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11. Effect of breeding for plant height on yield and yield component of bread wheat under rain-fed conditions.

Author

Salari, M., Kazemipour, A., Kashigarzadeh, M., Pourtabrizi, S., Ghaderi, M. GH., and Abdolshahi, R. A.

Subjects
PLANT breeding, PLANT yields, GREEN Revolution, PLANT selection, GIBBERELLIC acid, WHEAT, GRAIN yields
Abstract

Introduction: Green Revolution which occurred by introducing dwarfing genes into bread wheat varieties had a great impact on the global wheat production. Nevertheless, these genes decrease grain yield under rain-fed conditions. In general, semi-dwarf genes may not have any advantage in heat and drought stress conditions. In rain-fed conditions, the combination of Rht-D1b and Rht-B1b genes causes a decrease in the grain yield and coleoptile length. It should be noted that the genes Rht4, Rht5, Rht7, Rht8, Rht9, Rht12, Rht13 and Rht14, which are sensitive to gibberellic acid, do not affect coleoptile length. Materials and methods: In the present research, wild type genes which cause higher plant height were transferred from Roshan to Excalibur variety using backcrossing. Similarly, in the F3 generation of a cross between Roshan and Mahdavi, a semi-dwarf plant was observed. This plant was backcrossed with Roshan to have semi-dwarf isogenic lines of this cultivar. Development of isogenic lines for plant height in two genetic backgrounds made it possible to study the effect of the plant height on yield and yield components. Isogenic lines and their parents were evaluated in two successive years (2020-2021 and 2021-2022) under Sepidan rainfed conditions. Results and discussion: On average, plant height of Roshan and its semi-dwarf isogenic lines were 90.84 and 51.22 cm, respectively. Also, the average plant height of Excalibur and its tall isogenic line were 47.61 and 65.36 cm, respectively. Results showed that breeding for higher plant height had a positive and significant effect on wheat grain yield under rain-fed conditions. On average, tallness increased grain yield by 375.43 and 177.94 kg.ha in Roshan and Excalibur genetic backgrounds, respectively. In addition, the effect of plant height on yield components under rain-fed conditions was investigated. The findings of this research show that breeding for higher plant height indirectly increase grains number per spike and 1000 grain weight to improve grain yield. While, spikes number per meter square was not affected with plant height. Considering the high heritability of plant height and its significant correlation with grain yield, it is suggested that this trait be considered in breeding programs under rain-fed conditions. Conclusion: In the present research, it was found that tallness improve grains yield of bread wheat under rain-fed conditions via increasing grains number per spike. Two other yield components were also investigated and it was found that the plant height had no effect on spikes number per meter square. 1000-grains weight did not affected by plant height in the first year, although in the second year, the taller genotypes had higher 1000-grains weight. Considering that plant height has high heritability and response to selection, it is recommended to pay special attention to this trait in breeding programs for rain-fed conditions. It should be mentioned that as narrow sense heritability of plant height is very high, selection for this trait based on single plant is very effective. Consequently, selection for plant height in backcrossing and pedigree breeding methods could be extremely successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. The effect of pomalidumide on inflammatory factors and pro-oxidant antioxidant balance in ovalbumin-induced asthma rat model

Author

Ghaderi, M., Oryan, S., Namdar Yousofvand, and Eidi, A.

Subjects
lcsh:R5-920, inflammation, prooxidant-antioxidant, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, pomalidomide, asthma, lcsh:Medicine (General)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the respiratory system which causes an increase in inflammatory factors such as IL-2,IL-4,IL-5, lymphocytes and eosinophils. These factors can increase the level of free radicals and oxidants. Pomalidumide, an anti-inflammatory drug that has stronger effects than its analogues, can significantly reduce inflammatory factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pomalidumide on inflammatory factors and pro-oxidant antioxidant balance in the rat model of ovalbumininduced asthma. Material and Methods: Male rats were divided into 5 groups (n=8): normal saline, ovalbumin+normal saline, ovalbumin+dexamethasone, ovalbumin+pomalidimide (0.4 0.8 mg/kg, ip). We used ELISA method to determine the level of inflammatory factors. We measured pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) for assessment of blood oxidant level. Results: We found significant decrease in the levels of inflammatory factors in the pomalidumide group. This decrease was more significant in the group that received pomalidumide 0.8 mg/kg, ip. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that pomalidomide prevented the pro-oxidant antioxidant balance shift towards increasing oxidant factors in the asthmatic rats. Also it prevented increase in inflammatory factors including IL-2, IL-4,IL-5, lymphocytes and eosinophils in the ovalbumin-induced asthma rat model.

Published
2019

42. Infrared absorbance of vertically-aligned multi-walled CNT forest as a function of synthesis temperature and time

Author

Mirza Gheytaghi, Amir (author), Ghaderi, M. (author), Vollebregt, S. (author), Ahmadi, M. (author), Wolffenbuttel, R.F. (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author), Mirza Gheytaghi, Amir (author), Ghaderi, M. (author), Vollebregt, S. (author), Ahmadi, M. (author), Wolffenbuttel, R.F. (author), and Zhang, Kouchi (author)

Abstract

In this paper, the growth of optimized vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (VA-MWCNT) forests by LPCVD method for use in a large-area absorber in infrared detectors is presented. The effect of synthesis temperature (500−700 °C) and time (1−10 min) on the optical absorption coefficient in the infrared (2−20 μm) is investigated by FT-IR measurement at various incident angles (15-80°). The structural properties of VA-MWCNT are characterized by SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy. Spectral measurements show an increasing absorption with the height of the forest that results at increased synthesis time and temperature. However, the absorption coefficient decreases with increasing synthesize time and temperature, while it is also affected by other properties, such as diameter, density, alignment, and uniformity. Moreover, the reduction in absorption at oblique incident angles demonstrates the relevance of surface properties. Finally, a circular graphite waveguide system is used to model the absorption characteristics of an MWCNT forest., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, Electronic Instrumentation, QN/Zandbergen Lab

Published
2020
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43. Exploring the response of a resistive soot sensor to AC electric excitation

Author

Middelburg, L.M. (author), Ghaderi, M. (author), Visser, J.H. (author), Wolffenbuttel, R.F. (author), Middelburg, L.M. (author), Ghaderi, M. (author), Visser, J.H. (author), and Wolffenbuttel, R.F. (author)

Abstract

The resistive particulate matter sensor is a simple device that transduces the presence of soot through impedance change across inter-digital electrodes (IDEs). We investigate the information provided by impedance spectroscopy over the frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 kHz for two purposes. The first is to investigate the opportunities for an improved sensor response to particulate matter (PM), based on the additional information provided by the measurement of both the in-phase (resistive) and out-of-phase (capacitive) components of the change in impedance over this frequency range as compared to DC resistance measurement only. Secondly, the origin of the capacitive response of the device is investigated from the perspective that soot on the device is in the form of bendable dendrites that grow in three dimensions. An IDE structure with the housing acting as an additional suspended electrode for introducing a controllable vertical electric field component has been used for this purpose. The formation of dipoles, due to bending of the charged dendrites, is found to be the source of the capacitive response. Simulation of electrostatic soot deposition reinforces dendritic self-assembly mechanisms, driven by charged particle trajectories along electric field lines. Optical microscopy confirms that dendrites growing out of the substrate plane are sensitive to electric and flow forces, bending when force balances are appropriate. We also apply impedance spectroscopy under varying electric field strengths, showing that capacitive response is only observed when conditions are conducive to dendrite bending in response to the applied AC electric fields., Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, Electronic Instrumentation

Published
2020
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49. Characteristics of Gaseous Diffusion Flames with High Temperature Combustion Air in Microgravity

Author

Ghaderi, M and Gupta, A. K

Subjects
Inorganic, Organic And Physical Chemistry
Abstract

The characteristics of gaseous diffusion flames have been obtained using high temperature combustion air under microgravity conditions. The time resolved flame images under free fall microgravity conditions were obtained from the video images obtained. The tests results reported here were conducted using propane as the fuel and about 1000 C combustion air. The burner included a 0.686 mm diameter central fuel jet injected into the surrounding high temperature combustion air. The fuel jet exit Reynolds number was 63. Several measurements were taken at different air preheats and fuel jet exit Reynolds number. The resulting hybrid color flame was found to be blue at the base of the flame followed by a yellow color flame. The length and width of flame during the entire free fall conditions has been examined. Also the relative flame length and width for blue and yellow portion of the flame has been examined under microgravity conditions. The results show that the flame length decreases and width increases with high air preheats in microgravity condition. In microgravity conditions the flame length is larger with normal temperature combustion air than high temperature air.

Published
2003

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