenia, Dinu, Alexandra, Pologea-Moraru, Roxana, Sanghvi, S. H., Jazbinšek, V., Tronteli, Z., Thiel, G., Wübeller, G., Müller, W., Brumen, Milan, Fajmut, Leš, Marhl, Marko, Volotovski, I. D., Sokolovski, S. G., Knight, M. R., Chalyi, Alexander V., Vasilʼev, Alexei N., Sharma, P., Pant, H. C., Sharma, M., Amin, N. D., Albers, R. W., Steinbach, P. J., Barchir, J., Balasubramanyam, M., Gardner, J. P., Condrescu, M., Pilarczyk, Gotz, Greulich, K. O., Monajembashi, Shamci, El-Awadi, A. I., El-Refaei, F. M., Talaat, M. M., Ali, F. M., Zahradniková, Alexandra, Tahradník, Ivan, Pavelková, Jana, Zhorov, Boris S., Ananthanaravanan, Vettai S., Weiss, D. G., Martin, D., Gornik, E., Neu, E., Michailov, Ch. M., Welscher, U., Seidenbusch, W., Jellali, A., Pattnaik, B. R., Hicks, D., Dreyfus, H., Sahel, J., Picaud, S., Forster, V., Wang, Hong-Wei, Sui, Sen-fang, Luther, Pradeep K., Morris, Ed, Barry, John, Squire, John, Sundari, Sivakama C., Balasubramanian, D., Christlet, Hema Thanka T., Veluraia, K., Suresh, Xavier M., Laretta-Garde, V., Krilov, Dubravka, Herak, Janko N., Stojanović, Nataša, Ferrone, Frank A., Ivanova, Maria, Jasuja, Ravi, Mirchev, Rossen, Stopar, David, Wolfs, Cor J. A. M., Hemminga, Marcus A., Spruijt, Ruud B., Arcovito, G., De Spirito, M., Frank, Joachim, Heagle, Amy B., Grassucci, Robert, Penczek, Pawel, Agrawal, Rajendra K., Sharma, Manjuli R., Wagenknecht, Terence, Jeyakumar, Loice H., Fleischer, Sidney, Knupp, Carlo, Squire, John M., Ezra, Eric, Munro, Peter M. G., Kitazawa, Hidefumi, Ichihara, Koji, Itoh, Tomohiko J., Iguchi, Yusuke, Pifat, Greta, Kveder, Marina, Pečar, Slavko, Schara, Milan, Nair, Deepak, Singh, Kavita, Rao, Kanury V. S., Sundaravadivel, B., Jain, Deepti, Kaur, Kanwaljeet, Salunke, D. M., Goel, Manisha, Kovalenko, E. I., Semenkova, G. N., Cherenkevich, S. N., Loganathan, D., Lakshmanan, T., Sriram, D., Srinivasan, S., Lebrón, J. A., Bjorkman, P. J., Ramalingam, T. S., Singh, A. K., Gayatri, T. N., Bisch, Paulo M., Caffarena, Ernesto R., Grigera, Raul J., Fromherz, P., Kiessling, V., Suresh, C. G., Rao, K. N., Khan, M. I., Gaikwad, S. M., Elanthiraiyan, M., Kaliannan, P., Payne, J., Chadha, K., Ambrus, J. L., Nair, M. P. N., Nair, Madhavan P. N., Hewitt, R., Schwartz, S. A., Mahajan, S., Macherel, D., Bourguignon, J., Neuburger, M., Douce, R., Cohen-Addad, C., Faure, M., Ober, R., Sieker, L., Gurumurthy, D. S., Velmurugan, S., Lobo, Z., Phadke, Ratna S., Desai, Prashant, Alieva, D. R., Guseinova, I. M., Zulfugarov, I. S., Aliev, J. A., Ismayilov, M. A., Novruzova, S. N., Savchenko, T. V., Suleimanov, Yu. S., Bartošková, Hana, Nauš, Jan, Ilík, Petr, Kouřil, Roman, Vidyasagar, P. B., Thomas, Sarah, Gaikwad, Jvoti U., Cseh, Z., Mustárdy, L., Garab, G., Simidjiev, I., Rajagopal, S., Várkonyi, Zs., Holzenburg, A., Stoylova, S., Papp, E., Millar, D. P., Bruder, R., Woo, T. T., Genick, U. K., Gerwert, K., Jávorfí, Tamás, Garab, Győző, Naqvi, Razi K., Gaikwad, Jyoti, Kalimullah, Md., Semwal, Manoj, Naus, Man, Ilik, Petr, Kouril, Roman, Horváth, Gábor, Bernard, Gary D., Pomozi, István, Wehner, Rüdiger, Damjanović, Ana, Schulten, Klaus, Ritz, Thorsten, Yandao, Gong, Jushuo, Wang, Nanming, Zhao, Jixiu, Shan, Freiberg, Arvi, Timpmann, Kõu, Woodbury, Neal W., Ruus, Rein, Nemtseva, E. V., Kudryasheva, N. S., Sizykh, A. G., Tikhomirov, A. A., Nesterenko, T. V., Shikhov, V. N., Forti, Giorgio, Furia, Alberto, Finazzi, Giovanni, Barbagallo, Romina Paola, Agalarov, R., Gasanov, R., Iskenderova, S., Nobuhiro, G. O., Osamu, Miyashita, Ramrakhiani, M., Soni, R. K., Yoshida, Masasuke, Akutsu, Hideo, Yagi, Hiromasa, Tozawa, Kacko, Sekino, Nobuaki, Iwabuchi, Tomoyuki, Kaulen, A. D., Avetisyan, A. V., Feniouk, B. A., Skulachev, V. P., Breyton, Cécile, Kühlbrandt, Werner, Gräslund, Astrid, Assarsson, Maria, Libisch, B., Horváth, G., Gombos, Z., Budagovskaya, N. V., Kudryasheva, N., Fukunishi, Arima, Harada, Erisa, Fukuoka, Yuki, Ohmura, Tomoaki, Kawai, Gota, Watanabe, Kimitsuna, Žekš, Boštjan, Božič, Bojan, Derganc, Jure, Svetina, Saša, Hoh, J. F. Y., Li, Z. B., Rossmanith, G. H., Frederix, P. L. T. M., de Beer, E. L., Treijtel, B. W., Blangè, T., Galtet, F., Hénon, S., Isabey, D., Planus, E., Laurent, V., Rath, L. S., Raval, M. K., Dash, P. K., Ramakrishnan, C., Balaram, R., Basak, Kanika, Balaban, Alexandra T., Nandy, Ashesh, Grunwald, Gregory D., Vracko, Marjan, Randic, Milan, Basak, Subhash C., Amic, Dragan, Beslo, Drago, Trinajstic, Nenad, Nikolic, Sonja, Walahaw, J., Lensink, Marc F. J., Reddy, Boojala V. B., Shindylov, Ilya N., Bourne, Philip E., Grigera, J. R., de Xammar Oro, J., Donnamaria, M. C., Neagu, Monica, Neagu, Adrian, Janežič, Dušanka, Praprotnik, Matej, Nilsson, Lennart, Mark, Pekka, Fata, La L., Dardenne, Laurent E., Werneck, Araken S., Neto, Marçal de O., Kannan, N., Vishveshwara, S., Veluraja, K., Opitz, David, Balasubramanian, Krishnan, Gute, Brian D., Mills, Denise, Lungeanu, Diana, Mihalas, G. I., Macovievici, G., Gruia, Raluca, Dalcin, B., Cortez-Maghelly, C., Passos, E. P., Ljubisavljevic, M., Blesic, S., Milosevic, S., Stratimirovic, D. J., Bachhawat, Nandita, Mande, Shekhar C., Nandy, A., Nishigaki, Koichi, Saito, Ayumu, Naimuddin, Mohammed, Takaesu, Hirotomo, Ono, Mitsuo, Hirokawa, Takatsugu, Eissa, A. M., Ahmed, Abdalla S., El Gohary, M. I., Nakashima, Hiroshi, Raghava, G. P. S., Kurgalvuk, N., Goryn, O., Gerstman, Bernard S., Kratasyuk, V. A., Esimbekova, E. N., Gritsenko, E. V., Remmel, N. N., Maznyak, O. M., German, A., Tikhonov, A., Tchitchkan, D., Koulchitsky, S., Pashkevich, S., Pletnev, S., Kulchitsky, V., Pesotskaya, Y., Shapiro, Erik M., Borthakur, Arijitt, Dimitrov, Ivan, Leigh, John S., Rizi, Rahim, Reddy, Ravinder, Charagundla, Sridhar, Duvvuri, Umamaheswar, Degaonkar, M., Khubchandani, M., Kumar, Mahesh, Jagannathan, N R., Raghunathan, P., Jayasundar, Rama, Coshic, O., Rath, O. K., Julka, P. K., Iliescu, Karina Roxana, Sajin, Maria, Petcu, Ileana, Moisoi, Nicolcta, Kuzmenko, A. I., Donchenko, G. V., Nikolenko, I. A., Morozova, R. P., Rahman, M. K., Ahmed, M. M., Watanabe, Takehiro, Uretzky, G., Ammar, R., Sharony, R., Rubin, Y., Gilboa, H., Mallick, H. N., Kumar, Mohan V., Begum, Gulnaz M., Degaonkar, Mahaveer N., Govindasamy, S., Kumosani, T. A., Lupusoru, C., Titescu, G., Haulica, I., Stefanescu, I., Iliescu, R., Nastasa, V., Bild, W., Khetawat, Gopal, Nealen, M., Faraday, N., Bray, P. F., Noga, S., Lycholat, E. A., Ananieva, T. V., Kosevich, M V., Stepanyan, S. G., Antonyuk, S. V., Khachatryan, A., Kumar, A., Arakelian, H., Khachatryan, R., Agadjanyan, S., Ayrapetyan, S., Mkheyan, V., Rajan, S. S., Kabaleeswaran, V., Gopalakrishnan, Geetha, Govindachari, T. R., Ramrakhiani, Meera, Cullen, David C., Lowe, Phillip, Badley, Andrew, Hermel, H., Möhwald, H., Schmahl, W., Singh, Anil K., Das, Joydip, Majumdar, Nirmalya, Dér, András, Oroszi, László, Kelemen, Loránd, Ormos, Pál, Hámori, András, Ramsden, Jeremy J., Mitra, Chanchal K., Savitri, D., Yanagida, Toshio, Esaki, Seiji, Sowa, Yosiyuki, Nishida, Tomoyuki, Kimura, Yuji, Radu, M., Laukhina, E. E., Kasumova, L. A., Koltover, V. K., Bubnov, V. P., Estrin, Ya. I., Dotta, Rajiv, Zahradník, Ivan, Marko, Milan, Novák, Pavel, Miyata, Hidetake, Hirata, Hiroaki, Sengupta, P., Maiti, S., Balaji, J., Banerjee, S., Barker, A. L., Winlove, C. P., OʼHare, D., Macpherson, J. V., Gonsalves, M., Unwin, P. R., Phillip, R., Kumar, Ravindra G., Murata, K., Nagayaka, K., Danev, R., Sugitani, S., Gősch, Michael, Thyberg, P., Földes-Papp, Z., Björk, G., Blom, H., Holm, J., Heino, T., Inagaki, Fuyuhiko, Yokochi, Masashi, Kusunoki, Masami, Matthews, E. K., Pines, J., Chukova, Yu. P., Koltover, Vitaly K., Kang, B. P. S., Bansal, Geetanjali, Bansal, M. P., Singh, U., Singh, Uma, Nakata, Kotoko, Nakano, Tastuya, Kaminuma, Tsuguchika, Kirn, Bonn, Potocnik, Neja, Stare, Vito, Shukla, Latal, Sastry, M. D., Natarajan, V., Devasagayam, T. P. A., Kesavan, P. C., Sayfutdinov, R., Degermendzhy, A. G., Adamovich, V. V., Rogozin, Yu. D., Khetrapal, C. L., Gowda, G. A. Nagana, Ghimire, Kedar Nath, Masaru, Ishida, Fujita, H., Ishiwata, S., Suzuki, M., Kawahara, S., Kirino, Y., Kishimoto, Y., Mori, H., Mishina, M., Ohshima, H., Dukhin, A. S., Goetz, P. J., Shilov, V. N., and Mishra, R. K.

Published
1999
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5. Gonococcal Pilus: Genetics and Structure

Author

So, M., Billyard, E., Deal, C., Getzoff, E., Hagblom, P., Meyer, T. F., Segal, E., Tainer, J., Clarke, A., editor, Compans, R. W., editor, Cooper, M., editor, Eisen, H., editor, Goebel, W., editor, Koprowski, H., editor, Melchers, F., editor, Oldstone, M., editor, Rott, R., editor, Schweiger, H. G., editor, Vogt, P. K., editor, Wagner, H., editor, and Wilson, I., editor

Published
1985
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14. Structure–function studies on anS-adenosyl-L-methionine dependent uroporphyrinogen-IIIC-methyltransferase (SUMT), a key regulatory enzyme of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis

Author

Vévodová, J., primary, Graham, R. M., additional, Raux, E., additional, Schubert, H. L., additional, Roper, D. I., additional, Brindley, A. A., additional, Scott, A. I., additional, Roessner, C. A., additional, Stamford, N. P. J., additional, Stroupe, M. E., additional, Getzoff, E. D., additional, Warren, M. J., additional, and Wilson, K. S., additional

Published
2004
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32. Function of the Greek key connection analysed using circular permutants of superoxide dismutase.

Author

Boissinot, M., Karnas, S., Lepock, J. R., Cabelli, D. E., Tainer, J. A., Getzoff, E. D., and Hallewell, R. A.

Subjects
SUPEROXIDE dismutase, ESCHERICHIA coli, PROTEINS, PROTEIN folding, PROTEIN conformation
Abstract

Human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a single domain all β-sheet protein with its eight β-strands arranged as a Greek key β-barrel or immunoglobulin fold. Three circularly permuted variants of SOD were made by joining the native amino- and carboxy-termini, and introducing new termini at sites originally within connections between β-strands. The locations of the new termini were chosen to interrupt β-turns between the two N-terminal β-hairpins and the short cross-barrel Greek key connection. Expression levels in the Escherichia coli periplasm were indistinguishable from that of native SOD. Reaction rates for the purified proteins were similar to those of the native enzyme, indicating that the permutants are correctly folded. Interrupting the covalent cross-bracing provided by the Greek key connection reduced the stability of the protein by ∼1.0 kcal/mol, indicating only a slight contribution to conformational stability. The experiments test and eliminate two hypotheses for folding pathways for Greek key β-barrels that require N-terminal β-hairpins or covalent attachment across the short Greek key connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1997
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34. Tryptophan 409 controls the activity of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase by regulating nitric oxide feedback inhibition.

Author

Adak, S, Crooks, C, Wang, Q, Crane, B R, Tainer, J A, Getzoff, E D, and Stuehr, D J

Abstract

The heme of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase participates in oxygen activation but also binds self-generated NO during catalysis resulting in reversible feedback inhibition. We utilized point mutagenesis to investigate if a conserved tryptophan residue (Trp-409), which engages in pi-stacking with the heme and hydrogen bonds to its axial cysteine ligand, helps control catalysis and regulation by NO. Surprisingly, mutants W409F and W409Y were hyperactive compared with the wild type regarding NO synthesis without affecting cytochrome c reduction, reductase-independent N-hydroxyarginine oxidation, or Arg and tetrahydrobiopterin binding. In the absence of Arg, NADPH oxidation measurements showed that electron flux through the heme was actually slower in the Trp-409 mutants than in wild-type nNOS. However, little or no NO complex accumulated during NO synthesis by the mutants, as opposed to the wild type. This difference was potentially related to mutants forming unstable 6-coordinate ferrous-NO complexes under anaerobic conditions even in the presence of Arg and tetrahydrobiopterin. Thus, Trp-409 mutations minimize NO feedback inhibition by preventing buildup of an inactive ferrous-NO complex during the steady state. This overcomes the negative effect of the mutation on electron flux and results in hyperactivity. Conservation of Trp-409 among different NOS suggests that the ability of this residue to regulate heme reduction and NO complex formation is important for enzyme physiologic function.

Published
1999

35. Mutational analysis of the tetrahydrobiopterin-binding site in inducible nitric-oxide synthase.

Author

Ghosh, S, Wolan, D, Adak, S, Crane, B R, Kwon, N S, Tainer, J A, Getzoff, E D, and Stuehr, D J

Abstract

Inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) is a hemeprotein that requires tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) for activity. The influence of H4B on iNOS structure-function is complex, and its exact role in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is unknown. Crystal structures of the mouse iNOS oxygenase domain (iNOSox) revealed a unique H4B-binding site with a high degree of aromatic character located in the dimer interface and near the heme. Four conserved residues (Arg-375, Trp-455, Trp-457, and Phe-470) engage in hydrogen bonding or aromatic stacking interactions with the H4B ring. We utilized point mutagenesis to investigate how each residue modulates H4B function. All mutants contained heme ligated to Cys-194 indicating no deleterious effect on general protein structure. Ala mutants were monomers except for W457A and did not form a homodimer with excess H4B and Arg. However, they did form heterodimers when paired with a full-length iNOS subunit, and these were either fully or partially active regarding NO synthesis, indicating that preserving residue identities or aromatic character is not essential for H4B binding or activity. Aromatic substitution at Trp-455 or Trp-457 generated monomers that could dimerize with H4B and Arg. These mutants bound Arg and H4B with near normal affinity, but Arg could not displace heme-bound imidazole, and they had NO synthesis activities lower than wild-type in both homodimeric and heterodimeric settings. Aromatic substitution at Phe-470 had no significant effects. Together, our work shows how hydrogen bonding and aromatic stacking interactions of Arg-375, Trp-457, Trp-455, and Phe-470 influence iNOSox dimeric structure, heme environment, and NO synthesis and thus help modulate the multiple effects of H4B.

Published
1999

36. Contributory presentations/posters

Author

Manoj, N., Srinivas, V., Surolia, A., Vijayan, M., Suguna, K., Ravishankar, R., Suguna, K., Surolia, A., Vijayan, M., Schwarzenbacher, R., Zeth, K., Diederichs, Kostner, G., Gries, A., Laggner, P., Prassl, R., Madhusudan, Akamine, Pearl, Xuong, Nguyen-huu, Taylor, Susan, Sagar, M., Ravishankar, R., Saikrishnan, K., Roy, S., Purnapatre, K., Handa, P., Varshney, U., Vijayan, M., Biswal, B., Sukumar, N., Vijayan, M., Rao, J., Johnson, A., Pattabhi, Vasantha, Krishna, S., Sastri, Mira, Savithri, H., Murthy, M., Pillai, Bindu, Kannan, Hosur, M., Kumar, Mukesh, Patwardhan, Swati, Kannan, K., Hosur, M., Padmanabhaa, B., Sasaki-Sugio, S., Nukaga, M., Matsuzaki, T., Karthikevan, S., Sharma, S., Sharma, A., Paramasivam, M., Kumar, P., Khan, J., Yadav, S., Srinivasan, A., Singh, T., Gourinath, S., Alam, Neelima, Srintvasan, A., Singh, T., Chandra, Vikas, Kaur, Punit, Betzel, Ch., Singh, T., Ghosh, S., Bera, A., Bhattacharya, S., Chakraborty, S., Pal, A., Mukhopadhyay, B., Dey, I., Haldar, U., Baneriee, Asok, Sevcik, Jozef, Solovicova, Adriana, Sekar, K., Sundaralingam, M., Betzel, Ch., Genov, N., Singh, T., Liang, Dong-cai, Jiang, Tao, Zhang, Ji-ping, Chang, Wen-rui, Jahnke, Wolfgang, Blommers, Marcel, Panchal, S., Hosur, R., Pillay, Bindu, Hosur, M., Mathur, Puniti, Srivatsun, S., Joshi, Ratan, Jaganathan, N., Chauhan, V., Atreya, H., Sahu, S., Chary, K., Govil, Girjesh, Adjadj, Elisabeth, Quinjou, Éric, Izadi-Pruneyre, Nadia, Blouquit, Yves, Mispelter, Joël, Heyd, Bernadette, Lerat, Guilhem, Milnard, Philippe, Desmadreil, Michel, Lin, Y., Rao, B., Raghunathan, Vidva, Chau, Mei, Rao, B., Pesais, Prashant, Srivastava, Sudha, Coutinho, Evans, Saran, Anil, Sapico, Leizl, Gesme, Jayson, Lijima, Herbert, Paxton, Raymond, Srikrishnan, Thamarapu, Grace, C., Nagenagowda, G., Lynn, A., Cowsik, Sudha, Sahu, Sarata, Chauhan, S., Bhattacharya, A., Chary, K., Govil, G., Kumar, Anil, Pellecchia, Maurizio, Zuiderweg, Erik, Kawano, Keiichi, Aizawa, Tomoyasu, Fujitani, Naoki, Hayakawa, Yoichi, Ohnishi, Atsushi, Ohkubo, Tadayasu, Kumaki, Yasuhiro, Hikichi, Kunio, Nitta, Katsutoshi, Rani Parvathy, V., Chary, K., Kini, R., Govil, G., Koshiba, Takumi, Kobashigawa, Yoshihiro, Yao, Min, Demura, Makoto, Nakagawa, Astushi, Tanaka, Isao, Kuwajima, Kunihiro, Nitta, Katsutoshi, Linge, Jens, Donoghue, Seán, Nilges, Michael, Chakshusmathi, G., Ratnaparkhi, Girish, Madhu, P., Varadarajan, R., Tetreau, C., Tourbez, M., Lavalette, D., Manno, M., Biagio, P., Martorana, V., Emanuele, A., Vaiana, S., Bulone, D., Palma-Vittorelli, M., Palma, M., Trivedi, V., Cheng, S., Chien, W., Yang, S., Francis, S., Chang, D., Batra, Renn, Geeves, Michael, Manstein, Dietmar, Trvlska, Joanna, Grochowski, Pawel, Geller, Maciej, Ginalski, K., Grochowski, P., Lesyng, B., Lavalette, P., Tetreau, C., Tourbez, M., Blouquit, Y., Roccatano, D., Amadei, A., Nola, A., Berendsen, H., Ho, Bosco, Curmi, P., Berry, H., Lairez, D., Pauthe, E., Pelta, J., Kothekar, V., Sahi, Shakti, Srinivasan, M., Singh, Anil, Madhusudnan, Kartha, Nandel, Fateh, Kaur, Harpreet, Nandel, Fateh, Singh, Balwinder, Jain, D., Feenstra, K., Berendsen, Herman, Tama, F., Sanejouand, Y., Go, N., Sharma, Deepak, Sharma, Sunita, Pasha, Santosh, Brahmachari, Samir, Viiavaraghavan, R., Makker, Jyoti, Dey, Sharmisllia, Kumar, S., Singh, T., Lakshmikanth, G., Krishnamoorthy, G., Mazhul, V., Zaitseva, E., Kierdaszuk, Borys, Widengren, J., Terry, B., Mets, Ü., Rigler, R., Swaminathan, R., Thamotharan, S., Yathindra, N., Shibata, Y., Chosrowjan, H., Mataga, N., Morisima, I., Chakraharty, Tania, Xiao, Ming, Cooke, Roger, Selvin, Paul, Branca, C., Faraone, A., Magazù, S., Maisano, G., Migliardo, P., Villari, V., Behere, Digambar, Deva, M., Brunori, M., Cutruzzolà, F., Gibson, Q., Savino, C., Travaglini-Allocatelli, C., Vallone, B., Prasad, Swati, Mazumdar, Shyamalava, Mitra, Samaresh, Soto, P., Fayad, R., Sukovataya, I., Tyulkova, N., Mamedov, Sh., Aktas, B., Canturk, M., Aksakal, B., Yilgin, R., Bogutska, K., Miroshnichenko, N., Chacko, S., DiSanto, M., Hypolite, J., Zheng, Y-M., Wein, A., Wojciechowski, M., Grycuk, T., Antosiewicz, J., Lesyng, B., Ceruso, Marc, Nola, Alfredo, Bandvopadhvay, Subhasis, Chatterjee, Bishnu, Choudhury, Devapriva, Thompson, Andrew, Stojanoff, Vivian, Pinkner, Jerome, Hultgren, Scott, Khight, Stefan, Flatters, Delphine, Goodfellow, Julia, Takazawatt, Fumi, Kanehisa, Minoru, Sasai, Masaki, Nakamura, Hironori, Sasai, Masaki, Han, Wang, Zheng, Yuan, Xin, Wang, Min, Pan, Bhakuni, Vlnod, Kulkarni, Sangeeta, Ahmad, Atta, Prakash, Koodathingal, Prajapati, Shashi, Surin, Alexey, Matsumoto, Tomoharu, Yang, Li, Nakagawa, Yuki, Kimura, Kazumoto, Amemiya, Yoshiyuki, Semisotnov, Gennady, Kihara, Hiroshi, Tayyab, Saad, Muzammil, Salman, Kumar, Yogesh, Kulkarni, Sangeeta, Prajapati, Shashi, Prakash, Koodathingal, Ahmad, Atta, Bhakuni, Vinod, Sundd, Monica, Kundu, Suman, Jagannadham, M., Kundu, Suman, Sundd, Monica, Jagannadham, Medicherla, Chandani, Bina, Dhar, Ruby, Sinha, Lalankumar, Warrier, Deepti, Mehrotra, Sonam, Khandelwal, Purnima, Seth, Subhendu, Hosur, R., Sasidhar, Y., Prabha, C., Gidwani, Arun, Ahmad, Atta, Kulkarni, Sangeeta, Madhusudan, K., Bhakuni, Vinod, Kinjo, Akira, Nishikawa, Ken, Chakravarty, Suvobrata, Varadarajan, Raghavan, Noyelle, K., Haezebrouck, P., Joniau, M., Dael, H., Dash, Sheffali, Jha, Indra, Bhat, Rajiv, Mohanty, Prasanna, Bandyopadhyay, A., Sonawat, H., Rao, Ch., Datta, Siddhartha, Rajaraman, K., Raman, B., Ramakrishna, T., Rao, Ch., Pande, A., Pande, J., Betts, S., Asherie, N., Ogun, O., King, J., Benedek, G., Sokolova, I., Tyulkova, N., Kalacheva, G., Sonoyama, Masashi, Yokoyama, Yasunori, Taira, Kunihiro, Mitaku, Shigeki, Nakazawal, Chicko, Sasakil, Takanori, Mukai, Yuri, Kamo, Naoki, Sonoyama, Masashi, Mitaku, Shigeki, Dalal, Seema, Regan, Lynne, Mukai, Yuri, Kamo, Naoki, Mituku, Shigeki, Roychoudhury, Mihir, Kumar, Devesh, Lőrinczv, Dénes, Könczöl, Franciska, Farkas, László, Belagyi, Joseph, Schick, Christoph, Thomson, Christy, Ananthanarayanan, Vettai, Alirzayeva, E., Baba-Zade, S., Gromiha, M., Oobatake, M., Kono, H., An, J., Uedaira, H., Sarai, A., Takano, Kazufumi, Yamagata, Yuriko, Yutani, Katsuhide, Jas, Gouri, Muñoz, Victor, Hofrichter, James, Eaton, William, Penoyar, Jonathan, Srikrishnan, Thamarapu, Lo Verde, Philip, Kardos, J., Bódi, Á., Venekei, I., Závodszky, P., Gráf, L., Szilágyi, András, Závodszky, Péter, Allan, R., Walshaw, J., Woolfson, D., Funahashi, Jun, Takano, Kazufumi, Yamagata, Yuriko, Yutani, Katsuhide, Gupta, Savan, Mazumdar, Shyamalava, Di Nola, A., Mangoni, M., Roccatano, P., Ramachandraiah, Gosu, Chandra, Nagasuma, Kothekar, V., Srinivasan, M., Sahi, Shakti, Chakraborty, S., Bhattacharya, S., Bera, A., Ghosh, S., Pal, A., Haldar, U., Mukhopadhyay, B., Baneriee, Asok, Ciani, Barbara, Woolfson, Derek, Nair, Usha, Kaur, Kanwal, Salunke, Dinakar, Swaminathan, Chittoor, Surolia, Avadhesha, Rigler, R., Pramanik, A., Jonasson, P., Kratz, G., Jansson, O., Nygren, P., Ståhl, S., Ekberg, K., Johansson, B., Uhlén, S., Uhlén, M., Jörnvall, H., Wahren, J., Welfle, Karin, Misselwitz, Rolf, Höhne, Wolfgang, Welfle, Heinz, Mazhul, V., Zaitseva, E., Mitskevich, L., Fedurkina, N., Kurganov, B., Jarori, Gotam, Maity, Haripada, Guharay, J., Sengupta, B., Sengupta, P., Sridevi, K., Kasturi, S., Gupta, S., Agarwal, Gunjan, Kwong, Suzanne, Briehl, Robin, Ismailova, O., N, Tyulkova, Hariharan, C., Pines, D., Pines, E., Zamai, M., Cohen-Luria, R., Yayon, A., Parola, A., Padya, M., Spooner, G., Woolfeon, D., Bakshi, Panchan, Sharma, Deepak, Sharma, Sunita, Bharadwaj, D., Pasha, Santosh, Sharma, U., Srivastava, N., Barthwal, R., Jagannathan, N., Matsuda, Keiko, Nishioka, Takaaki, Go, Nobuhiro, Aita, T., Urata, S., Husimi, Y., Majumder, Mainak, Chatterjee, Bishnu, Abrescia, Nicola, Malinina, Lucy, Subirana, Juan, Aymami, Juan, Eritxa, Ramón, Coll, Miquel, Premraj, B., Yathindra, N., Thenmalarchelvi, R., Yathindra, N., Kumar, P., Gautham, N., Kan, Lou, Ming-Hou, Lin, Shwu-Bin, Sana, Tapas, 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Published
1999
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37. Identical short peptide sequences in unrelated proteins can have different conformations: a testing ground for theories of immune recognition.

Author

Wilson, I A, Haft, D H, Getzoff, E D, Tainer, J A, Lerner, R A, and Brenner, S

Abstract

The ability of antibodies raised against disordered short peptides to interact frequently with their cognate sequences in intact folded proteins has raised a major theoretical issue in protein chemistry. We propose to address this issue by using antibodies raised against peptides with identical sequences, but different conformations, in pairs of unrelated proteins of known three-dimensional structure. The general search method presented here enabled us to detect candidate sequences for such immunological studies.

Published
1985
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38. Genetically Engineered Polymers of Human CuZn Superoxide Dismutase

Author

Hallewell, R A, Laria, I, Tabrizi, A, Carlin, G, Getzoff, E D, Tainer, J A, Cousens, L S, and Mullenbach, G T

Abstract

CuZn superoxide dismutase is a highly stable dimer of identical subunits with a combined molecular mass of 32,000 daltons. Two human superoxide dismutase genes have been joined in the same translational reading frame, using spacers of different lengths, to encode single chain proteins consisting of two identical human superoxide dismutase subunits. The first construct encodes two directly linked subunits; the terminal glutamine codon of the first gene was changed to a methionine codon and followed immediately by the second gene. The second construct encodes two subunits linked by a 19-amino-acid human immunoglobulin IgA1 hinge sequence. Both constructs produce high levels of catalytically active superoxide dismutase when expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein containing the IgA1 hinge sequence forms polymers up to 750,000 in molecular weight, which are linked together noncovalently by the hydrophobic bonding of the dimer interface. The polymers are soluble, thermostable, and of near normal specific activity. Site-directed in vitromutagenesis was used to inactivate one of the two human superoxide dismutase subunits. The resulting human superoxide dismutase polymers have approximately 50% activity, thus confirming that the products of both genes are catalytically active. Large amounts of individual polymeric forms have been purified from recombinant yeast and tested for serum stability in rats. The serum half-life is approximately 7 min for both the two-chain wild type human superoxide dismutase dimer (Mr32,000) and the single chain molecule consisting of a human superoxide dismutase dimer covalently linked by the immunoglobulin hinge region (Mr34,000), whereas the higher molecular weight polymers (Mr≥ 68,000) all have half-lives of approximately 145 min.

Published
1989
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39. Crystallographic characterization of recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase.

Author

Parge, H E, Getzoff, E D, Scandella, C S, Hallewell, R A, and Tainer, J A

Abstract

Recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase as expressed in yeast has been crystallized in three different crystal forms. Hexagonal plates grow from 2.4 M ammonium sulfate, pH 7.5, and belong to the space group P6(3)22, with cell dimensions a = b = 113.5(3), c = 151.5(5) A, and Vm = 2.21 A3/dalton for two dimers per asymmetric unit. At 2.0 M ammonium sulfate, pH 7.5, chunky wedges grow in space group C222(1), a = 205.2(6), b = 166.5(4), c = 145.4(4) A with a Vm of 2.43 A3/dalton for eight dimers per asymmetric unit. With polyethylene glycol 8000, pH 7.5-8.0, hexagonal prisms are obtained with cell dimensions a = b = 197.4(6), c = 43.1(2) A, space group P6, and Vm = 2.53 A3/dalton for three dimers per asymmetric unit. All of these forms diffract to high resolution, are stable to x-rays, and appear suitable for determination of the atomic structure. Crystals of the doubly mutated enzyme (Cys6----Ala, Cys111----Ser) grown from both micro- and macroseeds of the wild type protein demonstrate the feasibility of isomorphous crystallization of site-directed mutants of the cloned parent enzyme for comparative structure-function studies.

Published
1986
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40. The beta bulge: a common small unit of nonrepetitive protein structure.

Author

Richardson, J S, Getzoff, E D, and Richardson, D C

Abstract

A beta bulge is a region between two consecutive beta-type hydrogen bonds which includes two residues (positions 1 and 2) on one strand opposite a single residue (position x) on the other strand. Compared to regular beta structure, a beta bulge puts the usual alternation of side-chain direction out of register on one of the strands, introduces a slight bend in the beta sheet, and locally accentuates the usual right-handed strand twist. Almost all beta bulges are between antiparallel strands, usually between a narrow rather than a wide pair of hydrogen bonds. Ninety-one examples are listed. The two commonest types are the "classic" beta bulge, with position 1 in approximately alpha-helical conformation, and the "G1" beta bulge, with a required glycine at position 1 in approximately left-handed alpha-helical conformation, G1 bulges almost always occur in combination with a type II tight turn. The functional roles of beta bulges probably include compensating for the effects of a single-residue insertion or deletion within beta structure and providing the strong local twist required for form closed beta barrel structures.

Published
1978
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41. Primary structure of phage mu transposase: homology to mu repressor.

Author

Harshey, R M, Getzoff, E D, Baldwin, D L, Miller, J L, and Chaconas, G

Abstract

The phage Mu transposase is essential for integration, replication-transposition, and excision of Mu DNA. We present the complete nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of the transposase and analyze implications for transposase/DNA interaction. The NH2 terminus of the Mu transposase has considerable sequence homology with the Mu repressor and with the NH2 terminus of the transposase of the Mu-like phage D108. These three proteins are known to share binding sites on DNA. The protein sequence and predicted secondary structural similarities at the NH2 termini of the three proteins suggest a common DNA-binding region similar to the regions found in proteins of known structure. An internal sequence in the Mu A protein also shares these features. We anticipate that these regions will be involved in DNA recognition during transposition.

Published
1985
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42. Significant structural and functional change of an antigen-binding site by a distant amino acid substitution: proposal of a structural mechanism.

Author

Chien, N C, Roberts, V A, Giusti, A M, Scharff, M D, and Getzoff, E D

Abstract

To study the molecular basis for antibody diversity and the structural basis for antigen binding, we have characterized the loss of phosphocholine (P-Cho) binding both experimentally and computationally in U10, a somatic mutant of the antibody S107. Nucleotide sequencing of U10 shows a single base change in JH1, substituting Asp-101 with Ala, over 9 A distant from the P-Cho-binding pocket. Probing with antiidiotypic antibodies suggests local, not global, conformational changes. Computational results support a specific structural mechanism for the loss of P-Cho binding. The U10 mutation eliminates the charged interaction between Asp-101 and Arg-94, which allows the Arg-94 side chain to disrupt P-Cho binding sterically and electrostatically by folding into the P-Cho-binding site. These results specifically show the importance of the Arg-94 to Asp-101 side chain salt bridge in the heavy-chain CDR3 conformation and suggest that residues distant from the binding site play an important role in antibody diversity and inducible complementarity.

Published
1989
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43. Crystallographic structure of a photoreceptor protein at 2.4 A resolution.

Author

McRee, D E, Tainer, J A, Meyer, T E, Van Beeumen, J, Cusanovich, M A, and Getzoff, E D

Abstract

The first essential step in protein photoreception is the capture and storage of energy from a photon. We have recently identified and isolated, from the purple photoautotrophic bacterium, Ectothiorhodospira halophila, a 13,000-dalton photoactive yellow protein (PYP) that has a photocycle with kinetics similar to sensory rhodopsin and a very high quantum efficiency. To study the structural chemistry of protein photoreception, we determined, refined, and analyzed the crystallographic structure of PYP at 2.4 A resolution and report here that it is composed of two perpendicular antiparallel beta-sheets that enclose the chromophore. Each of the 10 beta-strands of PYP is connected directly to its nearest neighbor with +1 topology. Globally, an asymmetric distribution of side chains places aromatic and acidic side chains in an ellipsoidal band around the chromophore with a cluster of basic side chains on one side. Locally, the electron density maps place an internal lysine and the chromophore in an apparent Schiff base linkage stabilized by a buried glutamate and a tyrosine side chain. To our knowledge, the atomic resolution structure of a protein with a reversible photoisomerization has not been reported previously. Furthermore, PYP may also represent a class of proteins that bind conjugated molecules and interact with a secondary receptor system.

Published
1989
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44. Gonococcal pilus: genetics and structure

Author

So M, Billyard E, Deal C, Getzoff E, Hagblom P, Tf, Meyer, Segal E, and John Tainer

Subjects
Antigens, Bacterial, Virulence, Chromosome Mapping, Genetic Variation, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Cross Reactions, Antibodies, Bacterial, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Epitopes, Phenotype, Genes, Bacterial, Fimbriae, Bacterial, bacteria, Amino Acid Sequence, Fimbriae Proteins, Cloning, Molecular, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Abstract

Antigenic variation is a means by which many infectious organisms evade the host immune response. This phenomenon has been observed in animal viruses (e.g., influenza virus), parasites (e.g., Trypanosoma brucei), and bacteria (e.g., Borrelia recurrentis). Recent work has shown that two surface proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae undergo antigenic variation as well. These two virulence factors are the pilus and the opacity (PII) proteins, both of which promote gonococcal binding to host (human) epithelial cells (BUCHANAN and PIERCE 1976; SWANSON 1973). In this chapter, we shall emphasize the work done on the pilus system. We present evidence that phase and antigenic variation are closely linked phenomena; that the regulation of pilus expression is reminiscent of yeast mating type interconversion and of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement; and that the gonococcal pilin belongs to a class or family of bacterial pilins with a common subunit structure.

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