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In almonds (Prunus dulcis), selecting salt-tolerant rootstocks and genotypes is an appropriate breeding strategy. In the present research, we grafted two commercial almond cultivars (‘Sahand’ and ‘TS3’) on the ‘GF677’ rootstock. Then, we monitored the impact of salinity (0.5, 6.5, and 8.5 dS m-1) on the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of the Sahand and TS3 cultivars. The photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll (a, b and total) content, and carotenoid content decreased with increasing salinity levels in both cultivars, with the least decrease observed in TS3. Under a salinity level of 8.5 dS/m, Sahand exhibited the lowest growth (8.9 cm), leaf area (5412.5 mm2), Chla, Chlb, Chltotal and carotenoid contents (0.58, 0.15, 0.74 and 0.31 mg g-1FW, respectively). Additionally, Sahand had a Fm/Fv (0.75), N content (1.33%) and Ca, B, Mg, S, Fe and Zn values of 1654.55, 1.64, 395.28, 168.6, 10.35 and 3.05 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, Sahand exhibited the highest MDA level (25.17 nmol g-1FW), TFC (2.95 mg GA g−1FW), Na content (649.84 mg L-1) and Cl content (3.52%). the lowest TFC (1.75 mg GA g−1FW) and the highest NHX1 expression, photosynthesis rate (5.65 μmol m-2 s-1), gs (0.1 mol m-1 s-1) transpiration rate (6.08 mmol m-1 s-1), Ca, S and B content (1903.63, 196.9 and 2.09 mg L-1, respectively) were belonged to TS3 under 0.5 dS/m salinity. Higher levels of Mg and Fe in the TS3 cultivar resulted in the stablization of photosynthetic pigments. Compared to Sahand, TS3 had a higher nitrogen content, and its greater NHX1 expression was a molecular confirmation of its salt tolerance.

Two novel crossover models for breast cancer that incorporate Ψ-Caputo fractal variable-order fractional derivatives, fractal fractional-order derivatives, and variable-order fractional stochastic derivatives driven by variable-order fractional Brownian motion and the crossover model for breast cancer that incorporates Atangana–Baleanu Caputo fractal variable-order fractional derivatives, fractal fractional-order derivatives, and variable-order fractional stochastic derivatives driven by variable-order fractional Brownian motion are presented here, where we used a simple nonstandard kernel function Ψ(t) in the first model and a non-singular kernel in the second model. Moreover, we evaluated our models using actual statistics from Saudi Arabia. To ensure consistency with the physical model problem, the symmetry parameter ζ is introduced. We can obtain the fractal variable-order fractional Caputo and Caputo–Katugampola derivatives as special cases from the proposed Ψ-Caputo derivative. The crossover dynamics models define three alternative models: fractal variable-order fractional model, fractal fractional-order model, and variable-order fractional stochastic model over three-time intervals. The stability of the proposed model is analyzed. The Ψ-nonstandard finite-difference method is designed to solve fractal variable-order fractional and fractal fractional models, and the Toufik–Atangana method is used to solve the second crossover model with the non-singular kernel. Also, the nonstandard modified Euler–Maruyama method is used to study the variable-order fractional stochastic model. Numerous numerical tests and comparisons with real data were conducted to validate the methods’ efficacy and support the theoretical conclusions.

Since clitics interconnect different modules of the grammar and are hosted by various hosts from different categories, they have attracted the attention of many linguists. Besides, their interaction with their hosts and positioning in the second position seems interesting. Central Kurdish (CK) like some other Iranian languages such as Persian, Vafsi, among others have two sets of Person Agreement Markers (PAM), a Direct set and an Oblique set, sometimes also called Set1 and Set2, respectively. In Mukri Kurdish like other Iranian languages clitics can be found. Mukri clitics are very mobile and can appear in different domains. The previous scholarship on the clitic system of Kurdish have been done by different scholars. A review of the literature on CK reveals that the role of clitic PAMs has been surveyed along four major aspects: (i) the listing of clitic functions; (ii) the grammaticalization of clitic PAMs; (iii) the correlation between clitic PAMs and the nominal case system; (iv) the role of clitic PAMs in the alignment system. The present paper investigates the distribution of Mukri pronominal enclitics using Optimality Theory constraints in the VP. The constraints which play role in clitic placement are NonInitial (cli,VP), Integrity (VP) and LeftMost (cli, L,VP). The VPs under discussion can contain a preverbal, negative maker prefixes (ne-, na-), subjunctive and imperative prefix (bi-) or only a verb. The research method of this study is descriptive – analytic and fieldwork. Competition of the constraints which play role in placing Mukri pronominal clitics in the VP showed that the constraints NonInitial (cli,VP), Integrity (VP) in hierarchy of constraints dominate LeftMost (cli, L,VP) but none of constraints NonInitial (cli,VP), Integrity(VP) dominate each other. The analysis revealed that Mukri Kurdish pronominal clitics are placed in the second position in their VP.

In this research, iron oxide nanostructureshave been successfully synthesized using the coprecipitationmethod. The results of structural studiesusing X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that thesynthesized samples have a simple cubic structure. Thelattice parameter of these synthesized nanostructures wascalculated with the aid of the Rietveld refinementmethod. It was found that the lattice parameter is about8.388 Å. Electron microscopy images (SEM) showed thatthe samples have sheet likes shapes. From SEM images,it was found that the synthesized nanosheets' thicknesswas about 33 nm. The optical properties of the sampleswere also studied using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy.These studies showed that the samples have a broadabsorption peak of about 350 nm. The samples wereirradiated with a beam with a wavelength of 205 nm tomeasure the emission spectra. There were severalemission peaks observed in the emission spectra ofsamples. The highest emission peaks were observed at482nm and 527 nm, respectively.

The analysis of the extent and severity of urban fabric vulnerabilities helps urban planners and managers to make appropriate decisions and select solutions, controls, and countermeasures against potential risks. So, this study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of new (Zone 1) and old (Zone 4) fabrics in Urmia against air raids, based on passive defence indicators. In order to do so, 10 indicators were selected through a literature study. At first, the information layers of the indicators are digitised and prepared in GIS, and then the significance coefficient calculated by AHP method was factored in. It showed that in the new fabric 23% of areas have very low vulnerability, with 29% in low, 39% moderate, 8% high, and 1% very highly vulnerable zones. In the old fabric, 11% were in very low, 39% in low, 43% moderate, 6% high vulnerability, and 1% very high vulnerability zone. In general, it can be said that the vulnerability in zone 4 is greater than zone 1. The results show that the amount of vulnerability in the old fabric is higher than the new fabric.

Abstract By using a nonlinear method, we try to solve partial fractional differential equations. In this way, we construct the Laguerre wavelets operational matrix of fractional integration. The method is proposed by utilizing Laguerre wavelets in conjunction with the Adomian decomposition method. We present the procedure of implementation and convergence analysis for the method. This method is tested on fractional Fisher’s equation and the singular fractional Emden–Fowler equation. We compare the results produced by the present method with some well-known results.

Glycerol is now used in a large variety of applications because the unique structure, and renewability feature, and chemical and physical properties, and because it is physiologically innocuous.The use of glycerol for advanced organic syntheses and the conversion of glycerol into value-added chemicals is now emerging as a fascinating challenge. such as Oxidation, Esterification, Chlorination, Dehydration, Hydrogenolysis, Polymerization, Etherification, glycerol is nowadays considered one of the most relevant platform chemicals.

Recent advances in science and technology caused the Revolution in many different fields of science and Industry. The term lab on a chip or performing difficult analyses only in a short time and in a small space is an expression which becomes very common in recent years. Today, the things which were wishes in the past, are becoming real and inserted in the real life of humankind. In this article, it is tried to study and discuss a special kind of lab on a chip technology, which is called microfluidic (or microchannel). Although this is a vast technology, and it was inserted in many branches of Science and Industry, but here, we have discussed only the applications of this technology in medical and biological diagnostic fields. In this article, we have especially surveyed the devices which were made based on this technology for DNA analysis, devices for detection based on separation, devices for cell sorting and handling and devices for protein-based applications.

Background & Objective: Today, in order to maintain or improve the appearance, composition, flavor and nutritional value for food, compounds called additive are added, that they lead to complications in the human body, which the colors are only one of these substances. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of consuming colors in saffron foods in Fasa in 1397 by thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry methods. Materials & Methods: This is a type of Experimental study that was conducted by a cross-sectional study in Fasa. A total of 64 samples of food were collected from restaurants and after color extraction with Hydrochloric acid and purification, the color analysis was performed using thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry. The Data were analyzed using Excel software. Results: Out of 64 samples, 36 samples (56.2%) of natural color and 28 samples (43.8%) of artificial color were used. Of this amount, artificial color (57.1%) was non‐permitted artificial color (16 samples) and 42.9% of permitted artificial color (12 samples). Also, 75% of the natural colors used were saffron type. Conclusion: Considering the high level of artificial colors found in the samples of this study, preventive measures are essential because the high consumption of non-edible and edible color in foods and their adverse effects on health, raising the level of awareness of manufacturers and consumers about the complications, the amount of consumption or lack of use of these substances is necessary.

Background & Objective: The necessity of using wireless communications and the use of electromagnetic waves in today's world is obvious to everyone. Using of these equipment and development of them, although have many benefits but causes some anxiety on the way in which they influence on environment. One of the most effective ways of decreasing the unwanted effects of these waves is using of the absorber coatings of these waves. Materials & Methods: First, iron chloride powder was added to the aqueous solution of poly vinyl alcohol. Then, aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide was added to it. Subsequently, the iron oxide nanostructures that appeared in the bottom of the dish as sediment were collected by using filter paper and then washed several times with deionised water and ethanol. From the synthesized materials, sheets of thickness of 0.5 and 1 mm were made. Results: X-ray diffraction results proved the synthesis of iron oxide (Fe3O4). The analysis also showed that the synthesized nanostructures have a cubic structure and the average size of crystallites is 12 nm. The electron microscopy images showed that the nanostructures have a sheet-like shapes and their thickness are about 30 nm. The results of the absorption of electromagnetic waves in the range of 8 to 18 GHz showed that iron oxide nanostructures can absorb microwave waves in this range, which absorption increases in greater thicknesses. Conclusion: Coatings containing iron oxide nanostructures can act as microwave absorber and they could have an effective role in eliminating or reducing the unwanted effects of electromagnetic waves.

Background and purpose: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women and the most common cancer causing liver metastases. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a new method in treatment of liver metastases. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of RFA on liver metastatic breast tumors. Materials and methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 52 patients with liver metastases from breast cancer who had less than 5 lesions < 5 cm enrolled. They were divided into two groups; an intervention group that received both chemotherapy and RFA and a control group who had only chemotherapy. Different variables were evaluated e.g. changes in lesion size, residual tumor status, and therapy complications. Data was analyzed in SPSS V20. Results: In a randomized clinical trial, 52 patients with liver metastases from breast cancer who had less than 5 lesions < 5 cm enrolled. They were divided into two groups; an intervention group that received both chemotherapy and RFA and a control group who had only chemotherapy. Different variables were evaluated e.g. changes in lesion size, residual tumor status, and therapy complications. Data was analyzed in SPSS V20. Conclusion: RFA was found as a safe and efficient method in treatment of liver metastases from breast carcinoma and showed a significant synergistic effect in patients under ingesting chemotherapy drugs.

This research aims to develop a system of thin slice sensors that rely on the principle of variable electrical resistors and invested in the calculation of the mutual pressure between the socket and limb prosthesis from above the knee because this pressure is important in determining the efficiency of the prosthesis as the quality of the prosthesis depends on The quality of the socket and the quality of the socket in turn are linked to the optimal distribution of pressure on loadable and non-loadable areas. In five cases of prosthesis alignment through the angle between the knee axis and the socket axis, pressure was calculated for an amputee above the knee at the age of 35 years. The patient was satisfied and it was found that the most suitable angle or the studied condition ranged between 14 - 16 degrees in the front direction corresponding to the direction of normal walking يهدف هذا البحث إلى تطوير نظام من الحساسات الشرائحية الرقيقة التي تعتمد على مبدأ المقاومات الكهربائية المتغيرة و استثمارها في حساب الضغط المتبادل بين الجذمور و قميص طرف صناعي من ما فوق الركبة لما لهذا الضغط من أهمية في تحديد كفاءة الطرف الصناعي حيث أن جودة الطرف الصناعي تتوقف على جودة القميص و جودة القميص بدورها ترتبط بالتوزع الأمثل للضغط على المناطق القابلة للتحميل و المناطق غير القابلة للتحميل .تم حساب الضغط لمصاب بالبتر من ما فوق الركبة يبلغ من العمر 35 عاماً و ذلك في خمس حالات لتسامت الطرف الصناعي من خلال الزاوية بين محور الركبة الصناعية و محور القميص, تم وضع معايير لتقيم كفاءة القميص و زوايا التسامت المثالية بالاعتماد على نظام الحساسات و التجربة و رضى المصاب و تبين أن زاواية التسامت المثالية للحالة المدروسة تراوحت بين 14 – 16 درجة في الاتجاه الأمامي الموافق لاتجاه المشي الطبيعي .

Background & Objectives: Due to increase in bacterial drug resistance, discovering new antibacterial compounds is really important. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phenol compounds effect on antibacterial activity of herbal extracts of Fasa-Fars province in vitro. Materials & Methods: The antibacterial activity of 26 plants was studied by disk diffusion, well, and MIC methods in compare with 13 standard antibiotics against S. aureus and E. coli as control bacteria. Measurement of phenol compounds were performed by Seevers and Daly colorimetric methods using Folin-ciocalteu indicator. Results: Inhibition zone of bacterial growth against S. aureus in well and disk methods were 32 and 22 mm in using Zataria multiflora, respectively .And there were 23 and 16 mm against E. coli in Zataria multiflora, respectively. Less effects and inhibition zones, less than 15mm on both strains, were seen in using Saturina hortensis, Cinamomum zeylanicum, ­Artemisia absinthium, ­Urtica dioica, Carum carvi L. cyminum Cuminum, Achillea fragrantissimia, Marticaria chamomilla, Zingiber officinale, Origanum majorana, and Plantago psyllium. Most effective MIC results, 7.8 µg/ml, were related to the extracts of Zataria multiflora, Carum copticum L. Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Laurus nobilis L. Phenol compound amounts were approximately between 66.51±1.9 and 233.15±5.1 mg/gr extract in Zataria multiflora and Plantago psyllium, respectively. Conclusion: Results of antibacterial activity of extracts and relation with phenol compound amounts indicate the antibacterial effect of phenol compounds in herbal extracts.

Background & Objectives: Ecologic conditions affect production of effective pharmaceutical products. We evaluate the effect of ecologic conditions on antibacterial effects of herbal plants in Fars. Materials & Methods: We collected eight plant species including Trachyspermum copticum, Withania somnifera, Laurus nobilis, Carum carvi, Thymus, Rosemary, Zataria multiflora, and Lavandula in Fasa and Sepidan.. Their antibacterial effects were studied by disk diffusion method, well assay method, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Ecological and weather conditions were derived from internet. Results: Comparing with standard antibacterial indexes the following results were achieved. Fasa herbs including Trachyspermum copticum, Zataria multiflora, Laurus nobilis, and Rosemary had the most effect on Staphylococcus aureus, while Carum carvi had the least effect. This effect in Sepidan herbs was the most in Trachyspermum copticum, Zataria multiflora, and Rosemary, while Carum carvi had the least effect. Surveying the effects against E.coli among Fasa herbs, Zataria multiflora had the most and Carum carvi and Lavandula had the least effects. On the other hand, among Sepidan herbs, Trachyspermum had the highest and Carum carvi, Lavandula, and Laurus nobilis had the lowest effects on E.coli. Antibacterial effects of Fasa herbs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most in Zataria multiflora and Thymus and the least in Carum carvi. In Sepidan herbs, it was the highest in Zataria multiflora and the lowest in Carum carvi.Conclusion: Considering the differences in antibacterial effects of the herbs in two ecologic conditions, we suggest other researchers to pay attention to the mentioned effects in their studies.

Background: Inguinal lymphadenectomy (ILND) has historically been associated with substantial morbidity. The objective of this study was to obtain contemporary ILND morbidity rates and to identify potentially preventable risk factors. Methods: We carried out a retrospective review of medical records for all superficial, deep, and combination groin dissections performed at a single, high-volume academic centre between January 2007 and December 2020. We collected data points for patient, disease, and surgery characteristics, and cancer outcomes. The outcome of interest was any complication within 30 days of surgery. Complications included wound infection, wound necrosis or disruption, seroma, drainage procedure, hematoma, and lymphedema. We performed multivariate logistic regression using SAS version 9.4. Results: We identified 139 patients having undergone 89 superficial, 12 deep, and 38 combined dissection types, respectively. Melanoma accounted for 84.9% of cases. Of these patients, 56.1% had an adverse postoperative event within 30 days. Increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.07, p < 0.01) and number of positive lymph nodes harvested (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.00-1.50, p = 0.05) were associated with more complications. Patients with deep dissection showed a lower likelihood of complications than those with superficial dissection (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.84, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Complication rates after ILND remain high. We identified a number of risk factors, providing opportunities for better selection and prevention. Contexte : La lymphad nectomie inguinale (LI) a toujours t associ e une morbidit importante. Cette tude avait pour but de mesurer les taux de morbidit actuellement associ s la LI et d'en identifer les facteurs de risque potentiellement vitables. M thodes : Nous avons proc d une revue r trospective des dossiers m dicaux de tous les cas de curage inguinal superficiel, profond et complet effectu s dans un seul centre hospitalier universitaire achaland entre janvier 2007 et d cembre 2020. Nous avons recueilli des donn es relatives aux caract ristiques des malades, des maladies et des chirurgies, de m me que l'issue des cancers. Le param tre principal tait toute complication survenant dans les 30 jours suivant la chirurgie. Les complications incluaient infection, n crose ou d hiscence de la plaie, s rome, pose de drain, h matome et lymphoed me. Nous avons proc d une analyse de r gression logistique multivari e l'aide du logiciel SAS Enterprise 9.4. R sultats : Nous avons recens 139 personnes ayant subi un curage inguinal : 89 superficiels, 12 profonds et 38 complets. Un m lanome justifiait l'intervention dans 84,9% des cas. Parmi ces malades, 56,1% ont eu une complication postop ratoire dans les 30 jours suivants l'intervention. Un ge avanc (rapport des cotes [RC] 1,04, intervalle de confiance [IC] de 95% 1,01-1,07, p < 0,01) et le nombre de ganglions lymphatiques positifs r s qu s (RC 1,22, IC de 95% 1,00-1,50, p = 0,05) ont t associ s plus de complications. Les curages profonds ont t associ s une probabilit moindre de complications comparativement aux curages superficiels (RC 0,15, IC de 95% 0,03-0,84, p < 0,05). Conclusion : Les taux de complications suivant la lymphad nectomie inguinale restent lev s. Nous avons identif certains facteurs de risque qui sont autant d'occasions de mieux s lectionner les malades et d'am liorer la pr vention., Inguinal lymphadenectomy (ILND) is a surgical proced ure used for the management of regionally advanced or recurrent malignancies such as melanoma. (1,2) It is classified into different types, based on [...]

Bakground & Objective: Since Olanzapine is used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, the aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of Olanzapine on the pituitary –gonad axis and spermatogenesis in adult male rats. Materials & Methods: In the present research, 50 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 10, including control, sham, and experimental groups I, II, and III, which orally received 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution for 28 days, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, all the rats were weighed and anesthetized. Blood samples were obtained from the heart and were centrifuged; the sera were thereafter evaluated for concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone, and prolactin via the RIA method. Results: The results show that there was a significant increase in the body weight of the group receiving 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution. In addition, the results of hormone assay demonstrated that the serum concentrations of LH and FSH were comparable between the experimental groups, while there was a significant increase in prolactin and significant decrease in testosterone in the group receiving 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution. Conclusion: The changes observed in the subjects were due to the presence of compounds in the Olanzapine solution, especially Benzodiazepine, which affected the body weight and serum concentration of prolactin and testosterone in the groups receiving 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution.

Background & Objective: Host resistance to Leishmania infection is mediated by cellular immune responses leading to macrophage activation and parasite killing. IL-18 known as interferon-γ inducing factor, stimulate IFN-γ production by T-cells. According to the important role of IL-18 in defense against VL and known effect of IL-18 gene polymorphisms on its production, the aim of this study was to investigate the probable relation between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to VL in Iranian patients. Materials & Methods: The study groups included 118 pediatric patients suffered from VL and 156 non-relative healthy persons from the same endemic area as the patients. In both study groups IL-18 gene polymorphisms at positions -656 G/T, -137 G/C and +105A/C (codon 35/3) were analyzed by PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fregment Length Polymorphism). Results: The result showed that the frequency of T allele at position -656 was significantly higher in the controls compared to that in the patients (P=0.047). But in none of the genotypes of IL-18 there was significant difference between patients and controls. In addition, the distribution of ATG haplotype and AGG/ATG haplo-genotype were significantly higher in the controls compared to that in patients with VL (P=0.043and P=0.044, respectively). Furthermore a strong LDs (P